How to make a flight of stairs to the second floor?

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How to make a flight of stairs to the second floor?

In a two- or three-story private house-building, to move between floors, it is necessary to provide for flight stairs.

Staircase construction is quite difficult to implement, its requirements are covered by GOST requirements, and therefore the calculation and design are preliminary done.

In private houses, a simplified version is most often used - marching stairs, most often wooden ones. Construct such a ladder really with their own hands.

The standard area allocated for the staircase must be at least 150x150 cm. First, let's look at the terminology, look at the photos, study the GOST and prepare our project.

Variants of marching stairs

A march is called one span. Marching stairs are considered single-marching if they have one span. Two-marsh, respectively, consist of two spans.

Single-ladder ladders fit into a narrow rectangle, one of whose sides is the length of the step.

Marching spans can be perpendicular to each other, in this case the ladder is called L-shaped( if you look at the design from above, it is similar to the letter "G").

If on the site to continue the climb it is necessary to turn 180 degrees, then this is a U-shaped structure( the march flights and the platform between them stand in the shape of the letter "P").

The dimensions of the elements are determined by GOST.

A bowstring is called the main carrier element, to which the steps are attached. GOST requirements for bowstick width - from 235 cm. Each flight span has two bow strings - left and right.

Bearing beam, on which, if viewed from the side, the end of the step is seen, is considered a scoop. The basis of march flights can consist of one, two( rarely - three) oblique.

The material for them should be very strong. For stairs with one oblique, metal is most often used, the design load on the gap at the seams can reach up to 120 kg.

Kosowers make it possible to make a ladder with rounded flight spans, which is extremely difficult in the case of using a tree as the basis of a span. In the photo you see a flight of stairs on the string and kosoura.

Ladder diagram

The riser is the height distance between two adjacent steps. Sometimes in literature, an element is called a riser, which closes this space.

Elements of risers do not carry technological load and are designed to prevent slipping of the foot into the gap between the steps.

In general, the passageways with risers are realized in multi-apartment houses.

According to GOST, the height of the riser in a residential building of a multi-storey building should be 14.8 cm, for private houses this value is within 15-17 cm.

In private houses, the risers are closed with a wooden or other element rarely, without them the staircase looks more airy.

The stage consists of a riser and a tread( the plane on which the foot is placed when lifting).The width and height of the degree are interrelated, calculation is made by the formula: width * 2 + height = 56-65 cm for a residential building.

When calculating the step height, be sure to keep in mind that the height of the march should be divisible by the rest.

The steps are straight( located perpendicular to the projection of the bowstring or kosoura) and spotlights( used instead of the site).

Steering steps help to fit marching runs into a smaller space, but make the lift more uncomfortable. It is very difficult to make the calculation of the runway steps by our own hands.

If possible, avoid using runway steps and leave a platform between the runways of width 110-120 cm.

If you see that there is very little space in the house under the staircase and the use of the steps is justified, then order a ladder design in the construction organization.

Part of the staircase, which is responsible for the safety of the staircase of a private house, is a railing. Great value, both from a security standpoint and for convenience, has a slope.

It is defined as the angle between the floor and the center line of the supporting beam. The slope from 38 to 45 degrees is considered steep, and according to GOST the optimal angle is 27-30 degrees.

If the second floor of the house is used rarely( for example, as a technical floor), then, if necessary, you can reduce the area allocated under the opening, increasing the slope.

Reducing the area of ​​openings in a private house can be achieved by making alternately the steps "left" and "right".

This allows you to reduce the width of the tread, but, of course, adds inconvenience when climbing to the second floor.

To change the staircase to the second floor or separate march runs, if technological difficulties of use are revealed( for example, furniture does not pass), after finishing the finishing works it is very difficult.

It is much easier to re-do the project repeatedly until it is completely suitable.

It is easy to find various options for implemented solutions in your home. Most often they already specify the size and requirements for the march run.

The project you like will be evaluated from the point of view of applicability under your technical conditions, if necessary, make changes, for example, in the length of steps.

Now you can implement your march designs yourself.

Before proceeding with the installation of the staircase in the house, perform the calculation of its details and check with GOST.

The result of the theoretical preparation should be a draft of the stairs to the second floor with the inclined angle and the dimensions of all the details.

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If you do this work with your own hands for the first time, then do not regret time and on a long cut of paper draw a kosor or string of the future staircase, zafiskirovat it on the wall along the flight span, take a photo and evaluate whether the staircase is comfortable.

If in doubt, it makes sense to redo the calculation or order a project in the construction bureau. The stairs to the second floor, made by hand with violations of GOST, will be inconvenient or unsafe.

To practical part of the creation of march flights in a private house, proceed only when the calculation suits you completely.

Installation of the

Construction of the march construction on the second floor should be started when the floor of the ground floor is ready, but before the walls are finished.

To create a ladder with your own hands, prepare a free space of no less than twice the area of ​​the ladder. Tools will need a jigsaw.

Photo:

Drawings of future steps will be developed, applying the calculation, on a sheet of cardboard and then transfer the template to a wooden beam.

When a metal staircase is planned to the second floor, then at the stage of erection of overlappings, it is necessary to provide for the laying of metal fragments, to which the top of the ladder will then be welded.

The same fragments must be concreted in the roughing floor. They will serve to fix the oblique or string string on the bottom.

In a private house it is much easier to make a staircase on a Kosower, especially if the steps of the stairs do not touch the walls.

If you make the stairs of your house with your own hands, then you can use a custom-made kosour.

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In this case, you only need to fix it from above and below, prepare and fasten the steps and handrails.

When the project provides for the placement of march flights in the corner, and the steps will rest against the walls, then it is better to calculate on the string.

The order of the installation is as follows( consider the option entirely from wood):

Draw the profile of the bowstring or cocover( warp) on a sheet of paper, transfer it to a wooden beam and cut it out. Cut the grooves for fastening at the top and bottom of the support beam.

The second string can be made by applying it as a ready-made template. If the second kosor is shorter or longer than the one already prepared, then the template will be individual elements.

Mount the base to the supports using anchor bolts. Before fixing, check the level. After fixing the bases, you can start assembling the steps

The thickness of the board for the tread must be at least 40 cm. The width of the board is determined by the width of the tread. The tread is mounted to the base.

If the risers are provided, then they are fixed after the collection of the missteps.

Handrail can be made from bars, but wood carved balusters look much more effective. To make the airstrips of aesthetic appearance, you can order them separately.

Handrails are mounted on top of the railing.

Wooden elements must be treated with fire-fighting mixtures, then apply paint or varnish.

When making a wooden staircase to the second floor, make sure that the wood is completely dry( if necessary, dry in a drying chamber or allow to dry naturally) and there are no knots and cracks in it.
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If you prefer metal, then attention should be paid to the quality of welding elements.

Also on it very effectively in the private house will be carved wooden railing.

Whatever march staircase you planned in the house, you already know that you can implement it yourself.

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