Bubathon oven with own hands

Heating in a personal economy requires not only living quarters. Many owners can not imagine a single day to not work, for example, in a workshop or garage, and in winter without local heating in these buildings will be very uncomfortable. Heating can be necessary and in the backyard household - greenhouses, premises for pets and poultry.

It's extremely difficult and ruinous to build a heating circuit from houses in such buildings. It is better to provide installation of stoves that can be heated as needed with solid fuel - firewood, sawdust, charcoal and .There are many options for such heating devices, and many of them differ both in efficiency and convenience in use. Stoves can be purchased at stores, but a good host can always make her and herself. One of these common crafts - oven bubafony own hands.

The name " BABAFONA " sounds somewhat unusual to the uninformed reader, and meanwhile the popularity of this stove is very high. This is explained by the fact that the

scheme of its device is quite simple, and the bubadon itself can be attributed to long-burning furnaces that economically consume fuel and do not require its constant addition to the furnace.

In this publication we will consider the prototype bubafoni , the principle its work, the order calculation the main parameters and how you can build such a stove, even from auxiliary materials.

Basic principles of the furnace work BABAFONA

The name " BABAFONA " went from the network nickname " bubafonja ", which belongs to the Russian master Afanasy Bubyakin with a distant Kolyma. It is not known whether he created the homemade oven of a similar design first, but it was his model, the experience of assembling which he shared on the Internet, that became a kind of "hit", the basis for imitation, the basis for his own developments and improvements for many domestic craftsmen.

According to the majority, the prototype for such a development was the design of the long-burning boiler of the Lithuanian company Strupva , which gained wide popularity among Russian homeowners.

The boilers " Strоpuva " are produced in a fairly wide model range, from S7 to S40( the figure says about the heating capacity in kilowatts).However, for everyone, the special form - is characterized by a narrow elongated vertical cylinder. This is not a whim of the designers - such a structure is determined by the very principle of the operation of this long-burning boiler. Loaded into it solid fuel and fires, and burns from the top down. This is achieved by supplying the air necessary for the oxidation process only to a thin upper loading layer.

On scheme the basic scheme of the boiler « Strоpuva » is presented.

• The combustion chamber( 8) is loaded with solid fuel ) with firewood, sawdust, coal , briquettes ) through a special window( 6).
• The ignition of the upper layer is usually carried out with the aid of flammable liquids. Then, the air distribution device( 7) is lowered onto this layer. It can have a cruciform shape with special deflectors to supply air to a certain depth of the burning layer.

There are models with a distributor in the form of a cross-piece, and disc-type has recently become widely used - was already borrowed from Stripova from bubadoni , since such an innovation was made already after the was promulgated by its scheme.

• In order for the furnace to operate stably, the supply air needs the of a certain preparation - heating up to about 400 ° C.This process ss pr goes in a special chamber( 2).In the same chamber, a special mode switch is installed - the damper( 4) with the positions "coal" or "firewood".
• The heating chamber is connected to the air distributor by a telescopic tubular channel( 5), which extends as the combustion zone is lowered.

• is clearly visible. The combustion intensity is controlled by a damper( 1), which regulates the amount of air entering the combustion zone. In this case, this happens automatically - a bimetallic spring is installed, changing its configuration depending on the temperature of the
• heating. Since the Stripuva is designed specifically for the heating system, a heat exchanger( water jacket) with nozzles for ( 11)and the outlet of heated water( 10).
• The hatch( 9) is mounted in the lower part of the hull for revision and cleaning of the boiler from residual combustion products.

Combustion of the upper fuel layer with a dosed air intake leads, in addition to direct heat emission, to the release of pyrolysis gases, has burnt , after the boiler enters the normal operation mode, is performed at the top of the cylinder, above the air distributor. After that, the exhaust gases are discharged into the chimney hole( 3).

As a matter of fact, boiler turns out combined, combining simultaneously processes of direct burning of fuel, pyrolysis and afterburning in with one closed volume .

A similar scheme was attempted by the Russian craftsman. The main problem was the complexity of manufacturing the telescopic feed unit and the air distribution device in the burning layer. However, a very original solution was found.

