The content of the article:
- 1 We choose the project: why do we need a frame house?
- 2 Advantages of frame houses
- 3 Options for frame house projects
- 4 The process of construction of a frame house: the main stages of the
- 4.1 Stage one: laying the foundation
- 4.2 Stage two: install the lower strapping and the floor
- 4.3 Stage four: install overlap
- 4.4 Stage five:rafters and roof
- 4.5 Stage six: insulation
- 5 Video construction instructions for frame house
- 6 Frame house: exterior trim options
- 6.1 Brick lining
- 6.2 Wood cladding
- 6.3 Siding finish
- 6.4 Lining with thermal panels
- 6.5 Wet facade technology
- 6.6 Plastering
- 6.7 Other finishes
Choose the design: why do you need a frame house?
If you build a frame house with your own hands, you first need to select the project .To choose, you must determine the purpose of the house and other conditions. A house for permanent residence should have several other characteristics than a holiday house. The dacha, which is visited only in the summer, will differ in characteristics from the option with a year-round stay. Of course, houses in which they will live in winter or come to them periodically, should be different than the best
Another aspect of project selection is the availability of energy carriers .If the gas main is not nearby, then the most convenient and cheap option for heating is excluded. For heating with electricity, large rooms require a reliable electrical network with a stable voltage. In small villages and villages, the voltage is often low, and the network is not able to withstand a significant load.
All these features should be studied in time to find the optimal project in terms of size and other characteristics.
Advantages of frame houses
Thanks to modern technologies, frame houses are in no way inferior to traditional variants of logs, concrete or bricks. They have the necessary level of strength and reliability, are durable enough.
Among the advantages of frame buildings, should be noted, the rapid process of erecting and with respect to the low cost of the process.
The can be trimmed at any time of the year. All the surfaces of this house are smooth, which greatly facilitates the finishing process.
Because the building is light, you can save on the foundation for the for a frame house. Massive base is not required, you can choose simple in arrangement, easy options.
The thermal conductivity of walls is low for this type of house. Thanks to this, the rooms quickly warm up even in cold winter. In summer, high thermal insulation protects from excessive heat, preventing overheating.
To make the frame house fireproof, wooden elements are treated with special impregnations. Materials that are resistant to fire are also used.
The walls of the frame house are vapor-permeable , which provides ventilation without active heat loss.
Variants of frame house projects
Let's consider several frame house projects.
The first version has a living area of 10.72 sq. M, and the total area is 34.7 sq. M.m. The house is one-storey with an attic. Downstairs there is a kitchen, which is combined with a hallway, one room and a staircase leading to the attic. The exterior dimensions of the house are six by four meters.
Project of frame house 6x4.Photo
The second project has a total area of 44.35 square meters.m and a residential area - 13.63 square meters.m. Its external dimensions are six by five meters. The house has a kitchen-hallway area of 11.25 square meters.m, room and attic. At the entrance to the house there is a small porch with a roof protecting from precipitation. The floor of the ground floor and the attic are further insulated with Knauf materials. The rough floor is made of OSB.
The project of a frame house 6x5 with an attic. Photo
The third project of the frame house has a living area of 37.24 square meters.m. The total area is 72.7 square meters. The house has two floors. The first is the living room. In addition, there is a kitchen, a hall and a pantry. Instead of a pantry can be equipped with a bathroom. On the second floor there is a room and a bedroom. The entrance to the bedroom is through the room, i.е.it is a gateway.
The project of frame house 6х8 with an attic. Photo
The fourth project is a one-story frame house with a mansard, whose length is 9m, and width is 6. The living area of the house is 49.17 sq.m. The total area - 68.51 square meters. On the first floor there are large and small rooms. In the big one there is a staircase leading to the attic. In addition, on the first floor there is a small hall, a bathroom and a kitchen. The attic room occupies half of the area, and the second half is the so-called "second light" above the large room on the ground floor.
The finished project of frame house 6х9 with a penthouse. Photo by
The fifth project is a very small one-story country house with a living area of 9.95 square meters.m, the total area - 16, 95 square meters.m, and the dimensions are 5 by 4 meters. The layout of the house is extremely simple. Inside there is a kitchen, a small corridor and a living room.
Draft frame house 5 x4.Photo of a single-storey house
Sixth project - a frame house with a penthouse. Its living area is 49.53 square meters.m, and the total - 87.14 square meters. On the first floor there are two rooms, a hall, a pantry and a kitchen. In the attic space is directly attic and another room.
The seventh project is a house with a living area of 46.46 square meters.m and a total of 86.05 square meters. On the first floor there is a living room, a spacious hall with a staircase, a kitchen and a bathroom. In the attic floor there is also a spacious corridor, on each side of which there are two rooms.
