Warm floor under the tile is better

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Probably none of the materials for the finish flooring can compare the for for pearls with ceramic tiles, if the speech goes to the about rooms with a high humidity level, or where the water is likely to get to the floor with a high probability. Baths, showers, baths and saunas, kitchens, bathrooms, hallways - typical places for which it is better to not tile the material. This coating is highly hygienic, durable, wear-resistant, very impressive lifetime, waterproof, perfectly lends itself to cleaning using almost any detergent composition of household chemicals.

Warm floor under the tile is better

The warm floor under the tile is better than the

The owners of the only sometimes hold the - the tile is not at all " warm " material. In the summer, it is not necessary to remember this shortcoming, but with the onset of cold weather, it's not always pleasant to walk on such a covering with bare feet or in the light of home shoes. However, modern construction technologies make it possible to negate this negative point. Speech

goes , of course, about warm floors. But only to the person who first undertakes such a thing, one must first be able to understand their varieties and the peculiarities of the styling. So, the issue with is as follows: warm floor under tile which is better.and which will be easier to install, it is more reliable in operation under certain conditions.

On a large account , on the floor, which is supposed to be tiled with ceramic tiles, it is possible with to take into account m m nesting important nuances to apply any of the existing heating systems. Consider them in the following sequence :

  • Water warm floor - with laying the pipe contour from the heating system.
  • Electric warm floors with resistive heating system.
  • Electric heating systems with infrared principle of transfer of thermal energy.

Water warm floor for tile

Table of contents

  • 1 Water heating floor for tiles
    • 1.1 Typical scheme of water-heated floor
    • 1.2 Basic components for water-heated floor
      • 1.2.1 Insulation mats
      • 1.2.2 Pipes for warmfloor
    • 1.3 Exemplary technology for installing a water-heated floor
    • 1.4 What conclusions can I draw?
    • 1.5 Video: advice on installing a warm water floor
  • 2 Electric underfloor heating resistor
    • 2.1 Warm floors with heating cables
      • 2.1.1 Video: example of laying a warm floor based on a two-wire cable
    • 2.2 Resistive heating mats
      • 2.2.1 Video: an example of laying mesh mats directly on the old tile covering
  • 3 Electric warm floors infrared principle
    • 3.1 Film infrared warm floor
      • 3.1.1 Video:enochnogo infrared floor
      • 3.1.2 Video: How to make a warm film floor for ceramic tiles
    • 3.2 Infrared Rod mats
      • 3.2.1 Video: how to mount a warm core infrared floor under tiles

Water warm floor is a contour of pipes, placed in a concrete floor screed, through which the coolant circulates from an autonomous or central heating system. This type of floor heating can and is used as the main source of heat, and act as an additional one. Concrete screed, if it is filled correctly, with a careful leveling of the surface, is in itself an excellent base for laying any type of ceramic tile.

Typical scheme of the water of the warm floor

The approximate scheme of the device of the water-heated floor under the tile of the display on the shown in the diagram:

Floor scheme, tiled, with water heating

The scheme of the floor tiled with water heating

1 is an obligatory layer of thermal insulation. It is important to do everything so to to the minimum to reduce absolutely unnecessary power consumption for heating the base warm floor - so, to the main flow went up, to the heating of the room. This is especially important on the ground floors, with floors on the ground or having unheated basement( basement) rooms below. In multi-storey buildings, the issue is less acute, but it is also not worth heating the slab. Thermal insulation can be single-layer or multi-layer, depending on the needs and possibilities, be made of various insulation materials - from expanded clay to expanded polystyrene or roll foil foamed polyethylene.

2 - reinforcing layer, which can simultaneously be the basis for fixing the pipes of the water heating circuit. Often, a different scheme of fastening pipes and reinforcement - is used, as will be discussed below.

3 - pipe circuit, through which the coolant circulates.

4 - input devices for the water circuit and for adjusting the heating temperature of the floor surface.

5 - Mandatory concrete screed, completely covering pylons laid pipes. It plays a role not only a solid foundation for the floor covering( laying tiles).One of its key destinations is to become a powerful thermal energy storage. Getting heated from padded it thicker pipes, it evenly distributes heat throughout the surface, transferring it to the final ceramic coating. A well-warmed base can retain heat for a very long time, gradually giving it to the room, which helps to save energy resources used for heating. The thickness of the screed should be within 30 ÷ 60 mm.

