How to make wiring in the garage?

The technology of installing electrical wiring in the garage differs significantly from the variant with an apartment or a house. Whatever one may say, the work will still require the help of a qualified specialist who will bring electricity from the pole to the dashboard, and also connect a transformer, a meter and circuit breakers. Do without the help of a professional electrician will not work, becauseit is necessary to have a license for working with a high voltage for an external cable branch from a central power line.

The cost of installing electricity made by a specialist can noticeably hit your pocket, but if you independently conduct electricity inside the garage, the electrician will only have to connect you to a common network. Self-wiring the line has several significant advantages. First, you will save your own money. Well, in the second place, you have to practice in electrical work.

It is also recommended that you pay an experienced electrician so that after finishing the wiring in the garage, he checked the connection quality and the correctness of the work you have done. The amount will be insignificant, but you will not worry about safety again.

Creating an

circuit Before you proceed to preparing the walls, you must carefully draw up a wiring diagram for the wiring in the garage. On the diagram it is necessary to indicate the place of input of the power cable inside, the place of installation of the switchboard, as well as the places of installation of bulbs, lamps and sockets.

To independently draw the wiring diagram, we recommend that you take into account the following requirements:

• The track must pass strictly vertically and horizontally along the walls. The rotation is carried out only at a right angle.
• For safety reasons from mechanical damage, the wiring is carried out at a distance of 10-15 cm from the ceiling and at a distance of at least 15 cm from the heating pipes.
• The switch is recommended to be fastened at a distance of 10-15 cm from the door jamb, at a height of 1.5meter from the ground.
• Installation of sockets is carried out at a height of 60 cm from the floor. It is recommended to place one outlet on 6 sq.m.or every 4 m.
• If an inspection pit is provided in the garage or the basement, the switch and socket must necessarily be moved out of this zone. This is due to the fact that in the pit and the basement there is a high humidity.
• It is recommended to install circuit breakers and RCDs separately for lighting and sockets. If you suddenly have to repair the socket, you can do it with the light on.
• For the inspection pit, it is necessary to install 12-volt lighting fixtures( enough even one).To do this, in the wiring diagram, turn on the step-down transformer, which will be installed in the electrical panel, where the switch is.
  

  Lighting in the inspection hole

• Be sure to install three-phase wiring in the garage. A "grandfather's" single-phase network may not survive. If the same option with 220 V is more suitable for you, select the cable section correctly, so that it can withstand current loads from the welding machine and other powerful devices.

To your attention, visual diagrams( without inspection hole):

With inspection pit:

The last version of the installation, we examined in more detail in the article: the wiring diagram in the garage!

It should be noted that it is best to use a construction plan( if there is one) to create a scheme. In this document, the drawing is observed with all the exact dimensions, which will be convenient for creating the right design.

Calculation of the number of materials

After the schema is created, it is necessary to proceed to the next stage - counting the number of materials. First we count the number of cables. Wiring in the garage will be both internal and external( from the post to the meter), so you need to purchase materials for all types of work. For the installation of an external power line it is recommended to use copper cores, section not less than 10 mm.kv.

We draw your attention to the fact that the product with aluminum conductors is not recommended. Firstly, a larger cross-section of wires is needed, and secondly, aluminum is not so elastic, so it is more often subjected to mechanical damage!

To correctly calculate the cross-section of the cable, it is necessary to determine exactly which electrical appliances will be installed indoors. The total power of all electrical appliances should be multiplied by a factor of "1.2"( 20% power reserve), on the basis of which, according to the table, choose the appropriate value. For sockets in the garage it is recommended to use veins, section not less than 4 mm.kv. It is enough for circuit-breakers 1,5 mm.kv.

As for the length, we must take it with a reserve, since.the conductor will be cut into pieces( from the socket to the switchboard, from the switch to the lamp, etc.).For each connection it is necessary to take a stock of 10-15 cm( to connect the wires together).

Calculate the exact number of outlets in the garage. They must be at least 2х.One for the extension( in case of machine repair), and the second for a stationary electrical appliance( eg, a compressor or a welding machine).The switch will be two: one for the inspection pit, the second for the main lighting. If necessary, you can add more switches.

Special attention should be paid to the fixtures. Nowadays, LED and luminescent lamps are popular. The first option is more economical and durable, but at the same time more expensive.

If an open wiring in the garage is to be installed, it is also necessary to calculate the number of fixtures, corrugations or cable ducts. We do not recommend installing the wiring in a hidden way, becauseit is more labor-intensive and is unlikely to improve the interior of the room. After all the elements have been calculated, go to the main process.

Basic process

The installation of the wiring in the garage consists of three main stages:

• preparation;
• outdoor gasket;
• internal wiring.

Let's consider in detail each of the stages, so you know how to make wiring in the garage from A to Z on your own.