• bobaphone device The highly complex air distributor was replaced by a massive "pancake" disk, with the deflectors welded from the metal profile - the channel or corner - on its lower part. This creates channels for the gas to be distributed at as high as possible. This "pancake" with its mass presses the burning layer, and under the influence of gravity it gradually falls as fuel is consumed.
• Now about the duct. It was not made telescopic, but solid, from one piece of pipe welded to the "pancake" of the air distributor. Thus, the air intake channel itself is also gradually lowered - a kind of piston with a rod moving in the cylinder is obtained. For free movement of the air tube, an opening of the appropriate size and shape is cut in the top cover of the stove so that it does not hamper the free running of the entire structure, but, the with the , does not leave an excessively large gap for "suction" of air from the outside.

Too dense obturation, by the way, in this place and not required - certain the amount of oxygen should fall in the upper chamber of the stove - it is necessary for afterburning pyrolysis gases.

The lid is made in such a way that it fits as tightly as possible to the cylindrical body bobafoni .The air flow is regulated by a damper mounted on the end of the duct.

In the upper part of the housing, a flue outlet for the combustion products is welded, which is connected to the chimney pipe.

So, the scheme is very simple and, it would seem, simple - you can make an oven from any improvised materials. So it is, in principle, it is, however if you approach this issue with maximum seriousness, and in order to achieve the highest efficiency and heating performance, you should be guided by the recommendations for the calculation of the

self-heating kiln - we calculatebasic parameters

The dimensions of the main parts and components that directly affect the performance of the furnace are shown in the diagram.

stove If failed to find ready-made drawings for manufacturing such a device, then it is necessary to equip the calculator and perform some calculations of the independently.

1. The dimensions of the , i.e., the ( D) case diameter and its height ( H) , must be in a certain proportion. The optimal ratio is from 1 : 3 to 1 : 5. engineering calculations show that in the too narrow furnace the incoming air simply leaves of their combustion zone and is thrown into the chimney pipe, that gives the a significant loss of power to the unit. If you make the oven too wide, then it's hard to get close to the walls of the combustion housing. Only the central part of the fuel bookmark will burn out, the pancake in this place will necessarily sit and jam, the burning process will stop. The diameters of the furnace are from 300 to 800 mm.

2. Δ - thickness of the shell walls .This parameter is especially important if the stove is to be "put" into the water jacket, turning its thus into boiler .In this case, the thickness should be from 4 to 6 mm.

In case the oven will only serve for local heating of the room with direct heat dissipation, the wall thickness may be lower - bobafoni is often made of conventional metal drums. However, this necessarily leads to power loss - thin walls of large area give the a temperature drop over the "pancake" and the effective can be lost or significantly reduced after burning pyrolysis gases. In addition, red hot gases in the bubble leak through a narrow enough gap between the "pancake" and the walls, causing them a strong thermal impact, why the thin sheet metal can quickly burn out. However, if uses metal of the order of 2.5 mm, for example, if the body is bent from the whole sheet, then it will be enough to heat a garage or workshop of this thickness.

3. Parameters of the of the air distribution device. It is wrong to assume that they are limited only by the diameter of the cut pancake -, and its thickness, as as , this part should have a good heat capacity - this section is the final heating of the supplied air.

So, for the beginning is the diameter of the drive. calculations show that the optimal gap between it and the wall of the stove is the value With = 5% D .For example, if the internal diameter of the cylinder of the is 400 mm, then a clearance of 20 mm is required on each side, and we get a "pancake" of Ø 360 mm.

The pancake thickness( σ ) in practice turns out to be inversely proportional to its diameter. Excessively, the heavy node simply pushes into the combustion zone, extinguishing the fire, and too light will not create the reliable clamp. And this can end with ignition of all fuel or even reverse combustion, the year the flames will exit through the supply pipe, and the airflow will go through the through the chimney.

Approximate thickness of the steel pancake is given in table

Internal diameter of the furnace cylinder( D)	Thickness of the pancake blank( σ)
300 mm	8 ÷ 10 mm
400 mm	6 ÷ 8 mm
60 mm	4 ÷6 mm
800 mm	2,5 ÷ 4 mm

Height ribs welded air ducts( channels, angles or steel strips).Here there is no a clear linear dependence, but one can focus on the following values.

Internal diameter of the cylinder of the furnace( D)	Height of the ribs of the ducts( h)
300 mm	40 mm
400 mm	50 mm
600 mm	60 mm
800 mm	80 mm

If a cylinder is manufactured, then it is easy to calculate the chasm proportionally, bringing to its , of course, to the standard thicknesses of the produced metal sheets.