6 - if necessary, the coupler of the warm floor can be perfectly leveled with the bulk self-leveling mortar. However, for the laying of ceramic tiles an ideally smooth plane is not required - if the horizontal alignment of the screed is strictly observed, it is not difficult to eliminate small errors with the building glue already during the tiling of the tile.

7 - ceramic tiles, the laying of which completes the finishing process of the warm floor .

How to choose and properly lay ceramic tile?

1_8_c8d4253111ab921bd7556df5bff943 For floors, especially in rooms with high humidity, not is suitable for all ceramic tiles, that is, it is necessary to be able to understand its types, classification, marking. If the choice is made correctly will suit already for almost any kind of warm floor.

To not be repeated further, is reasonable immediately to give the reader a link to the portal article, which details both the choice and laying the tile on the floor .

Basic accessories for water warm floor

Thermal mats

As already mentioned, the water warm floor only in that case will be effective if is mounted on the on the with the thermally insulated base. To do this, most often used ready-made insulation mats of one type or another.

  • Thin roll insulation with foil .
Thin rolled foil insulation

Thin rolled foil insulation

Independently in the construction of the water of the warm , the floor is not infrequently applied - only provided that the floor itself is sufficient is insulated with .In this case, the reflective substrate is used so before laying out the contours and filling the screed. Fixing of pipes in this version is usually carried out on the reinforcing mesh or on fixed to the surface of the rough floor " comb ".

Фиксация труб с помощью монтажной "гребенки"

Fixing of pipes with the mounting "comb"

  • Plates made of extruded polystyrene foam.
The panels of extruded polystyrene foam are distinguished by excellent strength

Extruded polystyrene panels are distinguished by excellent strength

Convenient in operation, as many have lamellar parts that allow to lay the plates in a single almost monolithic coating. They have an excellent thermal insulation effect. The high strength of the material allows to withstand the with with with pipes and dynamic loads during operation with the .

Disadvantage - there is no own waterproofing, which the will have to perform separately. Often used as the first layer of insulation, on top of which are stacked additional mats.

  • Foiled waterproof foam polystyrene mats designed specifically for warm floors.
Varieties of foamed polystyrene mats

Varieties foil-foamed polystyrene mats

It's much easier to work with them. They can be produced in the form of "clamshells" or as a type "tractor track " - roll out according to floor surfaces. Not only do they , when folding, they create a single surface with a very tight fitting of adjacent blocks, the is practically without any gaps - they have as well there is also a foil layer that simultaneously performs the functions of the thermo reflector and hydro - vapor barrier barrier. Many of the models, in addition, have a special self-adhesive tape along the edge - for practically tight sealing of adjacent mats with each other.

Поверхность имеет разметочную сетку, а крепить трубу удобно хомутами-"гарпунами"

The surface has a marking grid, and it is convenient to fasten the pipe with the "harpoon" harnesses

. Another is one important convenience - the on their surface mesh, greatly simplifying the process of marking and laying out the pipes of the heating circuit. And the pipes can be fixed here in different ways - as , as already mentioned above - with a garter to the reinforcing mesh or using combs or using special clamps with harpoon harnesses type , which are perfectly held inexpanded polystyrene.

  • Profile mats with locking pins.
Mounting mats with bosses, probably the best option

Mounting mats with bosses, probably the best version of

If all the above mentioned mats can be used for insulation work on other sites or with other types of " warm floor", these are specially designed for water heating circuits. They combine four functions:

- The extruded polystyrene insulation layer gives the an excellent thermal insulation effect. The thickness of the insulation can be different - from very thin mats, 5 ÷ 10 mm, to 50 ÷ 70. In a word, you can choose for specific requirements for thermal insulation of the base floor surface.

- Figured bosses make laying even the most complex "drawings" of the contour and fixing the pipes - a simple and understandable job. No additional fasteners should be needed.

- The upper polymer coating of the mats becomes a gorgeous hydro - vapor barrier layer, so necessary for waterproof floors. Special connecting stripes on two edges( shown in the figure with arrows) allow to lay out of the mats absolutely impervious coating.

- The profile, ribbed surface of the resulting coating allows to do without using additional reinforcement of the screed, especially if the uses a mortar with plasticizers and microfiber.

