Formwork is a system of building elements used for the accelerated construction of such elements of structures as walls, columns, ceilings, elevator shafts. There are two types of formwork: demountable formwork and non-removable. In this article we consider the second form of formwork - non-removable.
Formwork is called non-removable if, after solidification of concrete, the formwork system is not disassembled. More often blocks for non-removable formwork are made of expanded polystyrene or other heat-insulating material.
Collapsible
Non-removable formwork
Non-removable formwork technology
The technology of installing a fixed formwork is quite simple: after the creation of a detailed plan of the required structure, the shuttering system is installed and concrete is poured. After curing of the concrete, the formwork is not dismantled.
Formwork units are mounted on the principle of brickwork and are fixed with each other by means of locking elements( or by means of grooves).The opposite slabs of the formwork unit are fastened together by screeds( if necessary).Concreting is done layer by layer: no more than 3-4 rows of formwork blocks, it is necessary to use vertical reinforcement to increase the strength of the structure.
Installation of fixed formwork
Advantages of non-removable formwork
1. Increasing the reliability of the
2.Heat and sound insulation
Upon completion, the shuttering will play the role of an additional insulation. In addition, for example, polystyrene blocks have excellent sound insulation properties.
3. Saving the useful space
The wall made on the principle of concreting the frame from a fixed formwork is three times thinner than a standard brick wall, which allows you to save the "extra" meters of useful area both inside the erected building and outside.
4.Economy during the construction of
In addition to the fact that for the construction of structures from the formwork does not require the participation of bulky special equipment, this method is of low cost compared, for example, with brickwork or other types of construction. Due to the relative simplicity of the formwork assembly, labor costs are significantly reduced. The construction of an object with a fixed formwork is 5 times faster than with a removable form.
5. Economical operation of the object
High thermal insulation properties of the formwork will allow to reduce heating costs more than 3 times( compared to a similar brick house).
6. Lightness of finish
In the course of construction, perfectly smooth and smooth walls are obtained, with final finishing which significantly saves time and money, and when using façade, non-removable formwork, the facing of the external wall of the building is automatic.
7. Durability
Laboratory tests have shown that even in the most aggressive natural conditions, a house made of concrete and polystyrene blocks will last at least 100 years.
Fixed formwork with own hands
The installation of a non-removable formwork of the walls with its own hands will not cause significant problems even to a person without a special building education. Consider the mechanism of erecting a wall from polypropylene blocks.
For the installation of the formwork, the foundation of the future structure must be prepared accordingly: according to the plan, vertical reinforcement should be placed and a waterproofing material covering is made.
The installation of the first level of the blocks must be carried out with the utmost care and accuracy: the blocks are threaded onto the vertical reinforcement and fastened together in accordance with the technical documentation( slots or other locking devices).Screed inside polystyrene blocks is often not required, as provided by the manufacturer.
When laying the first level of the blocks in accordance with the plan, doorways and internal partitions are formed. The second level of blocks is laid according to the method of brickwork, the blocks need to be shifted to the side relatively lower. The verticality of the sides of the formwork is best checked by level. The third and subsequent levels of the blocks are laid out similarly to the first one, so that the side seams are in the same vertical plane.
At the stage of installation of the blocks, it is necessary to perform engineering communications laying.
Now you can start concreting. If there is no special tool( deep vibrator), then the pouring is done manually with the obligatory tamping of the layers with the help of improvised means( a wooden or rubber hammer can be used).
Thus, step by step, the wall is built up to the required height, but to give it special durability, the casting of the upper layer of blocks with concrete is made only half, so the upper edge of the monolith is inside the formwork.
We pour concrete into the formwork for
floors. In the same way, column formwork is made, the formwork of the floors should be entrusted to professionals.
Cost of fixed formwork
Price per 1 sq. M.the meter of non-removable formwork with blocks of polystyrene depending on the region can reach up to 1000 rubles, but on average it is 500-800 rubles. Calculate the total costs for the acquisition of formwork can be using a special calculator of the flow units online or when ordered from the supplier.