However, if there is a desire to make a really efficient stove, it is better to perform them in the form of curved blades in the clockwise direction - the air path in this case increases, improving the uniform burning of fuel on the surface, and, moreover,turbulent flow, which contributes to the most complete afterburning pyrolysis gases. The very design of the air channels being created. The simplest is the cruciform arrangement of channels with side shelves of the required height.

air distributor. And the is a sample of the of how to do it by no means. The edges of the "pancake" are not processed, the metal is very thin, and the shelves of the corner, on the contrary, are extremely inflated. In fact, the entire effect of the bobafoni is lost - most likely, such a detail of the will lead the to a vast burning of the fuel bookmark.

4. The next most important characteristic is the diameter of the chimney outlet of the , and if the is more accurate than the , then the area of ​​its section( S ) on the diagram.

This parameter r r is calculated by professionals for rather complex formulas that take into account a lot of characteristics. However, the practical experience of using such furnaces allows us to simplify the procedure of calculations, and calculations can be made independently.

Basis formula: S = 1,75 E

- S - cross-sectional area of ​​the

chimney branch pipe

- E- furnace energy output per time unit( kW / h )

The value E itself is defined by the following formula: E = M × e

- M - the mass of the fuel in the stove.

- e - Specific heat transfer of a particular type solid fuel.

The weight of the bookmark is calculated , proceeding from of the volume of the working part of the stove and the weight of the stowage type of fuel, ie .its specific gravity per unit volume .

M = Vf × mf

- Vf - volume of the fuel compartment of the stove( dm³).

- mf - fuel loading factor( kg / dm³).

Indicators e and mf are reference values. For example, these data for some common types solid fuel are given in the table:

Type of solid fuel	mf - specific factor of the bookmark, kg / dm³	e - specific heat output, kW / h
firewood of standard size, aspen	0.143	2,82
softwood chips or sawdust	0,137	3,2
pellets alder	0,285	3,5
coal brand KDP	0,4	4,85
coal mark SPS	0,403	5,59
anthracitecoarse fractureand	0,5	5,72
peat briquettes	0,34	2,36

For an example, you can take the calculation of the chimney section for the homemade bobafony from a conventional gas cylinder with D = 300 mm , N f = 600 mm. There is still one value is the volume of the boot chamber. The height of its ( in the scheme - N f ) is usually taken as ⅔ of the total height of the stove N .The volume is calculated according to the usual formula - the cylinder cross-sectional area multiplied by the height: Vf = πD² / 4 × N f

Vf = π × 3² × 6 : 4 = 42,39 ≈ 42 dm³

Calculation of the thermal characteristics always follows the fuel that will give the maximum heat transfer. In this example take hard coal SSOM:

The total weight of the load of the stove with coal : M = 42 × 0.403 = 16.92 ≈ 17 kg

The combustion of such a mass of fuel per hour is given st st the next amountenergy:

E = 17 × 5.59 = 95.03 - can be rounded up to 100 kW.

Thus, the cross-sectional area of ​​the chimney for the stove in question is necessary: ​​

S = 1.75 × 100 = 175 cm².From here it is easy to calculate the nozzle diameter - in this case it will be 14.93 cm or, with reduction to standard pipe size - 150 mm.

By the way, similar calculations can give a concept and about what will be the average power of the stove. In our case, 100 kW was obtained. Practice shows that with a properly assembled unit, it works on one tab about 12 hours. Thus, we get 100/12 = 8.33 kW / h.

5. Main parameters of the air supply pipe. Diameter its ( on the scheme - d ) with some hardening ÷ can accept for 0,5 ÷ 0,55 from the diameter of the outlet branch pipe. Thus, in the example considered, a pipe of 76 or 80 mm can be used.

The pipe will be welded into the "pancake" of the air distributor. It is recommended that the of its be placed at the same level with the lower edges of the air guides. In order to avoid excessive influx of air in the center, which can create an unnecessary cone-shaped zone of enhanced combustion, the outlet of the pipe can be narrowed, for example by welding here an unnecessary steel gear with a narrow seating hole, and the main air streams to be redirected between the blades( channels). So distribution of air masses will go more evenly.

Most home masters sin by limiting the hole in the furnace lid openings for the airway pipe, without installing any collar. Meanwhile, the , a similar simplification of the design, gives the a significant reduction in the efficiency of the tubafony , since the excess "parasitic" air sucked from this reduces the completeness of afterburning pyrolysis gases, and forms a steady flow towards the chimney, without providing required heat transfer. In a word, a part of the heat simply goes into the pipe with a draft. But it does not make any effort to mount a collar.