These mats, perhaps, only one conditional "flaw" - is a high price. But if you can , then do not hesitate to choose them.

Pipes for warm floor

Warm water floor almost always( with rare exceptions, with the arrangement of wooden floors) is covered with a layer of heat-accumulating screed. And this, of course, imposes special requirements on the used pipes for the circulation of the coolant.

The quality of the pipes will predetermine the durability and reliability of the warm floor

The quality of the pipes will predetermine the durability and reliability of the underfloor heating

. Judge for yourself:

  • The screed is poured for many years, and it is simply impossible to access the tubing for visual control of the or periodic prevention. Even a small leak, which is easily and easily eliminated in an open area, turns almost into a catastrophe, , especially if from below live in the neighborhood. Carrying out emergency repairs is associated with a large-scale dismantling of the ceramic tile covering, screeds, and the about the exact location of the defect can only be guessed.
It is extremely difficult to find the place of leakage independently, without the invitation of specialists with special equipment

It is unacceptable to fill the butt joints of pipes, whether they are threaded, welded, soldered, fitting , etc. ( , for severalexceptions - for example, the connection of quality stainless corrugated pipes ensure complete safety).This means that the pipe should fit into the circuit in a single length of several tens of meters, from the entrance to the return .And on all length it must be consistently of high quality.

  • The pipe must have defined performance properties. Here it is possible to attribute, first of all , flexibility, that there was an opportunity to lay out loops of a circuit. Secondly, , a lot of kilogram screed, floor covering plus dynamic impacts will rest on the pipe. Thirdly, the circuit must withstand high temperatures - with a margin of up to 90 degrees, and the material of the - pipe have a high thermal conductivity for effective transmission of heating the floors. Fourth, , compulsory corrosion and chemical resistance.
  • Special plastic pipes of their cross-linked polyethylene PEX, heat-resistant polyethylene PE-RT , metal-plastic ones, whose structure includes an aluminum layer along with the same PEX and / or PE-RT , are widely used at present. A few stand alone are expensive metal, stainless corrugated or copper pipes, afford which can far from all

    pipes fuck warm floor

    1423986495_izobrazhenie9 Probably, it is clear that used in warm floors "then, that cheaper " - is unlikely to be reasonable. The choice of pipes becomes the most important moment, in which there are no trifles. How correctly to navigate in their diversity?

