To ensure their dwelling with water, a person uses different methods. If the private sector in settlements is in most cases connected to the central water supply system, how to be the owners of country houses and garden plots, for which free access to the water source is a real problem? One of the options for its solution is to equip a well in its own plot of land. Today I will talk about how to dig a well myself.
Choosing a place for a well
The first thing to do is to correctly determine the location for the construction of a well. To proceed with this it is necessary from the following considerations:
- whether there are underground aquifers on the site, and at what depth they lie. You can resort to the help of "folk craftsmen" who can find water with the help of a vine, or you can ask neighbors who already have wells. Sometimes determine the occurrence of groundwater by external signs: the presence of marsh vegetation, its active growth, many mosquitoes and midges in such places. There are many such signs. To check the correctness of the location, a drilling well is drilled( drilled).Do it best in summer, in dry weather. Then the meltwater, not the rainwater, will not distort the results of the test;
- build a well should be on the elevated site. This will rule out in the future its flooding with melt or rain water;
- well should not be located closer than 30 m from places that can serve as a source of dirt( dump, barn, toilet, etc.), otherwise the water in the well will be of poor quality. From the house a well should be located at a distance of more than 6 - 8 meters, otherwise well water will "undermine" the foundation of the structure;
- the installation site of the well should create the convenience of using it. And go free, and carry water nearby. Perhaps in the future you want to build an automated system of water supply to the house or to a site with water intake from the well. This means that you will need a place to install some equipment;
- properties of soil in a given locality. It is best to dig a well shaft in a solid ground. Then you do not have to equip a complex system of protection from soil shedding in the well.
After choosing a place for a well, you need to determine its type and the daily needs of the hosts in the water. It is necessary to take into account the amount of water for cooking, and for household needs( for watering the site, for example).Based on this, the dimensions of the well are calculated. It makes no sense to build a large well with a "modest" need for water. However, it should be borne in mind that in a too small well, the water can not settle well, therefore, when determining the size of the well, the best option should be chosen. It is best to ask what kind of wells the neighbors already have and whether they satisfy their needs. It should also be taken into account that it will be necessary to carry out maintenance of the mine, cleaning the well. In a tight space, such work will be difficult to do.
Types of wells
There are several types of wells depending on the version. For example, ring, mine, drilling. The traditional well consists of the upper part( head), the shaft( water intake) and the buzzer( accumulator).Most often the owner makes a well of mine type. If you use concrete rings, you need to buy them. Plus special equipment for their installation. Usually, at least three people dig a pit. One - in the pit, the second - on the surface, raises the buckets with the ground, and the third worker rests. This ensures continuity in work. It is necessary to take into account the security measures, including the likelihood of the appearance of gases.
When the mine is dug, the bottom is leveled and the excess water is pumped out. After this, the first frame of massive logs is installed. Then the crowns are erected vertically, and the seams are sealed with high-quality clay. After the installation of the crowns, the bottom is covered with coarse sand and gravel. A pipe is installed to vent the well. Its absence will lead to rotting of water, and the taste will be appropriate.
After the preparation of the mine is finished, a frame is put. It protects the mine from dirt and frost. From above put a canopy with a collar, to which is attached a metal handle. This is the simplest description of a well.
And finally, a cognitive video about how a person single-handedly excavated a well:
