The roof hipped roof system has its own design features, which distinguish it from other types of truss systems used in the construction of houses of different number of storeys.
In general, this type of roof is considered one of the most reliable structures, which is able to effectively protect the building from various external influences.
The roof system of this roof is a series of rafters and other elements of the structure that can be additionally equipped with a mansard or bay windows.
An important point in designing a hip roof is a drawing that must be compiled according to all the rules and take into account all the elements of the structure.
Also at the stage of designing the structure and directly the hip type of the roof, a calculation should be carried out, which will take into account the loads on the supports, the elements of the rafters and other structural units.
Assembling the hip roof structure, provided that the correct calculation and the corresponding drawing is available, can be carried out by hand, and more details about this process can be seen in the video that is placed below.
In order to build a hip roof with your own hands, you need to thoroughly understand the structure of the hip roof.
Regardless of the design of the roof truss system, the first thing to do is mauerlat.
It is this element that takes over all the main load from the roof and evenly distributes it along the perimeter of the walls.
Also in order for the roof to be reliable and strong, before installing the Mauerlat, it is necessary to equip the reinforcing belt along the perimeter of the walls.
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This important element will add strength to the structure and help strengthen the load-carrying capacity of the erected walls of the house.
When adjusting the reinforcement belt and the Mauerlat, it is important to maintain a horizontal evenness along the entire perimeter of the house, since only in this case all the supports of the roof structure will evenly distribute all external loads among themselves.
Also before the beginning of work it is necessary to be defined and with type of constructed skates, and also their design features.
When constructing a hip roof, as a rule, several different types of rafters are used.
So, it will be necessary to equip the diagonal, angular and central rafters, each of which will subsequently perceive the different types of loads, the calculation of which is carried out in the preliminary stage.
In turn, the calculation of the height of the future roof and the angles of its inclination is made taking into account the average wind strength, the expected amount of precipitation, and the selected roofing material.
All nodes of the hip roof rafter system are assembled from a bar with certain dimensions.
For these purposes it is better to use a coniferous tree with a minimum number of twigs, pre-treated with special protective compounds.
The scheme of such a roof is made taking into account a variety of factors, which in one way or another may affect its design.
Some kinds of hip roofs can be seen on the photos that are placed below.
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Design features
The popularity of hip roofs can be explained by the fact that it has high strength characteristics, as well as durability and original appearance.
Many choose this design in view of its specific configuration, which gives the structure an interesting appearance.
In addition, this form of roofing makes it possible to additionally equip the loft space with a comfortable room, including a residential one.
Due to the fact that the design of the hip roof is streamlined, it perfectly withstands wind loads, and its skate has a reliable protection, even with strong gusts.
The classic design of this roof consists of four separate ramps that have a certain slope on each side of the house.
In this case, two skates are taken as side, and the other two are located directly between them.
In this roof there are two separate vertices, which are joined together by means of a ridge.
In a similar roof, two ramps are executed in the form of a right trapezoid directly over long diagonals, in turn those that pass along the end have the form of a triangle.
Any hip roof necessarily consists of a certain number of elements.
It consists of a ridge beam that performs the functions of the axle carrier and is the highest point of the roof.
Also at any hip roof there are corner rafters, which are the main power elements, which rigidly connect all the corners of the structure and the skate.
In addition, the construction of the roof includes short rafter elements, resting directly on the Mauerlat, as well as the so-called ordinary frame, the number of which always has the same value, equal to six.
Each individual hip roof element has its own function, in addition, for each of them an individual calculation of the permissible load is carried out.
In the photo below you can see the classic version of the hip roof near the house.
Types of roofs of hip type
Like all other types of roofs, hips can be of different configuration and shape.
So, if its design ends slightly above the location of the side rails, then it is customary to call it Dutch or Danish.
This version of the roof is rare enough because of its complex design features.
The most common variant of this type of roof is the hipped roof. In this case, the slopes have the same shape, and the side elements are completely absent.
It should be noted that the hip roof can be equipped only if the building has the right square shape.
Each type of hip roof has its own characteristics, which invariably affect its design, and accordingly, the presence of certain elements.
Very often there are hip roofs in various variations, complemented by all sorts of broken lines and architectural elements of decorative purposes.
In this case, an unusual form of roofing is obtained by using ramps with different geometric dimensions, as well as located at different angles.
The roof data in the design is difficult to perform, however, they have an effective and original appearance.
Calculation of loads on the elements of such roofs should be made as accurately as possible, since in this case it is difficult to predict the effect of certain external parameters.
Breaking hip roofs without proper experience is difficult to build by hand.
In the photo below you can see the performance of hip-type roofs.
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Necessary calculations for
If it is decided to make a roof of the hip type, then it is necessary to correctly calculate all its structural elements with your own hands.
First of all, the slope angle of each ramp is chosen, for which the load from wind and snow should be taken into account. In addition, the height of the ridge and the length of the slope are calculated separately.
Also it is necessary to calculate the parameters of hip rafters, and with maximum accuracy.
Only after these parameters have been correctly calculated, it is possible to proceed with the design of the project, as well as calculate the total area of the roof, which will help you get an idea of the amount of materials required for work.
You can calculate the total roof area only if you know the corresponding parameters of the hips themselves, as well as the trapezoid ramps.
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All this is calculated mathematically, for which it is necessary to remember the school course of geometry.
Having obtained all the necessary quantities and adding them together, it will be possible to find out the total area of the roof that is being built.
All these calculations should be carried out without fail, as this will help correctly design the structure of the roof frame and find out the amount of material that will be required when carrying out the relevant work.
Assembling the roofing system
Having thoroughly studied the structure of the gutter system of the hip roof, having prepared the design and all the necessary material for its erection, it is possible to start construction by yourself.
The first step is to install the rafters on top of the Mauerlat. Then the skate is marked and arranged, while making its stands as stiff as possible.
After this, all rafters are assembled.
These rafters should be exposed as flat as possible, both horizontally and vertically.
In turn, in order to assemble the diagonal rafters, you will have to join several boards together.
It should be borne in mind that the frame from the rafters should extend slightly beyond the walls of the house. In the video below, you can see how the truss system for the hip roof is calculated.
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Special attention should be paid to the installation of intermediate rafters. These rafters are assembled among themselves according to certain rules in the form of a special design.
The total number of intermediate rafters is calculated taking into account the total length of the building. An important point is also the connection of the rafters directly to the ridge beam.
At the final stage, the assembly of corner rafters. The whole rafter system must be reinforced with additional elements.
Horizontal racks are exposed to the rigidity of the rafters. For more information on how to assemble a roofing system for a hipped roof, see the video below.