    in1 The hallway of the house in which it is necessary to make a warm floor before tiling it with a tile. It is assumed that the foundation of the floor does not need repair.
    in2 The first mandatory operation - a thorough cleaning of the base surface from debris, pebbles, anything that could damage the waterproofing film. After harvesting, the most reasonable thing is to thoroughly apply the surface with a deep penetration composition.
    in3 The whole floor surface is covered with a dense polyethylene film, 200 μm thick. A minimum allowance of 50 mm is required on the walls.
    in4 At the joints of the sheets, an overlap of about 100 ÷ 150 mm is made, which is pasted with a waterproof construction tape on top.
    in5 On all vertical surfaces - walls, columns, openings along the floor, a damper tape is glued. Usually it has a backing strip on the back side, protected by a substrate. It is necessary to glue the tape so that the allowance of the polyethylene film on the walls gets under it.
    in6 The floor surface is ready for laying the thermal insulation layer.
    7 The insulation mats are laid. Pay attention - on the damper tape on the outside of it there should be a polyethylene "skirt".When laying the panels along the walls, it should be on top of them. It is necessary to fix it with the same waterproof tape.
    in8 The mats can have passe-crest or lamellar locks - this greatly simplifies the laying process. Panels are stacked "in a descent", so that the transverse joints in the adjacent rows do not coincide.
    in9 The first layer of insulation is laid. To enhance the effect of thermal insulation and to facilitate the laying of pipes, a second layer will directly be laid on top of it - polymeric coated mats and mounting lugs.
    Вп10 The profile mats are laid in approximately the same way. Differences - when pruning them, you can not shift the rows of the layout of the boss - this should be taken into account when cutting. Such mats also have a system of locks, which simplifies their laying.
    in11 After the whole surface is covered, you can proceed to laying the contour of the pipes in accordance with a pre-designed and drawn out scheme.
    vp12 Qualitative mats perfectly withstand the weight of a person, so the tube can be gently pushed into the grooves with the foot, shod in shoes with soft soles. The pipe perfectly enters the space between the bosses and is securely fixed in them.
    in 14 On the steepest with the minimum bending radius, it is advisable to additionally fix the pipe with a pair of three-yoke clamps.
    in15 The floor with the laid out contour is ready for pouring the screed.
    in18 For completeness of the picture - the peculiarities of laying the contour of pipes on foil insulation. The floor in this case does not require special thermal insulation( from below there is a well heated room), so the masters limited themselves after waterproofing and gluing the damper tape only by covering the surface with foamed polyethylene foam.
    Вп17 The metal reinforcement net is laid on the floor. Its individual sections are connected by wires.
    in19 The layout of the pipes follows the scheme, and they are fixed to the bars of the grid using plastic clamps-puffs.
    in20 The floor is also ready for further operations to fill the screed. But there is one more important condition for the continuation of the construction work - the circuit must be connected to the heating network, pressurized, that is checked for the absence of even the slightest leaks. Then the pressure in the pipes from the test to the working pressure - and only then you can proceed to the screed.
    in21 The beacon system is exposed. This is best done by thin profiles, exposing them to the slides of concrete. The thickness of the screed is not less than 30 mm. Do not use gypsum mixtures for reasons of speeding up the process - the screed and slides under the beacons should be made of a homogeneous material with equal physical properties, otherwise there may be very undesirable consequences in the future.
    Вп22 Cement-sand mortar for screeds is best modified with fiber-reinforced fibers and plasticizer. When laying concrete, it is necessary to achieve maximum density, so as not to leave air bubbles anywhere. Particular attention to vulnerable areas - along pipes, combs, fasteners and other parts.
    in24 The filled and leveled screed must be covered with a polyethylene film after 4 ÷ 6 hours to prevent drying and cracking. Remove the film can be in a week - concrete will pick up by that time sufficient strength.
    in23 At the same time, it is possible to cut off the protruding edge of the damper strip along the perimeter.
    Q16 It is recommended to switch on the heating system 15 days after pouring, so that at the entrance to the laid out circuit there should be no more than 27 ° С.For all further work( tile laying) and for the operation of the warm floor in the operating temperature regime, it is possible to proceed no earlier than 4 weeks later.
    Illustration of Brief description of operation

    We advise you to refer to a special article of our portal in which all the nuances of choosing pipes for warm water floors are described in great detail.

    Approximate mounting technology for warm

    Technological receptions when laying warm of the water floor may differ slightly depending on the type of components used. But, nevertheless , the basic scheme is about one.

    What conclusions can be drawn?

    So, after the has been considered the basic concepts of water heating of the floor under the tile, you can make some generalizations.

    Undoubtedly, in terms of economy in operation, this kind of warm floor wins for all its "brethren".The system, with the correct its installation and the use of high-quality components, is effective, able to create and maintain a comfortable microclimate in the house. However, there are many nuances that can either to some extent restrict, complicate the of its creation, or even make it impossible.

    It is very problematic to make warm water floors in multi-storey buildings, and there are several reasons for it at once:

    • Let's return to again to an approximate scheme of the water floor.
    The total thickness of all layers of the warm water floor is very impressive

    The total thickness of all layers of the warm water floor is very impressive

    • The total thickness of the entire "pie" is very impressive - a heater, a screed plus at least 10 mm "will eat" more self tile coating. As a result, will get level of the floor at least 70 ÷ 100 mm - and this is at the best. Are the owners ready to go to the in a standard apartment? Moreover, usually the tiles are laid, as already mentioned, in wet rooms - bathrooms, bathrooms and , the ., Where it is recommended to lower the floor level than in the corridor or in the rooms. Thus, "fit" into these norms will be very difficult.
    • The design of a warm floor covered with tiles always assumes a massive heat accumulating screed. This means that a significant additional weight load will fall on the interfloor overlap, on which the or can be and not be calculated.
    • If the owners plan to connect the of a warm floor to a centralized heating system, they should know that this is not so simple - unpleasant "surprises" can await them. Firstly, the temperatures of the coolant in the batteries and the heating circuits of the floor vary considerably, the means that the will require the installation of rather complicated and expensive adjustment equipment. Secondly, management companies can simply prohibit the selection of heat from the risers so as not to disturb the balance of the central system. Thirdly, if the permit is obtained, it is likely that enough rigid specifications will be exhibited, with the mandatory installation of complex control equipment and devices consumption of thermal energy.

