Immediately after the purchase of the site, the question arises of the supply of communications. First of all it concerns electricity, since without light it is difficult to imagine the construction and the further operation of absolutely any house. Despite the seeming simplicity, this issue requires detailed consideration, otherwise problems will arise later, which will be difficult to eliminate.
Contents
- Theoretical aspects of connecting electricity to a private house
- Drawing up documents for connecting electricity to a private house
- Calculating the load on an electrical network
- Electricity connection to a private house
- How much does it cost to connect electricity to a house
- How to connect electricity to a house
Theoretical aspects of connecting electricityto the private house
In order to systematize the procedure, it is logical to make an action plan:
- formal stage,
- load calculation,
- component selection,
- connection.
The formal stage involves preparing the necessary documents and obtaining permission in the relevant authorities.
Load calculation is necessary in order to correctly select the necessary components. Cable, protective devices, mini-transformer and other elements differ in the first place in terms of physical properties, so a high price does not guarantee a high-quality power supply.
The connection process is also quite important. First, there are certain requirements, for violation of which you will have to pay a fine, and secondly, incorrect connection is fraught with unpleasant consequences.
Registration of documents for connecting electricity to a private house
If you connect electricity from a pole without collecting the necessary package of certificates and permits, a check will soon come and will pay a fine of 30,000 rubles.and more. Therefore, it is necessary to begin with a campaign in the corresponding RES.
To conclude the contract you will need:
- passport,
- certificate of ownership,
- site survey report.
Depending on the region, other information may be required. The inspection report is made by the district engineer after inspecting the site and making sure that there are no signs of unauthorized connection of electricity.
If it is necessary to connect electricity to a dacha located in a summer cottage cooperative or a village, it is necessary to clarify the procedure for registering documents with the local council or with the chairman of the cooperative. In both cases RES is concluding a collective agreement with specific conditions for connection of consumers.
The presence of a permit allows you to go directly to the electricity connection. Since this work in most cases is required to do full-time electricians, it is advisable to install a mini-transformer on the site. Thus, the team will supply the transformer, set the counter. The rest of the work is done by yourself.
The benefit of this method is substantial savings. The fact is that for laying cables and connecting the house, the electricians of the RES will take a high fee. In addition, they will be obliged to buy from them a cable at an inflated price, while its quality will be far from ideal.
In the case of a 380 V transformer in 220 V, electricians will be required to use high-quality cable according to the regulations. In addition, the personal transformer will reduce the voltage drops to a minimum and significantly increase the maximum permissible load.
Calculation of the load on the electrical network
It is not enough to connect the house to electricity, it is also necessary to correctly calculate the amount of energy consumed. Otherwise, the constant switching off of light will become the norm. Although the standards set a power standard of 4.5 kW, this figure does not meet modern requirements.
- washing machine,
- boiler,
- refrigerator,
- electric cooker,
- electric oven,
- iron,
- electric kettle,
- vacuum cleaner,
- multiwire,
- blender,
- microwave oven.
This is the list of only the most powerful household appliances, the total load of which is more than 15 kW.Naturally, it is not assumed that all these devices will be switched on simultaneously, but in practice very many of them have to be used in a joint mode.
Experts recommend making a power reserve of 10 kW.Get permission for such a figure in the RES is unrealistic, so you need to take a standard contract, and the wiring is done by the mind.
Accessories for connecting electricity to a private house
The main is a cable. When choosing it, it is important to remember that aluminum, although cheaper, is inferior in all respects to copper. Therefore, for a house in which it is planned to live permanently, it is better to buy a copper cable immediately.
Since the maximum power we chose at 10 kW, the main cable that will go from the transformer to the switchboard should have a cross section of 6 mm. It is important to know that the cable laid open has a higher throughput than the one that lies in the ground. Therefore, a cable with a cross section of 8 mm must be used for laying in the pipe.
Do not be afraid of the cost of this product, firstly, it needs only 10-20 m, and secondly, it is still much cheaper than changing all the wiring and buying new appliances.
Next comes the most interesting part. According to technological requirements, the counter must be preceded by a pre-account automaton. As a rule, it is put by the electricians themselves, but the seal is not fixed. Therefore, it can be replaced on its own. At a maximum load of 10 kW, the current in the wire reaches a value of 50 A. Standard automata go to 16 A. It is necessary to replace their inside on the inside of the machine by 50 A. In this case, the exterior of the body will not differ, but inside the machine in fullwill suit the requests.
