Technology of facing the oven with ceramic tiles

Recently, in order to impart an attractive and aesthetic appearance to an ungainly stove, ceramic tiles were increasingly used for facing stoves. At the same time, the correctness of the choice of suitable materials and the literacy of the installation have a significant impact on the final result of the cladding, so it is worth taking this very seriously at the preparatory stage.

Selection criteria for the tile for the

furnishing When selecting the facing material,not only the style of the interior, but also the correspondence of materials to the conditions of future exploitation. Therefore, choosing a fire-resistant tile, it is necessary to pay attention to the following parameters:

• maximum moisture absorption level up to 3%;
• thickness of tiles varies within 6-8 mm;
• coefficient of linear expansion is 7-8% relative to the density of the selected tile;
• availability of information on the absence of deformation in case of a sharp decrease / increase in temperature;
• absence in the tile of harmful elements released when the temperature is heated to 1000 ° C;
• high thermal conductivity, heat capacity;
• resistance to aggressive media;
• manufacturer's warranty for an operating period of up to 50 years.

The mismatch of a tile at least one parameter will soon cause the flaking of the tile from the base, the formation of cracks, heat loss and, as a result, lower heating efficiency.

Kinds of refractory ceramic tiles

Recently, ceramic tiles have been widely used for cladding ceramic tiles, the price of which is formed under the influence of the cost of its constituent components. However, in spite of all the variety of types of ceramic tiles, only the following types are suitable for facing the furnaces:

1. Terracotta tiles - are formed by pressing kaolin clay, followed by roasting at a temperature exceeding 1000 ° C.At the same time, clay is added to the clay to increase the thermal stability of the finished product, and various additives in the form of oxides of cobalt, manganese, iron, to create a tint spectrum. Terracotta tiles have a homogeneous highly porous structure, a relief unglazed surface with unobtrusive shades.

Advantages:

• no time deformation under the influence of large temperature fluctuations;
• resistance to fading;
• , when heated, there is no release of toxic substances;
• high strength with low weight, which does not require reinforcement when facing;
• the speed of heating the structure of the tile with a slow heat transfer allows a long time to maintain heat in the room;
• high vapor permeability, which prevents rapid destruction of tiles;
• simplicity of laying;
• durability.

The disadvantage of terracotta tiles is a rather high cost, although a wide range of color spectrum, along with the duration of operation, make the price factor unimportant.

2. Majolica - made in the same way as terracotta tiles, having the same set of advantages.

The distinctive features of majolica are:

• glazed surface;
• expressive relief;
• the presence of a drawing.

Due to the coating of the tile surface with a small layer of glaze, majolica can be used for facing the furnaces without fear of the possibility of cracks in the glazed coating.

3. Clinker tiles - is made by extruding from a variety of clay varieties in combination with chamotte, flux, mineral inclusions followed by roasting. Clinker tiles have a glazed or non-glazed surface with a slight relief.

Advantages:

• low porosity high-strength structure contributes to good heat transfer;
• low moisture absorption coefficient;
• excellent heat transfer properties;
• high frost, heat resistance;
• does not respond to significant temperature changes;
• environmentally friendly material, preventing the release of harmful compounds when heated;
• simplicity of care, installation;
• continuous operation.

Against the backdrop of all the advantages, with ceramic tiles facing the cost, and quite high, does not represent a special interest.

When cladding the stoves, use a non-glazed clinker tile, because the deformation of the finishing material is possible due to the different thermal expansion of the furnace walls and glazed clinker tiles.

4. Ceramic granite - is made of a composition that includes non-uniform clay, marble or granite chips, quartz sand, oxides of various metals, by pressing under high pressure. In the firing process, the temperature reaches 1200-1300 ° C, facilitating the sintering of the mass into a monolithic structure. Ceramic granite is characterized by a non-enameled surface, although glazed tiles are produced in a small amount. However, the smooth surface of ceramic granite is achieved not only by applying glaze, but also by polishing, which somewhat reduces the strength of the product.

Advantages:

• possibility of imitation for granite, clinker, terracotta;
• resistance to fading;
• high strength of the product prevents temporary deformation;
• resistance to surface cracking within a wide range of temperature fluctuations;
• the minimum moisture absorption, promoting application in the conditions of the raised humidity;
• frost resistance;
• durability.

Of all types of ceramic tiles, porcelain stoneware has a long period of use, along with the prevalence of quality characteristics and, accordingly, the cost.

5. Tiles - piece material made from special types of clay by firing at high temperatures. Tiles have a glossy glazed surface with a printed pattern, although a solid surface is no exception. In this case, the surface of the tiles is perfectly even or containing some relief or significant convexity and concavity.

A distinctive feature of tiles, from all types of tiled material, is the presence of a void on the underside of an element resembling an open box, which provides unique heat-saving properties.

Advantages:

• ecological cleanliness of the product;
• high resistance to sudden temperature fluctuations;
• moisture, frost resistance;
• non-susceptibility of mechanical deformation, under the influence of ultraviolet;
• high heat transfer coefficient;
• easy care;
• long operating period.

