Rocket furnace own drawings and manufacturing process

The rocket oven with its own hands, drawings that most household craftsmen would like to have in their archive, can be made, in principle, even for one day, as its design is quite simple. If you have the skills to work with tools, read the drawings, the necessary materials are stored, then it will not be difficult to make a simple stove of this type. It should be noted that it can be made from a variety of materials that can be found at hand, but much will depend on where the furnace is planned for installation. The rocket furnace has a slightly different operating principle, and can be either stationary or portable.

Stationary rocket-stoves are installed inside the house along the walls or on a designated area for cooking in the courtyard of the house. If the oven is installed indoors, then it is able to heat the room, up to 50 square meters.m.

Portable versions of rocket furnace usually have very small size and easily fit in the trunk of the car. Therefore, when traveling, for example, to a picnic or to a dacha, such a stove will help to boil water and prepare dinner. And the fuel consumption in the rocket-furnace is quite small, as it can be used even dry branches, lunches or bunches of grass.

operating principle of the rocket type

Despite the simplicity of the rocket-furnace device, its design uses two principles of operation, which the developers borrowed from other types of furnaces operating on solid fuels. So, for its effective work the following principles are taken:

• The principle of free circulation of gases separated from the fuel by created furnace channels, without forced creation of the chimney draft.
• The principle of afterburning of pyrolysis gases released during the combustion of fuel in the mode of insufficient oxygen supply.

In the simplest designs of rocket ovens, which are used only for cooking, only the first principle of operation can operate, since it is rather difficult to create the necessary conditions for the course of pyrolysis and the organization of gas aftergathering in them.

To understand the designs and understand how they work, you need to consider in turn some of them.

The simplest design of the rocket stove

To begin with, it is worth considering the simplest device of a direct-burning rocket furnace. As a rule, such devices are used only for heating water or for cooking, and exclusively in the open air. As can be seen from the figure below, there are two pieces of pipe connected by a branch at a right angle.

The furnace for this design of the furnace is the horizontal part of the pipe, fuel is put into it. Often, the furnace has a vertical load - in this case for the manufacture of a simple stove, three elements are used - these are two pipes of different heights, mounted vertically and connected from below by a common horizontal channel. The lower pipe will serve as a furnace. To produce a stationary version of the simplest design, a brick is often used, which is installed on a heat-resistant solution.

To achieve a higher efficiency, the furnace was improved and additional elements appeared, for example, the steel pipe was installed in a casing, which strengthens the heating of the structure.

1 - external metal body of the furnace.

2 - pipe - furnace chamber.

3 - channel formed by a bridge under the fuel chamber and intended for free passage of air into the combustion area.

4 - the space between the pipe( riser) and the housing, densely filled with a heat-insulating compound, for example, ash.

Furnace heating is as follows. First, a light combustible material is laid in the firebox, for example, paper, and when it inflames, chips or other basic fuel are thrown into the fire. As a result of the intense combustion process, glowing gases are formed, rising along the vertical channel of the pipe and outward. At the open section of the pipe and install a container for boiling water or cooking.

An important condition for the burning rate of fuel is the creation of a gap between the pipe and the installed capacity. If, however, its hole is completely blocked, the combustion inside the structure will cease, since there will be no draft, which ensures the supply of air to the combustion area and raises the heated gases upwards. In order to avoid this problem, a removable or stationary stand for the container is installed on the upper edge of the pipe.

This diagram shows a simple design, on the loading aperture of which the door is installed. And for creating the thrust a special channel is provided, which forms the bottom wall of the combustion chamber and welded at a distance of 7 ÷ 10 mm from it a plate. Even when the door of the furnace is completely closed, the supply of air does not stop. In this scheme, the second principle also starts to work: without the active access of oxygen to the burning firewood, the pyrolysis process can begin, and the continuous supply of "secondary" air will promote the burning of the released gases. But for a fully-fledged process, there is still one more important condition - the high-quality thermal insulation of the secondary afterburner chamber, since certain temperature conditions are necessary for the combustion of gases.

1 - the air duct in the combustion chamber, through which the blowing is carried out with the furnace door closed;

2- zone of the most active heat exchange;

3 - the ascending flow of hot gases.