The counter is placed on the output current of 220 V. Therefore, the preset automatic machine of the required value will not be allowed to be delivered. On the other hand, if you spend on a counter, designed for 380 V, then the problem with the pre-account automaton is to decide by itself. A good option - automatic switches AP-50.
Next, you must select a switchboard. The main criterion is that it must protect the wiring from negative environmental factors. Especially if the distributor is installed on the street. Optimum fit plastic boxes. Metal to use is inexpedient because of the susceptibility to corrosion.
Next, you need to install the credentials and connect the motherboard cable. The number of machines is determined by the number of rooms plus a boiler and air conditioning, if they are provided. Electric heating, also requires a separate machine. The principle of connecting each room to a separate machine allows you to evenly distribute the load and in a certain way saves the budget.
If we are talking about the kitchen, it is clear that there is the lion's share of electricity consumers. Therefore, you need to take the same cable with a cross section of 6 mm. For the rest, a cable with a cross section of 2.5 mm is suitable. Sometimes all the lighting is put on a separate machine. In practice, this is not convenient, because due to one light bulb in the entire house, the lighting will go out.
The power of the account machines increases in the same way as it is done in pre-accounting.
How much does it cost to connect electricity to the house
There is no sense in making a review of the cost of the various brigades, because prices vary depending on the mood of the superintendent. Therefore, consider only objective investments:
- cable with a cross section of 6 mm - from 30 rubles.for 1 m.
- cable with a cross section of 2.5 mm - from 12 rubles.for 1 m.
- pre-account machine - from 300 rubles.
- accounting machines - from 90 rubles.
- switchboard - from 600 rubles.
- costs for processing documents - 1 000-3 000 rubles. The price is indicated taking into account possible nuances.
For approximate calculations we use standard parameters:
- cable 6 mm need 20 m, the cost of 600 rubles.,
- cable with a cross section of 2.5 mm is necessary 45 m, the cost of 540 rubles.,
- accountants 7 pcs., Cost 270 rubles.,
- total about 5,000 rubles.
Prices are for goods sold in construction markets. When buying in a construction hypermarket, the cost will be slightly higher. In addition, not all RESs make the connection of new consumers a problem, so this article costs when luck goes.
How to connect electricity to the house
Now go to the main thing. Cable with a cross-section of 6 mm or 8 mm refers to power. It is desirable that it be three monolithic wires, ground, phase and zero. This option is more expensive than the cross section of thin wiring, but it is more reliable. Connection procedure:
- clean the ends,
- connect the wire to the meter,
- draw the air or underground line, remember that the cable needs to be supported every 20 m.,
- to lower or lift the cable to the switchboard,
- connect it to the relay formachines.
If the relay does not come with the switchboard, then you need to buy it separately. It is important that it is designed for a current strength of 50 A or more.
Next, the machines are installed. They are connected directly to the relay. Less often, when regular electricians installed the meter directly in the switchboard, the power cable is fed to the meter, and already from it are connected automata. For this, a cable with a cross section of 2.5 mm is used.
Next, the cable is pre-laid out. The mother cable must consistently supply all switches and sockets in the room. For remote lighting fixtures, a cable with a cross section of 1 mm is required. Its cost is not great, so it does not affect the total budget.
After laying the cable, lines of the air conditioner, boiler and electric heating are displayed in all rooms. If there is still space on the counter, then they put the spare machine and extend from it an additional line to the children's room or living room. Here, more often than other rooms, there is an additional load on the grid. The machine is turned off at the meter, and the cable is hidden in the wiring tray, which is closed with cardboard, and then either plastered or covered with wallpaper. The place of exit must be marked.
Once all the wires are connected, the pre-account automat is activated. Modern meters are equipped with an indicator LED, which shows the presence of voltage in the network. If the light is on, then there is light. Before switching on the account machines, you need to wait 1-2 minutes for the current to warm up the cable and distribute it evenly over it.
Autotransfers are switched on in turn. At the moment of switching on they create an increased load. Although this lasts only a few milliseconds, the simultaneous inclusion of all automata will lead to a multiple increase in the load and the shutdown or burnout of the pre-account automaton.
After the first power-up, it is necessary to turn off each machine and turn it back on. This is done in order to verify the integrity of the mechanisms. Sometimes after the first on-off, the machine either flips off or turns on only after several attempts. This is clear evidence that it is defective and is subject to replacement.
After reconnecting, the electrical network is ready for operation. If the submitted recommendations were observed, there will be no problems with the wiring for 50-60 years.