The project of frame house 6х9 with an attic. Photo
The eighth project is presented by a house with a living area of 56.22 sq. M.m, a total area of 84.96 square meters. On the first floor there is a living room and another room, a corridor, a bathroom and a kitchen. In the attic there is a hall, one small room and two relatively spacious.
Ready-made design of frame house 6х9 with an attic. Photo
The process of building a frame house: the main stages of the
Stage one: laying the foundation
When choosing the foundation for a frame house, you should take into account the geological features of the site. In most cases, a pile-and-mortar option is chosen, and pile and band foundations are also used.
Stage Three: Assembling the Walls
There are two basic schemes for assembling frame walls. First: frame the walls are assembled in a horizontal position. Sometimes even sheet materials are fastened, and then raised. This method is convenient, but it is poorly implemented when the frame house is built with their own hands without additional help. It's hard to lift walls.
Frame house with your own hands. Step-by-step instruction
Installation of racks: step and section
The construction of the walls of the frame house begins with the installation of the corner posts. A bar with a section of 150x150mm or 100x100mm is used. Intermediate racks are made from a bar with a rectangular section: 50x150mm or 50x100mm.
When building the walls of a frame house it is important to choose the right distance between the racks. It must correspond to the load, and also be convenient for placing the heater. If heaters are used in mats, it is better to place the racks at the width of the mats immediately. This will make the warming process comfortable and fast.
Racks are fastened by nails, cutters or corners. The most convenient and easy way is the reinforced corners .The notch is also used, but it is required to make grooves in the lower strapping.
The top rail is installed on top, which is attached to vertical racks.
Raskosy: what is it and why do you need
When building a frame house, it is absolutely necessary that vertical racks strengthen with braces. They align elements and maintain their stability. If the walls are covered with slabs with high strength. That is used for temporary braces. They are then removed.
When assembling the paneling, for example from a lining, it is necessary to install permanent elements. The best option is to use on each rack four pieces.
Creating warm corners
If you build a frame house with your own hands, then special attention should be paid to the corners. Usually there is a bar in the corner. For the middle band, this option is cold. It needs to be additionally insulated. Possible options are shown in the diagrams.
Stage Four: Overlapping
Next, the frame house construction technology includes overlay mounting .The beams rest on the upper strap and are fixed to it with corners, support brackets or cutting.
The thickness of the overlap elements depends on what exactly will be on top. If the attic, then you can use more subtle elements than for the second residential floor. To arrange the second floor on the floor make rough floor .
Stage five: rafters and roof
The type of roof is determined when choosing a frame house project. This can be a standard pitched roof, mansard or any other option. Roofing material is selected by weight. It should be easy, so as not to create an additional load on the floor.
Stage six: insulation
Insulation is an obligatory component of the walls of the frame house. Most often, basalt wool is used in the form of mats. If the mats are a couple of centimeters greater than the distance between the posts, they are well supported by the bursting forces. Additionally use a special fastener.
Mineral wool has many advantages: it has high heat and sound insulation. However, it is sensitive to wetting, therefore insulating materials are necessarily required. On the street side, the waterproof and windproof vapor permeable membrane is used, and the vapor barrier membrane is located on the side of the room.
After the insulation is installed, the interior of the frame house is finished.
Video instructions for the construction of frame house
Using the presented video, you can clarify all the incomprehensible moments for building a frame building. All the details are considered in detail, starting with the laying of the foundation and ending with the interior finishing of the frame house.
Frame house: exterior finishes
There are many options for exterior finishing frame house. Depending on the material used, the house can look quite different.
Brick lining
A frame house can be bricked. Between the wall surface and the brickwork there should be a gap of three to five centimeters in width. This gap provides ventilation. If you do not leave it, then in cold weather, moisture will collect on the brick, which can damage the wall plates.
Exterior finishing of a frame house with brick. Photo:
Because the brick is a heavy material, it should not have a rigid connection to the wall. An increase in the bearing characteristics of the foundation is required. The brick part is masked with the overhang of the roof, window and door slopes.
Wooden cladding
For the facade of the frame house use a false rail, block house and similar materials. When using them, it is possible to exclude the outer covering of the walls by the slabs. Materials of finishing will be used instead. You can mount them both from inside and outside.
Exterior finish of a frame house with a tree. Photo
If there is a desire to increase the thermal insulation, it is better to make the finish on the crate, which is fastened to the finished wall. In this case, it is required to leave the ventilation gap.
Wood trim requires regular maintenance. Wood must be periodically impregnated with antiseptics and painted with special compounds.
Siding finish
The simplest and most widely used finish. If the outer part of the frame house is made of plywood or OSB sheets, the siding can be attached directly to these materials.
Exterior finish frame house siding. Photo
If you use a column-beam frame, you can do without sheeting with sheet materials, and replace them with siding. To increase the thermal insulation, the siding is fixed on the external rails, and the space between it and the wall is filled with one more layer of insulation with higher thermal insulation values.