Video: version of the simplest RBT furnace from the old

cylinder. Advanced design of the

The design for cooking and for heating the room is equipped not only with a furnace door and a second housing that serves as a good external heat exchanger,but also by the upper cooking surface. Such a rocket stove can already be installed inside the premises of the house, and a chimney from it is taken out to the street. After carrying out such modernization of the furnace, its efficiency grows substantially, since the device acquires a lot of useful properties:

• Due to the second outer housing and heat-resistant insulation materials that thermally insulate the main furnace tube( riser), the hermetic closure of the upper part of the structure, the heated air keeps the heatfor much longer.

rocket furnace

• A channel for secondary air supply was installed in the lower part of the hull, successfully carrying out the necessary blowing, for which the open-top furnace was used in the simplest design.
• The smoke pipe in a closed structure is not located on top, as in a simple rocket furnace, but in the lower rear of the shell. Due to this, the heated air does not go directly to the chimney, but gets the opportunity to circulate through the internal channels of the device, heating, especially the hob, and then diverging inside the housing, ensuring its heating. In turn, the outer shell gives heat to the surrounding air.

In this scheme, the entire operation of the furnace is clearly visible: in the fuel tank( item 1), the fuel is preheated( position 2) in the "A"- this is regulated by the flap( key 3).The resulting hot pyrolysis gases enter the end of the horizontal fire channel( post 5), where they are afterburned. This process passes through good thermal insulation and the continuous supply of "secondary" air "B" through a specially designed channel( pos.4).

Next, hot air rushes into the inner tube of the structure, called the riser( key 7), it rises up to the ceiling of the hob, which is the hob( item 10), ensuring its high temperature heating. Then the gas flow passes through the space between the riser and the outer drum casing( key 6), allowing the body to heat up for further heat exchange with air in the room. Then the gases fall down and only then go into the chimney( position 11).

To ensure maximum heat emission from the fuel and to provide the necessary conditions for the complete combustion of pyrolysis gases, it is important to maintain the highest and stable temperature in the riser channel( item 7). To do this, the riser pipe is encased in another larger diameter pipe -8), and the space between them is tightly clogged with a heat-resistant mineral composition( item 9), which serves as a thermal insulation( a kind of lining).For these purposes, for example, a mixture of kiln clay clay with chamotte sand( in a ratio of 1: 1) can be used. Some masters prefer this space is very densely filled with sifted sand.

Increasing the efficiency of heat extraction in

rocket stoves To increase the efficiency of the rocket furnace, other designs with more efficient heat extraction have been developed, both for indoor use and for indoor use - for space heating or water heating.

Furnace-cooker

For the preparation of food or blanks for the winter, ovens are made according to the principle described above, but with an expanded cooking surface that allows the installation of several containers at once.

In this model of a rocket furnace, a vertical pipe with a vertical-loaded furnace with a door inserted into it is located under the hob. Therefore, hot air heats it directly, and that the whole panel is hot, the heated gases, collecting under the panel, are directed to a horizontal channel that runs under its entire surface and is connected to a vertical section of the chimney.

plate In addition, the design is equipped with legs, which gives it stability and reliability. It should be noted that when such an oven is not used for its intended purpose, it can be used as an ordinary garden table.

In addition to this street model, several types of structures have been developed for indoor use, allowing efficient heating of rooms or heating water.

rocket with a water circuit The rocket with a water circuit consists of the following elements:

• The oven is installed on a solid concrete foundation, to avoid distortion and deformation of the structure.
• The lower part of the structure, including the furnace compartment( pos.2) and the fire channel, is laid out of fireclay bricks( item 1).The furnace has a vertical load. At the bottom is a sinus-zonnik( pos.3) with a side door for regular cleaning of the furnace from the accumulated ash.

• The vertical channel( riser)( pos.4) is made of a steel pipe that is worn in a thick layer of thermal insulation( item 5) and an outer metal casing.
• At the top of the outer shell, the heat exchanger assembly with the water jacket in the walls( 6) and the horizontal plates creating a kind of labyrinth( key 7) is tightly sealed to provide the maximum area and heat exchange time.

Attempts are being made to install a water register in this place. However, as practice shows, this approach is inexpedient - the temperatures here due to the afterburning of pyrolysis gases are very high, and the pipe register has all the chances to quickly burn out.

• Hot air, passing through the heat exchanger, bending around the metal plates, heats the entire massive block, and the metal gives off heat to the water circulating through the water jacket.
• Further, the cooled flow of gases leaves the chimney( position 8).
• The circulation of water takes place through the heat accumulator( key 9), which can easily be made from an old boiler or other closed container with valves for connecting cold and hot water. It is not excluded the option of connecting and heating the radiator, although, in truth, such a stove is unlikely to justify itself in such a role.
• Hot water from the heat storage tank via the connected pipe( item 10) can be directed to the points of intake for household needs.

