The world's industry standard is three phases 380( 400) volts. All the professional equipment used in production, works from this voltage. Also, three-phase wiring is introduced into stores, houses, offices and schools. It is possible to assemble the electricity meter board in such a way that an ordinary 220 volt network is available at the output. Let's not go into the jungle of electrical engineering, just say, if you measure the voltage between L1, and L2 and L3 will voltage 380 volts. But between L1 and N( neutral);L2 and N;L3 and N will have a voltage of 220 volts. Should I bother with 380 volts in the apartment of a multi-storey building, there is no definite answer. But in a private house to have three-phase wiring in the farm is worth. Once you have come to us with the question of how to assemble the electricity billboard in your own hands, then we will try to help you.
- Assembly procedure
- Video tutorials on mounting
Assembly order
After obtaining permission to connect to the three phases and the technical condition, we proceed to the self-assembly of the shield. The input will be mounted in an airtight box that needs to be assembled on the outer wall of a private house or pillar. It has a three-phase meter and a circuit-breaker, as shown in the photo below:
Near the input, we organize the grounding device, according to the rules. The electricity billboard will be sealed and there will be no free access to it. Therefore, the first thing to do is to assemble the three-phase switchboard on its own, distributing the consumers at will.
A 5-conductor cable L1 is inserted from the input box to the distribution switchboard;L2;L3;N;PE, or 4-core L1;L2;L3;N, provided the TN-C-S grounding scheme is used or another grounding device is installed near the flap.
To connect the three-phase home equipment, the shield will need to be assembled according to the following scheme:
The assembly of the billboard for 380 volts is performed by a stranded wire with a cross section of at least 4 mm with colored insulation. Recommended colors are L1 red, L2 white, L3 black, N blue, PE yellow-green. In order to properly assemble a three-phase shield, you need to look closely at the protective devices that bear the phase markers for connecting the wires. This diagram shows four-pole RCD protection devices, with an additional N terminal; in conventional machines this terminal may be absent. In turn, the devices installed in the DIN rail rail are commuted, we measure the wire from terminal L1 to terminal L1 of the next device behind it, with a margin of 30%, for easy installation and operation.
We carry out this operation with all the terminals, however, note that pre-cut lengths are not recommended, because during assembly, notice that the length of the segment L1 is much shorter than the mounting piece L3.It is even better to assemble the shield using an assembly three-phase bus, which will save space and minimize the chances of confusing something. Separately, we put the zero bus and the PE bus, which must be connected to the body of the electricity meter.
If you do not have powerful equipment in your apartment or house, you need to assemble a shield on 380V so that each phase is evenly loaded with single-phase consumers. An example of such assembly of a three-phase electrical board in a private house can be seen below:
In this circuit of the electrical panel, the phases are distributed to a separate load, through single-pole automata and differential switches. L1, L2 and L3 are evenly loaded by consumers, according to the previously calculated expected load.
It is not recommended to do so - one phase to the sockets, the other to lighting, the third to any other needs, tk.it is important to distribute the load between L1, L2, L3.If one of the phases is excessively stressed, there is a subsidence of the voltage on it, at the same time a voltage rise occurs on the free ones. This phenomenon can often be observed in the winter, in the residential sector. If your neighbor in the phase turned on a powerful consumer, you have dim lights in the house, and the refrigerator started to buzz. Know this is the drawdown of your phase. At the same time, other neighbors, energized from other phases, start to glow brightly and explode, lamps burn out, and even a fire may occur.
As for the three-phase load, for it such a skew will be fatal. To prevent this from happening, when you decide to assemble the switchboard, additionally install a phase and voltage monitoring relay for the three-phase network. For a single-phase network, a voltage relay is connected. Check the load distribution using a multimeter with current clamp, which is shown in the photo below.
Well, the last option for assembling the electricity billboard for 380 volts is mixed, when three-phase and single-phase electric power consumers are present in the home power grid. In this case, you need to assemble the electrical panel in the following way:
Video tutorials on the installation of
If you are familiar with the information provided, you still do not fully understand how to properly assemble the three-phase shield, we recommend viewing the video, which demonstrates the assembly order:
That's all I wanted to tell you about how to build a power billboard 380with your own hands. As you can see, you can connect only if you have certain skills;When assembling, it is necessary to take into account a number of nuances, such as uniform load distribution and the correct choice of the nominal value of automata.
We also recommend reading:
- How to conduct electricity on the
- section Wire color marking
- How to calculate the cable section by power and current