    Would you like to connect the warm floor to the central heating system?

    4d4ccbd0110996d16c0390aa705733dd It can not be said that this is impossible, but for this it is necessary for to solve a lot of organizational and technological problems.

    Details on how to make warm floor from option - in a special article of our portal.

    • And, finally, still one minus, which has already been mentioned - the likelihood, even small, of flooding neighbors from below in case of a leak that will quickly be eliminated is not easy.

    And here for owners of private houses with autonomous heating system of water warm floor is a very good solution. Of course, here it will also be necessary to install equipment - collector cabinets, which will maintain circulation in the circuits and the desired temperature of the coolant. But the hosts are not so rigid are bound by spatial constraints, no reconcile procedures are required, it is possible to control both the quality of the coolant and its pressure in the system.

    Often, warm water floors require complex and cumbersome equipment

    Often, warm water floors require complicated and bulky equipment

    Conclusion: warm water floor for ceramic tile is more appropriate in private construction - there it will fully show its efficiency and economy. The device is in a city apartment - a very complicated, and sometimes even impossible, event.

    Video: Installation Tips Warm Water Floor

    Electrical Warm Resistive Action Floors

    Another effective source of heat for floor heating is electrical energy. Before the water, electric floors have a number of advantages:

    • They can be equipped in almost any residential building - private or in a multi-storey building.
    • Their installation does not require any of the coordinating procedures, if the total power consumption of the apartment does not exceed the limit set by the legislation( 15 kW).
    • Electrical heating of the floors is safer, as there is no risk of flooding the neighbors.
    • Some warm electric floors also require a concrete screed, but its thickness - is significantly smaller, and, has become - the load on the floor base is not as large. Many types of floors in general allow you to do without the screed.
    • All control equipment is many times smaller, and controlling the operating modes of heating is much easier and more convenient.
    • The installation of an electrical floor is incomparably simpler than a water floor. The total costs for components and for the work of - are much lower.
    • Quality electric warm floor with proper installation will serve no less than a water one - a few tens of years.

    There is, however, one obvious drawback, which forces consumers to treat this type of floor with great alertness - this is the high cost of electricity. Alas, this can not be avoided - even with the most effective insulation of the house or apartment, the operating costs will be very significant.

    However, in accordance with the topic under consideration, in such rooms where tiles are laid, such an electric heating can be made not as basic, but only as an auxiliary, which increases the comfort of staying in the kitchen, in the bathroom and , .Here, the electric floors do not have an equal - , they will be both efficient and economical.

    All electrical warm floors can be divided into two large groups - the resistive and infrared principle of operation. Let's start with the first one.

    Warm floors with heating cables

    The principle of operation of all resistive heaters is very straightforward: an electrical current passes through a conductor with high resistivity, causing it to heat up. On a large account , irons, electric hotplates, heating elements and as well as work in the same way. But for the conditions of the warm floor, certainly, special heating elements - cables have been developed. They are laid on the surface of the base floor on the of a certain , carefully calculated scheme, and then closed with a screed about 300 mm thick, which becomes the basis for laying ceramic tiles. This is well illustrated in the diagram:

    Scheme of a warm floor using a heating cable

    Scheme of a warm floor using a heating cable

    1 - concrete the floor of the floor. Before installing the heating system, its is waterproofed with with a deep penetration primer.

    2 is a thermal insulating substrate. Usually, a thin foil-type insulation material such as foam foil is used.

    3 - mounting rails, to which fix the cable when it is laid out. They are attached to the base of the floor by dowels.

    4 - the main element of the floor - heating cable laid out in accordance with the scheme. On the mounting rails there are special "tongue" fasteners, which fix the cable in the desired position.

    Fastening the cable to the mounting plate

    Fastening the cable to the mounting plate

    5 is a temperature sensor installed between the cable turns, which will monitor the floor heating temperature level.

    6 - control device warm floor, thermostat electronic or electromechanical principle of operation. To it are brought both "cold" ends of a cable, and a wire of a temperature sensor.

    7 - screed of their cement-sand mortar( it is desirable - with plasticizer and micro-reinforcement fibreboards ).In order to connect the screed to the concrete floor base in the foamed insulation, diamond-shaped "windows" can be cut.