Such a rocket furnace is ideal for installation in a dacha or in a private house where it is possible to connect a similar heat storage tank to the autonomous water supply system. The furnace can significantly reduce the cost of heating water and heating, since this model does not require a lot of solid fuel or its connection to some additional sources of energy.

Rocket oven with a stool

Another way to effectively use a rocket oven is to equip a rather massive structure with a heated stove. It should be noted that such a bed can be in the form of a bed or a couch, successfully replacing these pieces of furniture, since, having laid on its surface a mattress, you can comfortably settle for a day or night rest. The bed can be made of brickwork or stones and clay mass.

. The design of this version of the rocket furnace consists of the following units and elements:

• A lid-closing furnace with vertical fuel loading with a secondary air intake chamber located in its lower part.
• The fire chamber passes into a horizontally located fire channel, at the end of which the pyrolysis gas burns down.
• The hot gas flow rises along a vertical channel( riser) to the hermetically sealed "ceiling" of the housing, where it gives off a part of the heat energy to the horizontal plate - the hob. Then, under the pressure of the hotter gases that follow, diverges into heat exchange channels, giving off heat to the surfaces of the drum, and falls down.
• In the lower part of the furnace there is an entrance to the horizontal horizontal pipes, which run under the whole surface of the couch. And, in this space, one, two or more turns of the corrugated pipe can be laid, in the form of a coil, through which hot air circulates, heating the couch. This heat exchange piping is connected at the end to the chimney pipe, which is led out through the wall of the house to the outside.

	The first row is laid out solid, and the brick should lie exactly in accordance with the figure shown in the diagram - this will give all the basis strength. 62 red bricks are required for laying. The diagram clearly shows the connection of all three sections of the furnace. Angles on the side bricks of the facade of the furnace are cut off or rounded - so the construction will look neat.
	The second row. At this stage of work, internal chimney ducts are laid, through which the gases heated in the furnace will flow, giving heat to the bricks of the couch. Channels are connected to the combustion chamber, which also begins to form in this row. The first brick of the wall separating the two channels under the couch is cut obliquely - this "snack" will collect unburnt combustion products, and the clear door opposite the bevel allows easy cleaning. For the laying of the series, 44 bricks will be required.
	On the second row, the doors of the blowing and cleaning chambers are installed, which are necessary for periodic cleaning of the ash chamber and internal horizontal channels. The doors are fixed by means of a wire, which is twisted on the ears of cast-iron elements, and then laid in the seams of the masonry.
	Third row. It almost completely repeats the configuration of the second row, but, of course, taking into account the laying of the dressing, and therefore it will also require 44 bricks.
	Fourth row. At this stage, the channels that pass inside the bed are covered with a solid layer of bricks. A furnace hole is left, and a channel is formed which will heat the cooking plate and divert the combustion products to the chimney. In addition, from above overlaps the rotary horizontal channel, which removes heated air under the couch. For the laying of the row, 59 bricks must be prepared.
	The fifth row. The next step is to overlap the couch with a second cross brick layer. Chimney ducts and fireboxes are also being removed. For the row 60 bricks are prepared.
	The sixth row. The first row of the headrest of the couch is laid out, and a part of the oven starts on which the hob will be installed. Chimney ducts still remain in it. For the series you need 17 bricks.
	The seventh row. Completed laying the headrest, which is used for cutting obliquely bricks. The second row of the base under the hob is lifted. 18 bricks are required for laying.
	The eighth row. Masonry construction of the furnace with three channels is made. It takes 14 bricks.
	The ninth and tenth rows are similar to the previous, eighth, laid out in the same scheme, alternately, dressing. Each row uses 14 bricks.
	11th row. Continuation of masonry according to the scheme. This series will take 13 bricks.
	12th row. At this stage, an opening is formed to install the chimney. The hole supplied underneath the plate is supplied with an obliquely cut brick for smoother flow of heated air into the adjacent channel leading to the lower horizontal channels located in the stove. The row uses 11 bricks.
	13th row. The base is formed under the slab, and the central and lateral channels are combined. It is on it that hot air will come under the stove, and then flow into the vertical channel leading under the couch. 10 bricks are laid.
	13th row. In the same row, the base is prepared for laying the hob. For this, along the perimeter of the space, in which the two vertical channels were combined, a heat-resistant material is laid - asbestos.
	13th row. Then, a single metal plate is laid on the asbestos gasket. In this case, it is not recommended to install a hob with opening burners, as when opening them, smoke can enter the room.
	14th row. The opening for the flue pipe is closed and the wall separating the hob from the bed is raised. For the series only 5 bricks are used.
	15th row. This row lifting the wall will also require 5 bricks.
	15th row. On the same row, in the continuation of the rear wall, next to the hob is fixed a metal shelf that can be used as a cutting board. It is fixed to the brackets.
	15th row. In the picture-scheme it is well modeled how the cooker can be used. In this case, the pan is placed exactly on that section of the plate, which will be heated in the first place, because under it will be a hot air flow.
	After completing all the work described in the order, a smoke exhaust pipe is inserted into the hole, from the back of the furnace, which is led out to the street.
	The rear side of the construction looks quite neat, so it can be installed both near the wall and in the middle of the room. This oven is perfect for heating in the cottage. If the stove and chimney are decorated with finishing materials, then the building can become an original addition, and very functional, for any private house. As you can see, the corner formed under the cutting shelf is very convenient for drying and storing firewood.
	To fully consider the design, you need to see and its projection from the front.
	And in the last figure it is well shown that it should turn out as a result of the work done, if you look at the oven from the side of the couch.
Illustration	Brief description of the operation