Thermal panels lining
Thermal panels are a finishing material in which there is a layer of insulation and a facing layer. As a heater use polyurethane foam, a basalt material with high density. The outer layer is made of clinker materials, polymer concrete surface. Thermal panels can be already painted or they can be painted in the desired color after installation.
Glue thermo panels to the surface of the walls of the house. To avoid moisture condensation, it is necessary to fill the entire area with an adhesive compound.
Wet facade technology
Finishing the "wet facade" has a number of features when used for frame houses.
Firstly, polystyrene or basalt materials are not glued to wood chips with the help of moisture-containing compounds. Apply polyurethane adhesive.
Secondly, for fastening wood screws, as well as washers with a large diameter, are used.
All other stages of finishing are no different. The surface of the insulation boards is reinforced with glue compounds and mesh. Then put a primer, finishing the plaster layer, and then the wall is painted.
Plastering
Plastering is the most difficult and controversial of all methods of exterior finishing of a frame house. When plaster is applied to the joints between the OSB slabs, the plaster surface quickly crackes. This finish can be used as a temporary. In addition, the seams can be covered with decorative slats, which will simulate a half-timbered frame.
The walls of the OSB are first primed with deep penetration formulations. After that an alkali-resistant reinforcing mesh is attached to the surface. It can be attached with a furniture stapler. For plastering, it is better to choose elastic compounds that are specifically designed for OSB.
The resulting surface is painted or applied to it with a finishing layer of plaster with a decorative effect.
Other finishes for finishing
Among other types of finishing, mention should be made of the coloring or use of polymer coatings. Use should be made of the formulations that are intended directly for the OSB plates.
Polymer coatings can be acrylate or polyurethane based. On the layer of acrylate polymer it is necessary to apply an additional water repellent coating. Without it, the life of the finish will be shorter.
In polyurethane mixtures, cement is often added. Apply them with spatulas.
The pile foundation foundation is used to build a frame house, because it is reliable and relatively cheap. For arrangement, piles of TISE with an enlarged heel are often chosen. Thanks to the heel, the pile better resists punching and has better bearing characteristics than a conventional pile.
The foundation for a frame house with your own hands. Photo
For pouring piles, bore holes are drilled into which formwork is made of three layers of roofing material. You can use plastic or asbestos-cement pipes of the required diameter. Inside, the fitting is connected, connected by a triangle or a square.
After pouring piles set formwork for grillage. This is a concrete tape around the perimeter of the building. In the formwork lay the armature and connect it, connecting with the elements of the reinforcement from the piles.
To then fasten the strap to the band, set the studs at a distance of 1 - 2 meters. They are obligatory near the corners, at a distance of 30cm. The rest is set depending on the characteristics of the house. They should not be located less than 2 meters and there should be at least two walls on the wall.
When everything is ready to pour concrete and close it with polyethylene .It is required that the material does not dry out, but gain strength.
Stage two: install the lower strapping and the floor
When building a frame house with your own hands, you must remember about waterproofing the foundation .The upper surface of the tape is smeared with bituminous mastic, it is laid with a roofing material or waterproofing. If this is not done, then the wooden frame will pull moisture and rot.
Frame house with your own hands. Step-by-step photo
Next, the technology of construction of a frame house assumes the laying of the by the .This board thickness of 5cm and a width of 15cm. The length is chosen depending on the size of the foundation. In the right places in the boards drill holes for the studs. Over the first row, the second one is laid with overlapping joints. Instead of two rows of boards one row of the bar can be used, but it is more expensive and has a lower bearing capacity. 
Strapping and lagging
The strapping is attached to the leg. Use a board of the same size, placed on the edge. It is leveled along the edge and nailed with large nails in 40cm steps.
Frame house with your own hands. Step-by-step photo
Logs - the same boards as used. They are placed on the edge across the foundation and fastened with the butt to the strapping. The distance between the lags depends on the length of the span. The bigger it is, the more often lags are located. 
Technology of frame house construction. Photo
We lay and insulate floor
The variants of the scheme of the floors of the frame house can be different. Often immediately after installing the base under the flooring, is laid with insulation. Since this version is insulated to the flooring of the rough floor, only high-density EPS polystyrene can be used. He is not afraid of moisture, which will go from the ground.
To lay the insulation to the logs from both sides, crush the skull bars with sides of 5 cm. Plates of polystyrene are cut by a hacksaw and laid between the lags in two layers with overlapping of the seams. The slots along the perimeter are filled with a sealant.
The rough floor is laid over the insulation. The boards are laid with the alternation of the direction of the wave( see photo).Above, the board layer is covered with with plywood.
Frame house with your own hands. Step-by-step instruction
You can only use a plywood layer, but the material must be at least 1.5cm thick. Seams between sheets should not coincide. They should have a compensation gap of at least 3mm.
