The engine from the washing machine: the scheme of connection of the engine to a network, how to connect the engine from a new and old washing machine

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The engine from the washing machine and the diagram of its connection to the network
  • Types
    • Asynchronous
    • Collector
    • Inverter( brushless)
  • Motor connection to
    • network Modern washing machine
    • Washer of the old model

The engine is the heart of the washing machine. This device rotates the drum during washing. In the first models of machines, the belts were attached to the drum, which acted as drives and ensured the movement of a container full of laundry. Since then, developers have significantly improved this unit, which is responsible for turning electricity into mechanical work.

Washing machine motor

At present three types of engines are used in the manufacture of washing equipment.

Types

Asynchronous

Motors of this type consist of two parts - a stationary element( stator), which serves as a supporting structure and serves as a magnetic circuit, and a rotating rotor that drives the drum. The motor rotates as a result of the interaction of the alternating magnetic field of the stator and the rotor. Asynchronous, this type of device was named because it is not able to reach the synchronous speed of the rotating magnetic field, but follows it, as if catching up.

Asynchronous motor from washing machine

Asynchronous motors are found in two versions: they can be two- and three-phase. Two-phase samples are rare today, because on the threshold of the third millennium their production practically ceased.

The vulnerability of this engine is the weakening of torque. Outwardly this is manifested by a violation of the trajectory of the drum movement - it swings, not making a complete turn.

Asynchronous motor from washing machine

Undoubted advantages of devices of an asynchronous type are simple design and ease of maintenance, which consists in the timely lubrication of the motor and the replacement of failed bearings. The asynchronous motor runs quietly, but costs quite cheaply.

The shortcomings of the device include a large size and low efficiency.

These engines are usually equipped with simple and inexpensive models that do not have a lot of power.

Collector

Collector motors replaced the two-phase asynchronous devices. Three quarters of household appliances are equipped with motors of this type. Their feature is the ability to work from both AC and DC.

The collector motor of the washing machine

To understand the operation of this engine, briefly describe its device. The collector is a copper drum, divided into even rows( sections) with insulating "partitions".The places of contacts of these sections with external electrochains( for the designation of such areas in electric, the term "terminals" is used) are located diametrically on opposite sides of the circle. With the terminals, both brushes come into contact - sliding contacts, which ensure the interaction of the rotor with the motor, one on each side. As soon as any section is energized, a magnetic field appears in the coil.

When the stator and rotor are turned on directly, the magnetic field starts to rotate the motor shaft clockwise. This is due to the interaction of charges: the same charges are repelled, different - attracted( for greater clarity, remember the "behavior" of ordinary magnets).Brushes gradually move from one section to another - and the movement continues. This process will not be interrupted while there is tension in the network.

To rotate the shaft counterclockwise, it is necessary to change the distribution of charges on the rotor. To do this, the brushes are turned in the opposite direction - towards the stator. Usually, miniature electromagnetic starters( power relays) are used for this.

The collector motor from the washing machine

Among the advantages of a collector motor is a high speed of rotation, a smooth change in the speed of rotation, which depends on the voltage variation, independence of the frequency of the electric network, large starting torque and compactness of the device. Among its shortcomings, a relatively short service life is noted due to the rapid wear of brushes and the collector. Friction causes a significant temperature increase, as a result of which the layer isolating the collector contacts is destroyed. For the same reason, an interturn closure can occur in the winding, which can cause a weakening of the magnetic field. An external manifestation of such a malfunction will be a complete stop of the drum.

Inverter( brushless)

The inverter motor is a motor with direct drive. This invention is hardly more than 10 years. Developed by a well-known Korean concern, it quickly gained popularity due to its long service life, reliability, durability and its very modest dimensions.

The rotor and stator also act as components of this type of motor, but the main difference is that the motor is attached directly to the drum, without the use of connecting elements that fail first.

Inverter motor of washing machine

Among the undeniable advantages of inverter engines - the simplicity, the lack of parts subject to rapid wear, convenient placement in the body of the machine, low noise and vibrations, compactness.

The disadvantage of this motor is the laboriousness - its production requires a lot of effort and effort, which significantly affects the price of inverter machines.

Inverter( stepper) motor from washing machine

Schematic of motor connection to

network Modern washing machine

When connecting the engine of a modern washing device to a 220V network, it is necessary to take into account its main features:

  • it works without starting winding;
  • to start the motor does not need a starting capacitor.

To start the engine, it is necessary to connect the wires coming from it to the network in a certain way. Below are the schemes of connection of collector and brushless electric motors.

Connection scheme of the collector motor of the washing machine
Scheme connecting the brushless motor of the washing machine

First of all, define the "front of works", excluding contacts that go from the tacho generator and do not participate in the connection. They are recognized by means of a tester operating in the ohmmeter mode. After fixing the tool on one of the contacts, find the output paired to it with another probe. The resistance of the tachogenerator wires is about 70 Ohm. To find the pairs of the remaining contacts, ring them in the same way.

Now we turn to the most responsible stage of work. Connect the 220V wire to one of the winding outputs. The second output must be connected to the first brush. The second brush is connected to the remaining 220-volt wire. Plug the motor into the network to check its operation *.If you do not make mistakes, the rotor will start spinning. Keep in mind that with such a connection, it will move only one way. If the test run has passed without overlapping, the device is ready for operation.

To reverse the direction of the engine, the bridging should be reversed: the first one will be plugged in and the other connected to the winding output. Check the readiness of the motor for operation as described above.

Wiring diagram for the washing machine network

You can clearly see the connection process in the next video.

Washer of the old model

With the connection of the engine in older cars, the situation is more complicated.

First, determine the two matching pairs of pins. To do this, use a tester( it's also a multimeter).Having fixed the tool on one of the winding leads, find the other output by the other probe, paired with it. The remaining contacts automatically form the second pair.

Next, determine where the starting and where the working winding is located. Measure their resistance;a higher resistance will indicate a starting winding( PO), which creates an initial torque, a lower characteristic for the excitation winding( OB) creating a magnetic field of rotation.

Connection scheme for the engine of the old type washing machine

Below are the possible connections for a three-phase asynchronous motor, and a detailed video tutorial.

Schemes for connecting a three-phase asynchronous motor from a washing machine

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