How to calculate parameters for this node?

- The gap between the pipe and the collar( δ ) should be no more than 2.5 mm.

- The height of the collar( L ) must be at a minimum 80 × δ .

- With the piston fully lowered, the duct of the air duct must be lifted to the height of the with the upper collar of the collar q = L + 150

In our example, we get the following:

• Assume, after making the collar cylinder( usually made of galvanized sheet) and fitting it on the pipewith pressing to one side, a clearance of 2.4 mm was obtained. Thus, the created gap δ turns out to be 1.2 mm on each side.
• Based on this, the height of the collar( L) of the should be at least 1.2 × 80 = 96 mm.
• The part of the pipe protruding above the collar is q = 96 + 150 = 246 mm.

Of course, the values ​​obtained can be rounded up to 100 and 250 mm.

On the upper section of the pipe, it is necessary to think over the movable flap which, moving around the axis, will be able to work in the complete range - from the full closing the tube lumen to the full opening. It is this damper that will be the main "control element" of the furnace - it regulates the amount of air supplied to the combustion zone of the fuel.

If the stove is planned to be multifuel, then often a similar damper is placed on the top cover of the stove. For the combustion of pyrolysis gases emitted by certain fuels, an additional "portion" of air may be required.

6. Additional parameters of

oven These parameters, in principle, do not determine the performance of the furnace, but they must be taken into account although the would have an so that the bubadon is the most convenient for daily use and maintenance. These include:

• Distance from the upper edge of the body of the stove to the frame chimney branch pipe and the loading door( on the diagram - i ).

Calculated by the formula i = h + σ + 20 mm. ( value of all characters already mentioned in the text above).

• Height of the bottom edge of the loading door from the of the bottom edge of the cylinder( in the diagram - Hm ).

Hm = Hf + h + σ + 30 mm

This gives the the ability to audit and periodically clean the bottom surface of the "pancake" from the seams.

• Based on the of the calculations, it is not difficult to determine the height of the loading door:

hm = H- Hf - i

The opening must not be more than ¼ of the cylinder circumference of the cylinder casing.

• It is also necessary to provide a technological door for cleaning the from combustion trays( ash pan).It should be sufficiently wide, since with as a coal fuel at the bottom of the cylinder can be accumulated on the sintered slag, which is tubularly removable.

The height of the door( on ) is calculated as follows: h = h + σ + 100 ÷ 150 mm.

The width of the opening is the same as that of the loading door.

To avoid air leakage through the doors( hatches), they are made with double-layered ones with obligatory compaction from an asbestos sheet or basalt cardboard. itself, the opening is framed with a boxed neck, on which hatch loops are welded.

stove. By the way, very many performers in general refuse their designs from any hatches. In this case, both loading and cleaning of the stove is made through the px pr and the removed lid and the "piston" removed. Serviceability is less, but the work on manufacturing bobafoni is much simplified. To at least somehow to ease the loading and cleaning process, handles are welded to the furnace cover.

7. Installation parameters bobafoni

When compiling your own - project, must compute the basic parameter of its future installation and connection to the chimney pipe.

The basic principles of are shown in the diagram, however, follows to give more a few clarifications:

• It does not matter if this stove has welded legs, or its is simply placed on the lower end, the base must have pronounced refractory qualities. Combustion of fuel in the - booth goes down to the bottom of the cylinder, and the bottom, of course, is very hot from this. The usual concrete screed will in no way suit - necessarily will begin crumbling and cracking soon. Hence, it will be necessary to lay down a kind of "podium" made of refractory fireclay bricks.
• The height of the chimney pipe should be at least 4, 2 m , otherwise the quality of the thrust will drop, which will result in a sharp reduction in heat transfer due to the incomplete process afterburning pyrolysis gases in the secondary chamber - the furnace simply " suffocates ".
• The size of the horizontal section of the chimney, up to the side in the vertical part, should not be more than 400 mm. Too close is also not recommended - may violate the thermal balance of the system.
• Pyrolysis process is always accompanied by a rather significant release of water vapor, with , even in the case of well-dried firewood. To avoid the accumulation of water condensate on the internal walls of the chimney( and this sometimes even leads to complete freezing of the lumens of the pipe), special elbow should be provided - the collection of moisture. Its height, from the insertion point - not less than 300 mm. A graduating crane must always be installed from below, for routine prevention, draining the accumulated liquid. The crane is better to put ball - this will make it possible to clean the clogged drain hole with a piece of fine wire.

