Concrete porch: the characteristic of the object
The porch of concrete is a construction that adjoins the entrance to the house and looks like a small veranda. In the design there are steps, rails and additional finishing material. It is possible to erect this building using wooden beams, but they will significantly yield in strength and durability to such material as concrete. Of course, the concrete structure has its drawbacks in terms of higher costs of resources and energy. True, you can save on construction, if you do the installation work yourself.
When constructing a porch of concrete, attention should be paid to its dimensions: they must be in harmony with the overall dimensions of the house. The finishing of the building should be made of materials similar to the finishing of the facade of the house.
Calculation of the required materials in the construction of
After the design components of the porch have been determined, it is necessary to calculate the building materials that will be needed for the construction. This calculation includes the total volume of the porch plus the volume of the steps. It is best to make preliminary calculations on a scaled drawing. If in the works it is planned to use ready-made concrete blocks, then it is quite simple to calculate the total volume of the building. But in the case when concrete is planned to be mixed on the spot, the number of building materials should be calculated, proceeding from the following indices: for one cubic meter of concrete it is necessary:
- 340 kg of cement;
- 1.05 cubic meter of sand;
- 0.86 cubic meter of crushed stone.
In this case, take into account that for each stage it is necessary to use two bars of reinforcement.
Step-by-step description of the process of constructing the porch of concrete with your own hands
Step 1. Determination of the porch type
An important aspect of the work is the determination of the shape of the steps. On the size of these elements of the concrete porch, the usability of the entire structure can depend. The most convenient for walking will be wide steps. They can also be located in the middle of the structure or from its sides. If the steps are planned to build more than three, then it is necessary to think about the device of the handrail.
Step 2. Installation of formwork
Formwork is manufactured from boards or sheets of plywood. In height, it should be slightly larger than the porch, as about 30 centimeters will be buried under the ground.
- On each side, installed boards must be equipped with additional fasteners, which should be hammered into the ground by 20 centimeters. Planks to the basis of formwork must be fastened with nails with a double hat.
- Further between the fasteners and shields are installed spacers, which will lower the pressure of the solution and thereby enhance the stability of the structure.
- Next, you need to fill the bottom of the formwork with a layer of sand of 10 centimeters and well tamper with it.
Step 3.
reinforcement process Before starting the reinforcement process, it is necessary to lay a sanded bottom with a ruberoid. Then you can begin to strengthen the structure with reinforcement. On the middle porch it goes about 150-170 meters. With insufficient reinforcement, the structure may break down and cracks may appear.
Step 4. Pouring the
solution Once the reinforcement mesh is assembled, you can begin the process of pouring concrete. It is necessary to constantly water the concrete placed in the formwork with water so that it fills all the cracks. Also, the grouted solution should be rammed with the help of a rammer.
Step 5. Maturing of concrete
After the concrete has been poured, it is necessary to allow it to dry for a minimum of 4-5 days. However, this is not a time limit. In order for the concrete casting to reach its maximum strength, it needs to brew for 28 days.
Step 6. The process of facing
After the concrete has solidified, it is necessary to produce its decorative lining. It, as a rule, is selected in the tone of the facade of the building. It is necessary to take facing materials taking into account that the porch can be exposed to weather conditions.