• It should be noted that in the case of making beds from bricks, the channels can be laid out also from this material, without the use of metallic barrels.
• The heated stove and stove, giving heat to the room, will in themselves serve as a kind of "battery" capable of heating up to 50 m².

The metal drum of the furnace can be made of a barrel, a gas cylinder or other strong containers, and also built of bricks. Usually the material is chosen by the masters themselves, as far as financial feasibility and convenience of work.

The rocket oven with a brick bed looks more neat, and it is slightly easier to install than the clay version, but the costs for materials will be approximately the same.

Video: another original solution to increase the efficiency of the

rocket furnace heating Add from brick rocket furnace with

stove What is necessary for work?

The proposed brick building is designed according to the principle of a rocket furnace. The size of the construction with standard brick parameters( 250 × 120 × 65 mm) will be 2540 × 1030 × 1620 mm.

from the brick. It should be noted that the structure is divided into three parts:

• The furnace itself - its size is 505 × 1620 × 580 mm;
• The furnace compartment is 390 × 250 × 400 mm;
• Lounger 1905 × 755 × 620 mm + 120 mm headrest.

The following materials are required for laying the furnace:

• Red brick - 435 pieces;
• Blow-out door 140 × 140 mm - 1 piece;
• Cleaning door 140 × 140 mm - 1 piece;
• The top door is desirable( 250 × 120 mm - 1 pc.), Otherwise there is a risk of smoke from the room.
• Cooker 505 × 580 mm - 1 piece;
• Rear metal panel shelf 370 × 365 mm - 1 piece;
• Asbestos sheet 2,5 ÷ 3 mm thick to create a gasket between metal elements and bricks.
• Chimney pipe, 150 mm in diameter, with a tap on 90˚.
• Clay and sand for mortar or ready-made heat-resistant mixture. Here it should be noted that for 100 bricks laid flat, with a width of 5 mm, 20 liters of mortar will be needed.

The design of this rocket with vertical loading is simple enough, reliable and effective in operation, but only if its masonry is made qualitatively, in full accordance with the order.

In the absence of experience in the work of a mason and stove-maker, but a great desire to install such a heater on your own, it is worthwhile to insure yourself, and to begin to fold the structure dry, without a solution. This process will help to understand the location of the brick in each of the rows.

In addition, to ensure that the joints are of the same width, it is recommended to prepare calibrated wooden or plastic slats for laying, which will be laid on the previous row before laying the next one. After grasping the solution, it will be easy to remove them.

It is necessary to have an even and firm foundation for the laying of such a furnace. Despite the fact that, the design is compact enough, and its weight is not so great, as, for example, with a Russian stove, the floor, made of thin boards, does not fit its installation. In the event that the floor, although wooden, but very durable, before starting the masonry for the future oven, it is necessary to lay and fix a heat-resistant material, for example, 5 mm thick asbestos.

The order of a brick furnace with a rocker bed with a couch:

In conclusion, I would like to emphasize that the design of a rocket furnace can be called one of the simplest and available for independent manufacture, in comparison with other heating appliances. Therefore, if such a goal is set - to get a stove in the house, but experience in such work is clearly not enough, it is best to choose this option, since, erecting it, it is difficult to err in the configuration of its internal channels.