Extremely high cost did not give the tiles a special popularity. In addition, the installation of tiles is done only in the process of laying the furnace, i.e.it is simply impossible to clothe the already folded stove.

Ceramic facing technology for ceramic tiles

The entire lining process is divided into several stages, the sequence and completeness of which will be the key to the success of the final result.

Preparing the foundation

Preparatory work involves the performance of the dirtiest work on which the reliability of the adhesion of the tile to the surface of the furnace depends. In preparation, you need:

• thoroughly clean the surface of the plaster, paint up to the brick;

• make frequent incisions depth of about 2 cm if the stove has been painted and the removal of paint causes severe difficulty;
• to clear the seams between the brickwork to a depth of 1 cm using a metal brush or a grinder;
• wipe the surface with a damp cloth, removing dust and remaining debris;
• every 0.5 m in the inter-brick seams to drive in nails, or screw the anchors, leaving the distance to the surface about 5 mm to fix the mesh or wire;
• to install a ready-made mesh with cells 50x50 mm, or to build it from a wire, fixing by means of nails, anchors;

• mix a solution of sand, clay and cement in a ratio of 0.2: 3: 1, although you can use ready-made glue compounds( for example, Skanfixsuper);
• plaster the prepared solution with the entire surface of the furnace;

• check the verticality of corners, walls with a plumb line;
• , if necessary, apply an additional layer of mortar to reach straight surfaces, corners;
• wait until the plaster layer has completely dried and heat the oven;
• after the furnace has cooled down, you can start installing tiles.

Choosing the adhesive

The adhesive used for laying tiles does not necessarily have to be chosen the most expensive. The most important thing is that it is heat-resistant and withstood temperature changes without any change in the original appearance. At the moment, such brands of heat-resistant glue as Hercules, Ivsil Thermix, Ceresit are widely distributed, which differ somewhat in composition and in cost.

Ideal option is the purchase of facing tiles and glue in one store, where they immediately select the glue with respect to the chosen version of ceramic tiles.

Tile laying

Before the direct lining process, along the perimeter of the furnace, it is first necessary to use the level horizontally, using a level, to fix the rail so that the height from the top edge of the rail to the floor is equal to the height of the tile, taking into account the intertight seam.

The implementation of this procedure is due to the possible, albeit insignificant, unevenness of the floor, because of which the seams of the upper rows will be skewed, disrupting the aesthetic appeal of the facing furnace.

Tiling is performed in the following order, starting from the fixed strip:

• on the tile apply glue thickness of 2-5 mm and level with a notched trowel on the entire surface;

• attach to the wall and, turning a little tile from side to side, finally press down with your hands in the desired position;
• the next row in the tile stack in the same way;
• between the tiles to install suture crosses, providing the same width of the seam;

• , after the topmost row has been removed, remove the horizontal rail;
• try on the tile in height, cut if necessary, then apply glue and glue to the surface of the oven;
• the glue to dry thoroughly for 3 days.

Grouting

To fill the interlacing seams, you can choose a special grout in the tone of the facing material, or contrast with the base color of the tile, or you can use the composition with which to lay. Binding process:

• remove crosses;
• clean the seams of the remaining adhesive;
• wipe the surface with a damp cloth to prevent dust from entering the trowel;
• dilute the grout according to the instructions and mix thoroughly;
• for maximum filling of the suture space, it is necessary to compact the grout with the pressing movements of the hand using a rubber spatula;

• with the rounded end of the spatula to hold over the filled seam, giving a final appearance;
• after 2-3 hours wipe the surface with a damp cloth, removing traces of the remaining bark;
• after a day the surface of the tile can be washed with a soap solution, after which it should be allowed to dry completely.

As a result, what result is obtained when facing the furnaces with ceramic tiles, the video will tell again:

Useful advices

1. For external corners it is necessary to use solid tiles, and in the places of joining the stove with the wall the cut parts are quite suitable.
2. When cutting a sticky tape pasted onto the surface of the tile, it will prevent the formation of a chip when cutting off the required element.
3. Cut pieces are laid only after finishing the tiles with whole tiles.
4. Every 2 rows it is necessary to check the evenness of the laid tiles by means of a level, since the glued tiles can only be adjusted for 15 minutes, until the glue has seized.
5. Surplus of adhesive composition, found in the seams, must be removed immediately with a narrow spatula.
6. Addition of ordinary salt( 1 bucket of glue + 1 kg of salt) to the adhesive composition provides an obstacle to rapid evaporation of moisture, increasing the time for adjusting the position of the laid tiles.
7. To start heating the stove is better a little, in 1-2 weeks, so that the finishing materials gradually get used to the temperature increase. Otherwise, a sharp drop in high temperatures may cause the tile to peel off the surface of the furnace.

After the cladding of the stoves with ceramic tiles, photos of which are presented in the article, the oldest furnace takes the form of a new design, pleasing its owner with the result.