How does it work?
The rectifier for a welding machine is a device that converts an alternating current into a constant one. Welding rectifier device: power transformer, rectifier unit, measuring, protective and start-up control equipment. The transformer changes the energy supplied from the network to the energy necessary for welding operations, and also reconciles the values of the mains voltage with the output voltage.
Single-site welding rectifiers use three-phase transformers, as this helps to reduce the voltage ripple that makes welding connections less qualitative. The current regulator allows to form a rigid or falling external characteristic. This makes it possible to set the welding modes and the required voltage value.
The scheme of the welding rectifier is quite simple: it is assembled on a three-phase bridge circuit, sometimes on a single-phase full-wave rectification circuit. The three-phase design gives more even tension and good technical and economic performance. The conductors are flint or selenium valves.
Note! For home use, the three-phase circuit will also be the best option.
family of rectifiers The power design can be different, and it affects the formation of several types of rectifiers:
- Regulated by a transformer;
- Thyristor;
- Regulated by transistors;
- Inverter;
- With throttling saturation.
They are also divided into types based on volt-ampere characteristics. Mechanized submerged arc welding in self-regulating devices operates with single-ended rectifiers with stiff characteristics. Less commonly used multipoint welding rectifiers. Often, they use a transformer with normal magnetic dissipation. There are several ways to control the voltage:
- Regulation of the thread - used in the rectifier with a sectioned winding;
- Magnetic - used in devices with magnetic communication and throttling saturation;
- Phase - in rectifier thyristor;
- Pulse - this method has an inverter welding rectifier.
Note! Manual welding machines use rectifiers with falling external characteristics.
Welding rectifier in the home
Many masters will be able to confirm that the homemade welding rectifier, which is made qualitatively, will not be inferior to the factory unit. To create it you do not need to have deep knowledge in the world of electronics and mechanics, it is enough just to have all the necessary elements. The construction is the following. The rectifier is combined with a transformer and a cooling fan. The rectifier itself is assembled on diodes, which are mounted in the center on the radiator brackets.
Each diode on all sides is blown by airflow through the fan and inner funnel. However, for such a purge to be of high quality, it is necessary to think over the layout of the device. Thus, large diameter holes should be on the coupling cover and in the base to which the fan is mounted. One diode needs to be connected to the common terminal, and the other to one of the transformer terminals.
Important! If a voltage of 6-18 volts is required, both diode transients are made.
This welding rectifier is easy to assemble with your own hands. With its help, the arc ignition is improved by increasing the idling voltage. Also increases the amount of heat, which is very useful for welding thin parts.
