Brick is one of the most popular materials for cladding wooden houses and blocks, so every builder who chose this material asks: how to enclose the house with a brick?
Bricklaying performs not only an aesthetic function, but also practical, as it protects the house from blocks or wood from various environmental influences, prolonging their service life.
Also masonry increases thermal insulation properties.
Thanks to the variety of colors, textures, brick sizes and types of masonry, it is possible to create an original façade, for example, the photo shows an ivory brick facade.
But before you start facing, you need to select the appropriate project, the type of material, as well as familiarize yourself with the technology work.
How to choose the material for the cladding?
Correctly selected brick will provide easy laying, long service life and a beautiful facade, so regardless of type, the material must meet certain parameters:
- regular geometric shape;
- sharp edges;
- is a homogeneous color, especially Ivory;
- absence of cracks and delaminations;
- frost resistance;
- water absorption is not less than 6%.
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For facing, you can choose the following types of lining material:
- ceramic;
- silicate;
- is hyperpressed.
Consider each of the species in more detail.
Ceramic brick filled with clay, has the following characteristics:
- water absorption - 6-14%;
- frost resistance - F25, F35, F50, for clinker - F100;
- low thermal conductivity - 0.3-0.5 W / m ° C;
- density - 1300-1450 kg / m.cube, for clinker - up to 2100 kg / m.cub.
Silicate brick filler is quartz sand, it has the following characteristics:
- water absorption - 6-8%;
- frost resistance - F15-F50;
- thermal conductivity - 0,38-0,7 W / m · ° С;
- density - 1500-1950 kg / cubic meter.
Hyper-pressed brick is made of shell rock, cement and chopped limestone. All components are mixed and processed under high pressure.
Externally, this material is similar to natural stone.
Possesses hyper-pressed brick with the same properties as ceramic, differs only in frost resistance with F100-F150 and high density.
High density explains the absence of air layers, so for the house will require additional insulation.
Based on these characteristics, you can select the type of material you want. So, if you want to increase the thermal conductivity of the house, then you need to use ceramic bricks.
Ceramic material is also used if it is required to reduce the load on the foundation. With the use of ceramic bricks, you can realize any project, thanks to the variety of colors.
Another use of ceramic bricks is preferred because of the color of ivory.
Silicate brick has a lower cost, improved sound insulation, and the silicate material absorbs less moisture. All types of bricks are presented in the photo.
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Finishing of the facade can be made of brick of any color: white, red or ivory. It all depends on what kind of design was chosen, ornament.
How are the cladding works performed?
Brick lining can be made during the construction of the house or after the construction of the house.
The house is finished with a brick once, so all work must be done correctly.
It should be noted that in modern construction there are three brick masonry technologies:
- Straight - the simplest and most common finish;
- Decorative is a more complicated decoration, because it is a decoration of ornaments by means of seams, as well as using a material of different colors;
- Artistic - the most complex decoration, for which you first need to create a design project and invite experts, since it is important to perform all the work correctly. This finish often combines a brick of chocolate and ivory.
The technology of brick facing consists of the stages listed below and presented in the video.
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First of all, you need to calculate the required amount of material. On 1 square meter 51 bricks are required.
It is important to immediately calculate the volume of the required material, since different batches of the same type of brick may differ in tint.
Next, you need to prepare the walls of the house. If the house is wooden or frame, then the wood needs to be treated with an antiseptic.
It is recommended that the walls be treated twice with a time interval of one day.
You should also pay attention to the foundation and the roof, which must withstand the weight of the structure.
Therefore, the next step is to strengthen the foundation or fill a new foundation. The connection of the bases is carried out in the following order.
First you need to drill the grooves with a diameter of 1.2 cm, a depth of 10 cm in concrete or 20 cm in a brick. The grooves should be placed 10 cm below the top of the foundation with a slope of 20 °.
Now it is necessary to insert reinforcing bars with a diameter of 12 mm, which should be placed above the foundation level of 15 cm, into the indentations.
After filling a new foundation, the recommended thickness of which is 30 cm, the upper part of the reinforcement remains in the concrete. Above the foundation is covered with two layers of waterproofing material.
Regarding the roof, you need to focus your attention on the following element - a curtain overhang, exceeding 25 cm, as the roof should cover the entire thickness of the liner, taking into account the ventilation gap.
Otherwise, the brick, not protected from rain, will absorb water and may collapse after 5 years.
If a wooden house is applied, ventilation should be made to prevent damage to the wood, since wood is susceptible to moisture absorption and rotting, and the ventilation created will provide the tree with the conditions of the enclosed space. Thanks to this tree will last forever.
Next, the walls of the house need to be covered with thermal insulation, for example, with mineral wool.
When preparation is completed, it is necessary to make a connection between the masonry and the walls of the house. If the house is log, then the nail should be driven into the upper part of the log, closer to the seams at an angle of 45 °, as in the photo.
Then the hammered nail should be wrapped in a soft, double-folded wire 3 mm thick. After that, the nail should be completely hammered and bent. The same is done if the house is made of blocks.
Wire wrapping is carried out to the middle of the brick straight, and then with a deviation in the sides by 20 mm. So you need to make a perimeter at a distance of 0.5 m.
For a frame house, you can use nails with a length of 10-12 cm. For the construction of blocks, clamps used for dressing are used. You can see the dressing on the video.
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During the cladding work, white stains are formed. These divorces cause the ingredients of the solution.
Therefore, it is recommended to use dry mixes or portland cement for the preparation of the solution without various additives.
It is better to dilute the solution in small portions, it is necessary to stir regularly, which will prevent premature hardening of the solution.
It is necessary to work with ivory brick carefully, since it is not easy to remove stains from light material.
Foreign technologies recommend the use of cement-lime mortar for masonry, as lime neutralizes the effect of alkali.
To do this, take 1 part Portland cement M500, 2 parts of lime and 8 parts of sifted sand.
The most commonly used solution is black, but by adding a coloring pigment, you can prepare a solution of any color.
Immediately before laying, it is recommended to put bricks into the water for a short time, so that the material does not absorb water from the solution.
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After all, dry brick absorbs moisture from concrete, which reduces the quality of the masonry. It is impossible to produce masonry at temperatures below 0 °.
Begins the lining from the upper level of the cap, from the corners. After laying 6 rows to ensure the evenness of the rows along the perimeter of the base, you can pull a rope, through which the horizontality of the rows will be checked.
To ensure the same intervals of honey in rows, a steel rod can be used. Cement is applied to the rod, then brick is laid.
Surplus cement from the front of the brick should be carefully cleaned with a cloth until it dries. After removing the rods, the walls are cleaned of the solution.
Verticality must be constantly checked by the building level. Before applying cement mortar, the brick should be positioned as it will be located in the masonry.
The joint thickness should be 10-14 mm. To improve ventilation, the masonry should not be brought to the eaves on one row. If necessary, the brick can be cut.
Window and door openings are laid in one brick, as in the photo.
It is not difficult to cover the facades of houses from blocks or wood, with this task a construction worker with minimal knowledge will cope. Details the process of facing is presented in the video.
Projects of facades of houses made of red, light, chocolate and other types of brick for houses made of wood and blocks are presented in the photo.