    "Окошки" вырезаются в фольгированной подложке перед заливкой стяжки

    "windows" are cut out in a foil substrate before filling the screed

    Often, before reinforcing the screed lay fiberglass reinforcing mesh( metal in this is not recommended).In the rest, the process of pouring the screed laying tile( item 8) does not differ from the water floor. Thickness - about 30 mm

    The heating cables themselves can be of several types.

    Types of heating cables

    Types of heating cables

    • The most simple and inexpensive - single-core ( item A ).Their main disadvantage is that both ends of the cable should be brought together at one point to the thermostat. This is quite inconvenient, especially when laying out a complex scheme.
    • Much more convenient in assembly works - two-wire heating cables( item B ).Only one end of the cable is fed to the control unit, and on the second one there is a special plug with a jumper, ensuring the circuit is closed. The role of the heating element in different models can perform as one vein( the second serves only as a conductor), and both simultaneously.
    • The most innovative are special heating cables that have the effect of self-regulation. Between the two cores, which in this case perform exclusively the function of conductors, is a semiconductor matrix. Conductors create a potential difference, and the passage of current and heating go precisely through the semiconductor. And the power consumption and the heating temperature on each individual section of the cable can vary - the more heating, the lower the energy consumption. The cable itself regulates the intensity of local heating as a function of the external temperature. This gives the a very good savings effect.
    Set of floor heating cable type

    Set of warm floor cable type

    Cables are usually sold ready-made kits of different capacities and do not require additional development. In certain cases have the ability to change the length of the cable( especially - self-regulating), but you should not do it yourself.

    Video: an example of laying warm floor on the basis of a two-wire cable

    Resistive heating mats

    This kind of electrical resistive floor heating system is much more convenient to install, and as if specially designed specifically for tiling.

    Set of floor heating with heating mesh

    Underfloor heating kit with heating screen mat

    mt1 Works begin in a prepared room with repaired surfaces of the floor and walls. The first step determines the convenient location for the placement of the thermostat. For him in the wall, at a height of not less than 300 mm from the floor, a socket is drilled under the mounting box. From the nest to the surface of the floor is cut a 20 × 20 mm penalty.
    mt2 On the floor, a fence of the same cross section is also made - it will be fitted with a plastic corrugated tube Ø 16 mm with a thermal sensor inside. Both penalties converge at one point in the corner at the junction of the floor and the wall.
    mt3 Next stage - thorough cleaning of the entire floor surface from debris, fragments of concrete, pebbles, etc. After cleaning, the surface is primed with a composition of deep penetration - for additional waterproofing and improving adhesion qualities.
    mt4 The mat is laid from the thermoregulator location. The mat unwinds on the floor, and it can be fixed with a drop of silicone glue or "liquid nails".
    mt5 To change the direction of the layout, it is allowed to cut the mesh polycarbonate substrate without affecting the cable itself.
    mt6 Adjacent strips of the mat should be positioned so that a distance of at least 50 mm remains between the cable loops. Crossing of wires is not allowed.
    mt7 After the mats are laid, you can proceed to the switching operations.
    mt10 First place the thermal sensor. It is introduced into the corrugated tube that is included in the delivery. The open end of the tube is closed with a special plug. The tube with the sensor fits into the penalty on the floor, so that the distance from the wall is not less than 500 mm.
    mt11 The second end of the pipe, bending in the corner, enters a penalty on the wall. Surplus is cut off at the place of the future installation of the mounting box. Wire loop - for a bundle of all wires of the scheme of the warm floor in a penalty in one "pigtail".
    mt8 There, in the vertical penalty, the cold ends of the cable are laid and laid. It is possible that the supply cable from the switchboard will also be located there.
    mt9 The wires are put in a junction box, it is installed in the socket for a small amount of mortar( for example, gypsum - to get a quick grip).
    mt12 The output wires are cut to the size required for installation, cleaned, tinned. The control vertebra of the cable is immediately carried out - the resistance specified in its passport is checked.
    mt13 Next, the wires are switched in the terminal block of the thermostat unit, in accordance with the diagram and the technical documentation of the device.
    mt 14 After switching the thermostat is installed in the box in its original place. A power connection is made and a test run is carried out - short-term heating of the cable. If everything works correctly, you can move on.
    mt15 The food of the underfloor heating must be switched off at the switchboard. Both penalties, and on the floor, and on the wall are embedded with mortars, for example, tile glue. At the same time, you can also glue the glue for tiling.
    mt 16 A layer of tile adhesive is applied directly to the heating mats. Its layer should be not less than 10 ÷ 12 mm
    mt18 Further - all the same as in the usual laying of tiles: the distribution of the adhesive with a notched trowel, the installation of tiles with the required clearance, the control of the horizontal surface - and so on.
    mt19 It is possible to include the warm floor tiled with ceramic tiles on the calculated capacity only after the adhesive has completely hardened. Usually this parameter is indicated on the package of a dry building mix. By the way, when choosing a glue it is worth paying attention to its compatibility with a warm floor - not all glues "like" frequent changes in temperature.
    Illustration of Brief description of operation

