Deep drainage - when is it necessary?
It is worthwhile to think about the fact that deep drainage is required on your site if it is bogged or located in a place with excessive moisture. For example, if the site is in the lowland, then no good drainage system can not do, because all the melt and rainwater will drain into the lowland. Before the construction of an apartment house, the level of groundwater is compulsorily checked.
If they do not flow deep enough, then the risk of undermining the foundation of the house and the same bogging of the site, decaying the roots of the planted plants, etc., is great. The quality of the soil is also crucial, since if clay predominates in it, even with a small amount of precipitation, your site can turn into one large puddle.
So, if you have discovered one or several factors that determine the need to lay deep drainage system and decided to install it, then you can solve the following important tasks:
- Protection not only of the foundation of your house, but also of the engineering communications laid in the ground.
- Preventing the penetration of groundwater into the basement and basement rooms.
- Decrease in humidity level not only on the site, but also in the house itself, especially on the ground floor.
- Prevent erosion of soil, its swelling, subsidence of the landscape and death of the root system of trees, bushes and other plants.
- Reducing the risk of the appearance and reproduction in your area of pathogens, insects( mosquitoes and midges) and even frogs.
Closed drainage - its main elements
So, the device of underground drainage is a complex of measures aimed at laying buried in the ground perforated pipes to absorb excessive moisture and installation of drainage wells for their maintenance. In addition to drainage pipes and wells, one of the main and most functional elements of the system are drainage tunnels.
They are designed to remove rainwater and filter it before discharge into the well. Such tunnels contain a lot of water in comparison with gravel trenches, therefore their use in places of parking of cars is most justified.
Modern drainage tunnels can withstand a load of approximately 3 tons per 1 m2!
However, the basis of the deep drainage system, nevertheless, are drainage pipes. Just a few years ago they were made of ceramics or asbestos-cement, but today they are replaced by practical, easy and convenient to install plastic. Modern perforated pipes perform simultaneously two functions - the reception of water and its diversion.
This ensures proper water balance in your area and minimizes the risk of negative consequences associated with excessive soil moisture. If in the immediate vicinity of your house there is a natural reservoir or other place where the discharged water can be discharged, you can consider that you are lucky. The only nuance that you will have to take care of is the preliminary cleaning of the water.
If there is no such receiver, then it is necessary to install drainage wells. These are special containers that are buried in the ground and absorb the moisture collected by the drainage pipes.
If your site is small in size and the degree of flooding is not too great, then it is quite possible to manage one well. Otherwise, they may need several pieces. With the help of drainage wells, not only the distribution of water in the system takes place, but also the control over its functioning.
Deep drainage device - observe the technology of
work. The closed drainage can be laid in accordance with one or another scheme. Most often, pipes are laid along the perimeter of the land plot, at its center or diagonally. Another way to install a drainage system is to lay pipes with herringbone. This allows you to quickly and efficiently collect water from the area of the entire site, not allowing it to over-wet.
For the laying of drainage pipes it is necessary to dig a trench of appropriate depth. As a rule, it depends on the quality of the soil and the depth of the groundwater. So, for clay soils, the optimum depth of the pipe laying is 60-70 cm, and for sandy soils - about 1 meter. Digging trenches and laying pipes, respectively, is carried out under a slight inclination towards the water basin( drainage well), which allows water to flow easily into it without any intervention.
Before laying the drainage pipes on the bottom of the trench, sand-gravel "cushion" is spread!
The deep drainage device then assumes that the laid pipes are filled with crushed stone and sand. On them is dug up the ground dug out, and the turf is stacked. Thus, you get an effective closed( hidden in the thickness of the soil) drainage system of your site. Specialists say that with the installation of drainage, you may encounter a number of problems, but many of them are easily eliminated, but will require additional costs.
For example, if there is no possibility of laying pipes under a slope, you will have to purchase and install a drain pump. But these costs will pay off fairly quickly, and quality drainage will please you with your work for a long time.