Perhaps someone like this calculation of the - bobafoni may seem excessively cumbersome. However, it is not at all difficult - it is worth devoting a few evening hours to this process, armed with a calculator, and your own project, based on an almost scientific approach, will be ready. But not it is necessary to doubt in working capacity of the running heater.

To proceed, incidentally, you can even from the materials available in the household. The publication already mentioned the old gas cylinder - it is almost usable for the use of the bodywork.

Knowing the parameters of this cylinder, it will be easy to "fit" for it and all other parts and components.

If you have good skills in working with metal and the opportunity to use the sheet-bending equipment, you can design your project from scratchsuch dimensions and power, which are required for heating a particular room.

Video: Bubophone stove from a gas cylinder

One of the simplest versions is the BABAFONA from drums

And, finally, a little about how you can make a simple bobabon from the of the widespread auxiliary material, as an unnecessary metal barrel, which, however, retained the integrity of the walls.

The thickness of the metal in the barrels is not large, and, of course, too much heat loss from such bobafoni can not be obtained. The 's is also not very significant, but the large volume of the load and the duration of work on one "refueling" up to 12 hours - is , which is necessary for heating some outbuildings or utility rooms.

Another one convenience of this design and that the barrels have a single standard size. If the ( ) wall( which should sooner or later happen ) burns, it will not be difficult to quickly make a replacement, since the remaining parts - the cover and the air supply system, which are less susceptible to rapid wear, can easily be rearrangednew body.

So, first of all, the barrel needs to remove the top cover. Best of all, the "Bulgarian" carefully cuts the weld along the circumference - and the cylinder will have an even edge, and the lid will have a flared skirt.

The edges of the barrels are punched with a sledge hammer several inside , and on the cover, on the contrary, is expanded .

are machined. As a result, the cover must fit snugly on top of the body.

If there is a stopper on the lid, the of its can be welded, but this hole is often left for the second air damper.

The cover can be made and somewhat differently. In this case, the of its is cut to such a diameter that it will fit tightly into the cylinder of the .A metal plate of arbitrary size and shape is welded to the top - it will become both a support and a kind of "plate" on which it will be possible to put a kettle or bucket for heating water.

The hole in the center of the prepared cover is cut as the air flow decreases. It is necessary to try to make the edges as level as possible.

An air distribution unit is being prepared. Usually for him take the same cover from the other barrel or cut out the workpiece from the metal sheet. If a thin-walled metal is used, it is recommended to make circumferential folds down as far as possible - this will reduce the risk of deformation of the disc under strong heating. In the workpiece, a round hole is cut into where the air supply pipe will be welded.

From the bottom of the "pancake" welded metal profiles - air ducts. The figure shows the channel, but with such a large diameter of the stove, it is preferable to dwell on the version with curved blades from the metal strip - the process of air distribution will be much more efficient. Of course, this will require more, but to increase the productivity of the furnace it is worth it to spend.

The resultant "pancake" is welded to the air supply pipe.

On top of the air supply pipe attach the air flap mounted on the axis. For ease of operation, it is recommended to fix the position of the flap in the desired position, for example, with the nut - "lamb".

On the body of the stove, mark the hole for the connection of the flue pipe.

outlet connection When using for the chimney , pipes are sure to achieve a fully sealed joint.

body In fact, all BUBAFON nodes are already ready for . if, of course, do not count the chimney. It remains to assemble the stove by installing the "piston" of the air supply system in the and closing the structure with a lid.

As it was already told, for convenience it is possible to weld handles both to a cover, and to the case of an oven.

Video: a variant of a baked stove from a barrel

If there is a desire, then you can "dress" the stove - bubadon in a protective metal screen, which is mounted on the welded to the body of the short racks.

Another option is to wrap the case with a profiled sheet with a sufficiently high wave height. In either case, it is yes STD positive effect:

• The risk of accidental burn from of the heated furnace body will be significantly reduced.
• Such a design will create a powerful convection flow, which will contribute to the rapid warm-up of the room.

The constructions considered in this article are basic, and each master can make its changes to with observance of the basic principal parameters. Here - a very wide field for creativity and experimentation. For example, in the presented video the author shares his own improvement bobafoni :

Video: how can I improve the typical bobafone