Grounding in a private house: what affects the quality of the
Residents of apartment buildings usually recall the scheme of their homes electrical supply only in emergency situations, and the grounding design is often not even considered. It's good for them, all the work was done by the builders, but the owners of dachas and private houses are forced to ensure the electrical safety of their buildings and make their grounding themselves. 
Earthing electrical equipment and household appliances, which in our country life is becoming more and more necessary. Everyone understands this. But reliably ensure the safety of this equipment in a private house will only be able to ground properly, which, without consideration of certain factors, is impossible.
- Soil characteristics. At different sites and at different depths, the conductive properties of the soil( resistance) are very different. From these properties depends on what depth you will have to drive earthing( electrodes) and at what distance from the surface it is most rational to make a ground loop in the country.
- Area of contact with the ground. The solution of such a task is entirely in your power and depends on the chosen design. Below we give some recommendations on this issue. But remember, the larger the zone of "dumping" the current, the more effective the grounding scheme will work.
- Selection of materials. The problem is rather an economic plan, since the corners, brands or bars of steel and copper at prices differ by an order of magnitude, but the latter, naturally, significantly benefit in properties.
- Construction. As it is possible to properly make a grounding in the dacha by one's own hands( one of the projects), we will tell below, here we simply note that in fact the contour can be performed in any shape and from any metal profiles. If only he could work.
How to make a grounding with your own hands
The main process, though laborious, but with electricity is not connected. It is enough to be a skilful digger and a good fitter. By itself, the ground loop is the buried vertical and horizontal grounding conductors and the grounding conductor that connects them to the switchboard. Here are some recommendations. 
- At a distance of no more than 1 m( optimally) from the structure, we mark an equilateral triangle with a side of 1.5-2 m.
- With a margin around 0.5-0.7 meters( for mounting or welding) to a depth of 0.5-1m digging out a trench.
- By marking the corners of the triangle, electrodes are driven into the depth of 2-3 m. In the simplest case, this is a steel corner 50x50x5 mm. For the convenience of penetration, the ends can be cut off at an angle or drilled at 1-1.5 m. Sledgehammer in hand and forward. It is not recommended to use industrial fittings for these purposes. Ocalin on the surface and the rapid occurrence of a corrosive layer significantly increase the resistance of such conductors.
- The horizontal ground loop is laid. It can be made from the same corners or strip steel( which is much simpler).Mounting to vertical electrodes is better done by welding, but also a neat bolt joint will work too.
- The grounding conductor is connected to the assembled horizontal grounding elements and, on the dug trench, is brought to the foundation of the structure. The same steel strip( 40x4 mm) or steel wire with a diameter of 8-10 mm can be used as a conductor.
- At the end of the grounding connection to the house, we make a reliable contact for connecting the grounding system of the house to the distribution switchboard.
- Dug trenches are covered with earth and carefully rammed.
The basic preliminary work with the grounding loop is considered complete, there remains a real nonsense - to connect.
Connection of the stand-alone earthing system
All the laborious steps behind, it remains only to tie your dashboard to the ground and correctly make the wiring. If you do not understand anything in electrical engineering, you can simply choose the cable cross-section, buy the right section and call an electrician. For those who are ready to do all the work on the dacha on their own, we recommend to stop on the TT circuit, more expensive( installation of an RCD, relay), but allowing compared to TN-C-S, to ground in a private dwelling with your own hands in the final stage. 
The contact of your circuit with PEN input( zero - working protection) in this case is not required, all household appliances and electrical equipment will be autonomously closed on the grounding bar of the switchboard. However, we do not impose such a choice.