    In fact - this is the same heating cable, but it is already laid looped on the polycarbonate reinforcing mesh. This not only allows to simplify the installation, but in the case of ceramic tiles, does not require a screed at all .The warm floor in this case is laid directly on the prepared concrete surface, without using a foil substrate. In order to get a rough idea of ​​the technology, the basic of its steps are presented in the table:

    So, we sum up the section on resistive heating:

    • For a tiled floor this type warm floor can become a very effective method of improving the comfort of the room.
    • In terms of " price - quality " the optimal option will be a two-wire cable, both itself, and as part of a net mat. Single-core has its shortcomings in the technological plan, and self-regulating is too expensive.
    • From the point of view of simplicity and speed of installation the unconditional leader are mesh mats. For laying the tile it is not necessary to tie the with its with a labor-intensive filling process and a long maturing period.

    Electrical resistive warm floor

    cc953834eddbe3af33dc367b4aef9b0e If it is decided to use this kind of floor heating, tiled, then it is advisable to get acquainted with the types of cables and mats closer.

    The topic heating cables for warm floors on the portal is dedicated to a separate publication.

    Video: an example of laying mesh mats directly on the old tiled coating

    Electric warm floors of the infrared principle

    Another is a single mode of transmission of thermal energy is wave radiation in the infrared range. Such systems appeared relatively recently, but quickly began to compete with resistive ones, often exceeding them by reliability , efficiency and economy. Two types of infrared heating elements - film and rod - are used for heating the floors.

    Film infrared warm floor

    Roll of infrared heater

    Roll of infrared heater

    This is the thinnest of all warm floors, which is especially important in a confined space apartment. Nevertheless, , even with a thickness of only a few tenths of a millimeter, film heaters are able to "give out" a powerful thermal radiation, sufficient for heating the room. The small dimensions of the film enable the to place the on its directly under the finish of not only the floor, but also the ceiling or walls.

    Approximate scheme of the structure of a film heater

    Exemplary diagram of the structure of the film heater

    Infrared film elements are a multilayer structure. Between the two layers of high-strength and chemically inert transparent polymer pass two parallel copper busbars( item 1)."Drawing" on them, there is a "stockade" of heating strips from a special carbon paste( item 2).High quality of electrical contact is provided by silver coating( item 3).Through certain gaps ( for example, through 250 mm) are provided technological gaps with deposited by lines on which can be used to cut entire film into separate fragments of the required length.

    The material of the heating strips is matched so that the that does not, by themselves, gain heat, become a good source of the infrared radiation , which is absorbed by the finish surface of the floor, that the results in direct heat transfer. Screed in this case - absolutely not needed, but from below a layer of heat-insulating substrate is required.

    Installation of film floors - is absolutely simple for the person who is at least a bit versed in electrical engineering and who owns the basics of building technologies. All materials and components necessary for work are included in the kit, and remains only to follow the step-by-step instruction. Since there is no need for concreting, all works, up to the finish of the finish coat, can be done literally in a day or two. As an example - watch the video:

    Video: installation example film infra-red floor

    . Everything would be fine, but only this floor is more intended for the covering of natural wood, parquet, laminate, linoleum. And what about our ceramic tiles? The film will not give the necessary adhesion with the tile adhesive, and the tile will probably start the with time to "dance" and break away from the surface. To cut windows in film heaters is prohibited, and small holes, available on some films , all will not solve the problem equally.