Preparatory work for

Preparatory work consists of cutting the cable and preparing the walls. Cutting is carried out taking into account the stock of length( as we have already said, not less than 10 cm for each joint).Further, the walls are marked according to the created scheme. For marking, you can use a marking cord. The layout of the cord is the most simple and effective. It is necessary to fix the cord at the starting point( as shown in the photo below), then extend it to the next branch or the end point of the wiring. Next, the cord is stretched along the wall, removed to the side and sharply released. As a result, a painted print must remain on the wall, which will be a markup. The main task is to tighten the cord strictly vertically( or horizontally), so that the trace corresponds to the markings on the diagram. To do this, you can use a plumb line and a building level. Also there is an option to make a laser level with your own hands, which will help to mark out the walls for wiring in the garage.

After marking the wall, it is necessary to prepare shtroby for wiring( with the internal way of laying).

Usually this option is used when installing electrical wiring in a concrete garage with their own hands. It should be noted that the line can also be put through the technological opening between the slabs, but not always this option exists.

It is recommended to use a grinder with a disc for concrete or a perforator for wall-cutting. If this tool is not found at hand, the chisel and the hammer help you. The depth of the stunt should not be more than 2 cm, the thickness is selected in accordance with the section of the vein, but also no more than 2 cm. When the whole route is represented by stitches, you can proceed further.

We draw your attention to the fact that in a brick garage, you can hide the wiring in the seams between the rows( as shown in the photo), so as not to be involved in the creation of the shtrobe!

It is also necessary to make grounding during the preparatory work.

Street work

The external wiring harness must be handled by an electrician. First, you select the method of external cable routing. It is recommended to use the air way, becauseit is less expensive and time consuming. If the distance from the street post to the garage is more than 25 meters, take care of creating an intermediate support in the yard.

Air Lines There are some requirements for the air wiring of the wiring:

• the height above the carriageway is not less than 6 meters;
• height above the pedestrian zone - no less than 3.75 meters;
• the height of entry into the room is not less than 2.75 meters.

The latter requirement can create some problems, becausegarage is a low construction, and when building a power line through the roof, many problems can arise( the complexity of the waterproofing of the premises, the high risk of mechanical damage, etc.).

In this case, it is recommended to install a tubing near the pipe - a steel pipe slightly curved at the top( as shown in the picture).

When underground wiring harness to the garage, such difficulties do not arise. It is only necessary to dig a trench( from the central power line to the switchboard) and place an armored copper cable in it. The main thing beforehand in the foundation is to leave the inlet for entering inside. To protect the product from mechanical damage, it is recommended to place it in a special steel box, on top of which is added a rubber band with the inscription "Do not dig, below the cable".Under the foundation, the line must be protected with a pipe whose diameter is twice the cross-section of the core. Outside the pipe should not extend more than 5 cm.

Lack of underground installation of the wiring in the garage: the high cost of armored cable, as well as the laboriousness of work. Despite the cost, this method is more durable.

Indoor gasket

Internal installation of a garage wiring is not difficult. We will consider a laying of conducting of the latent and open type.

Hidden method

When wiring in a hidden way, it is necessary to put the cable in the stems and fix it. For fixing, special plastic clamps or metal clips are used.

It is recommended to use the grandfather's method of fixing the cable with alabaster. The mortar is picked up every 25-30 cm.

After this, it is necessary to install junction boxes, as well as connect sockets and switches. Further, all the wires are connected, and the wiring of the wiring in the garage is carried out with a multimeter. We draw your attention to the fact that the connection must be made only with the help of terminal blocks. They are inexpensive and very reliable. If problems do not arise and the wiring is diluted according to the rules, plaster the walls and wait for them to dry.

We strongly recommend that you take a picture of the wiring before the walls are finished. This will allow you to quickly find the places of passage of the faulty section of the network( although for this it is better to use a homemade metal detector).

External method

If you decide to conduct wiring in a wooden or iron garage, then the line must be opened. This is much easier and more convenient, because if you need to connect a new outlet, you do not need to cut the wall from the installation box to a new "point".

Open wiring, as a rule, stretches in special channels. They do not spoil the appearance of the room and are safe( if the fabrication material of the channels is self-extinguishing).It is also possible to use the mount on isolated supports, but in this case the aesthetic appearance of the room will suffer a little, and the safety will decrease.

That's the whole technology of installing electrical wiring in the garage with your own hands. Do not forget at the end of the work to call an electrician, that he would check everything.

As you can see, the process of installing the wiring in the garage is time-consuming, but it does not represent anything supernatural, so even you, an electrician-novice, can become effective! You can also get acquainted with the video, in which all kinds of work are provided more clearly:

We recommend also to look through the technology of wiring installation in the bath!