Construction of a four-pitched roof - what are we dealing with?
Among the types of roofs the most durable are the roofs, which have a slope on four sides, in addition, these four-sloped roofs are very attractive and allow the installation of complex shapes. Depending on the layout of the building, they can be of two types.
In a square structure, four slopes form inclined sides of the same triangular shape. This option is called a four-pitch hipped roof. If the house has the shape of a rectangle, then the two end ramps remain triangular, and the skates on long walls take the form of trapezoids.
As triangles of stingrays at the ends are called hips, the entire species is also called a hip roof. In the places where the sides of the roof slopes intersect, inclined lines are formed. Convex joints are called ribs. Four-slope roofs can have more complex designs with protruding attic windows, etc. Such joints may have a hollow angle, called a razor blade or a valley.
Calculation of the parameters of a gable roof - careful work with the digits
Since at the base of any roof there are rafter structures - inclined supporting beams, which are then laid with decking( roofing) and roofing, the construction of a gable roof begins with a very accurate calculation on paper. Special care requires the definition of the properties of the corners of the rafter structure.
Theoretical calculation of a four-slope roof begins with giving an angle of inclination depending on climatic conditions of the zone. The rules recommend that if the area is characterized by periods of heavy rainfall, increase the slope. In general, the angle can be from ten to sixty degrees( correspondingly, the total consumption of materials increases).
After determining the slope, it is mathematically necessary to derive the height of the ridge. For this purpose, special tables are used with relative values depending on the inclination of the roof. The definition of height is to multiply the relative value by the value of half the width of the span of the house.
For example, for a 30 ° angle of inclination, the relative value of the table is 0.59.Then, with a house width of 10 meters, the height of the ridge will be the product of 5 by the specified coefficient, which is 2.95 m. At 25 ° slope, the coefficient is 0.47, and the height of the ridge for the same width will be 2.35 m.
ImportantEnsure the perpendicularity of the skate and rajet rails. This automatically ensures the correctness of the corner skates. This calculation of the parameters of a gable roof is made easier by providing a preliminary marking of the joints of the rafters on the walls.
For correct positioning of the ridge, its length is determined, at first approximately, then it is checked and corrected in case of inconsistency. This approximate value is subtracted from the length of the parallel wall of the house. The remainder is divided in half, the resulting size is checked from the edges of the end walls. If the figure is correct, then the calculation is fixed. Similarly, the correspondence of dimensions to the end walls is checked, the middle of the ridge beam is taken and the mark is determined in the center of each wall.
Now, having the values of length, height and width, all elements of the roof structure can be calculated geometrically. Knowing the general principle how to calculate a gable roof, it should be borne in mind that these rules will have small features for calculating parameters for different types of "four-slope".So, for a hipped roof, the lengths of the rafters on all skates will be determined by the length of the edges and faces.
For a tent-like view, this definition of the length of the rafters will be correct on the hips and portions of the side ramps from their outer rafters. Calculation of the amount of necessary roofing material includes the summation of the areas of the sides of the roof: four triangles for the hipped view and two triangular rays and two trapezoidal for the hip.
Four-tier roof with our own hands - we build correctly
The beginning of the work, before building a four-slope roof, will be laying a log or paved Mauerlatnaya structure( if rafters are made of wood).When using metal rafters, the Mauerlat is made of metal profile material. It is important to provide high-quality waterproofing( several layers of roofing material) between the wall and the base. The secure attachment of the Mauerlate to the walls is carried out by means of appropriate anchors.
At the stage of calculation and determination of how to make a gable roof, the structure of the trussed trusses, their shapes and dimensions, the order of assembly and the installation step, the method and materials for the roofing, the thermal insulation under the roof, etc., should be selected. That then the work did not stop suddenly because of the lack of some elements.
The installation of the sheath is carried out by installing roof trusses and rafter legs according to previously made calculations and marks. Assembly of farms is better done on a template. The use of various pasterns, crossbars and struts significantly increases the rigidity of each truss, rafter and the whole structure.
The construction of a four-pitch roof necessarily includes the execution of the lathing necessary for the roofing covering. How to do it is determined by the type of roofing used: from boards, poles or bars, etc. The design of the roofing depends on the roofing material.
Qualitative, though more costly, will be lathing from a parallel skate, with a step of half a meter, bruskov or planks, along which the flooring is covered with a wooden cover from the ridge to the overhang. For soft roofing materials, one or two layers of boards are made( preferably sheeted).Materials of the battens should be treated with antiseptics.