    Nevertheless, , there is an output, though, to work here it is necessary a little bit more .For laying tiles completely is suitable for moisture-resistant plasterboard, which after the waterproofing is covered with the entire floor surface, already covered with film elements. Drywall can be fixed or on "liquid nails", or on self-tapping screws to the base floor base. But after very careful marking, to the fastening elements fell on technological breaks or on transparent fields, in no way touching copper buses or black strips. Well, the surface of plasterboard after careful priming turns into an excellent flat ground for laying ceramic tiles.

    By the way, in terms of its physical qualities, the drywall itself absorbs very little IR radiation( film heaters are often located above a suspended gypsum board ceiling), so there will be no large energy losses.

    Video: how to make warm film floor for ceramic tile

    Infrared rod mats

    This kind of warm floors is rightly considered to be the most innovative. It combines all the advantages of both cable and film heating systems.

    Probably the most innovative solution is the rod infrared mats

    Probably the most innovative solution - rod infrared mats

    Mat represents two current-carrying tires in polymer insulation, which are connected by flexible rods filled with a special carbon compound. Each from the radiator rods operates completely autonomously, that is, even damage to one or more of their from them not will cause the to lose the operability of the entire system.

    The remarkable property of such mats is self-regulation, that is, the consumption of electricity at each particular site depends on the temperature of the rod. There is no risk of overheating - even if the floor of this floor is suddenly closed with furniture( which is unacceptable with any other type of electrical of warm floors), the core, typing , the upper set temperature limit is simply "closed" and overheated due to the lack of heat sink to itdoes not threaten.

    Rod infrared floors perfectly fit under ceramic tiles.

    Floor scheme under ceramic tiles with a heating rod system

    Floor scheme under ceramic tiles with

    rod heating system and is a base floor base that only needs repair( with cracks or troughs) and priming.

    b - a thin heat-insulating layer with a foil-coated top.

    in the - rod mat.

    g - The layer of tile adhesive is from 10 to 20 mm.

    d - ceramic tiles.

    The screed in this case is also not needed - a bit thickened layer tile adhesive.

    Mounting warm core floor is also quite simple, quite feasible for independent execution. Schematically it can be represented as follows:

    Approximate scheme of stacking and switching of rod infrared mats

    Approximate scheme of laying and switching of rod infrared mats

    • Rod mats( Item 1) are rolled according to , covered with a reflective substrate. Temporarily fix them to the base with an adhesive tape.
    The process of laying and fixing the mat

    The process of laying and fixing the mat

    • If you need to change the direction or turn the tire( key 2), far from the center of the turn, is cut, the mat rotates in the desired direction, its laying continues in the same order.
    Section on the current-carrying bus for making a turn

    Incision on the current-carrying bus to perform a rotation

    • After the mats are laid over the entire planned surface, the cut ends of the buses must be connected. To do this, the supplied mounting wires( key 3) and crimp insulated terminals with heat shrink tubing( item 4) are used.
    The kit must include special crimp terminals

    Special crimp connection terminals

    • must be included. The same terminals to the buses at the beginning of the mat are connected the "cold" wires( item 5) that will go to the thermostat block. On the reverse side of the mat, both tires must be closed with special insulating plugs( key 6).
    • The temperature sensor( item 7) is installed - it must be located strictly between the stripes and the center of the width of the mat. The sensor wires are also switched in the thermostat.
    • Lastly, after checking the total resistance of the mat, connect the power line 220 to ( item 9).The general operability of the system is checked by a brief inclusion.
    • Then "windows" are cut out in the reflecting substrate( approximately the same as in the case of the heating cable), and it is possible to lay the ceramic tile directly on the rods, maintaining the thickness of the adhesive layer within 10-20 mm. At the same time, it is necessary to apply glue and distribute it with a comb spatula on the tile - this is so completely eliminated that the skid will damage the rod or wire.
    Video: how to mount warm rod infrared floor under tile

    Let's sum up the .

    Among infrared heaters for floors with ceramic tiles, rod mats have an absolute advantage. Not only that they are no more difficult to install than film elements - tiles are easier to lay on them, and the effect of self-regulation makes the operation of such floors safer and more economical.

    How to calculate warm floor?

    Figure-1-Defines-Zone-Editing-Films This publication does not address the issues of drawing up projects and conducting calculations for warm floors. This is a very extensive layer of information, which requires separate consideration.

    You will find out the nuances of calculation warm floor in a separate article of the portal by clicking on the recommended link.

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