Waterproofing of the balcony, as well as loggias and terraces, will protect the structures from the negative effects of atmospheric precipitation.
In closed and glazed buildings due to high humidity may appear fungus, spoiling the finishing materials.
First of all, the reinforced concrete slab suffers from excess moisture.
In winter, the water that enters the pores of concrete expands, resulting in microcracks appearing.
The metal frame is corroded.
Waterproofing of constructions of open type will prevent spoilage of load-bearing elements and will considerably increase the service life.
Contents:
- Waterproofing methods
- Insulation of vertical partitions and roofs
- Insulation of wooden balcony and terraces
- Installation of drainage systems
Waterproofing methods
Methods for waterproofing balconies, terraces and loggias:
- Floor treatment;
- Covering with waterproofing materials of the entire internal area of loggias, terraces or balconies;
- Additional protection of the structure from the outside. In this case, external or internal gutters, gangway, roof, visors are installed. The gangway is necessary for the internal drainage system.
Depending on the type of construction, a method of protection against atmospheric precipitation is selected. For an open balcony in a multi-storey building, it's enough to have simple flooring.
For closed structures it is necessary to arrange not only waterproofing, but also to take measures for insulation and vapor barrier.
In a wooden house, you should think about full internal sealing and appropriate processing outside all balconies, loggias and terraces.
The waterproofing of the balcony with its own hands is usually carried out by penetrating or lubricating composites, which reliably protect the surface of the floor and ceiling.
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The same materials are used to seal the joints and corners of balcony structures and terraces.
On open balconies, ceramic tiles or natural wood are often used as a floor covering.
The laying process is simple, the main thing is to prepare a flat surface and use a frost-resistant adhesive.
The tree is soaked with primer and antifungal seps before starting work, and after covering it is covered with several layers of coating insulation.
How to operate on an open balcony:
- Carefully remove the floor covering( if any).
- Inspect the floor surface for any peeling areas.
- Remove loose concrete using a perforator;
- Rigid brush clean the plate from debris and dust;
- In order for the screed to fill the entire plate evenly, treat all the cracks with a bulgaria( enlarge the small ones a little and align them with a large one);
- Remove all rust from the open parts of the valve and cover the metal with an anti-rust agent;
- Treat the board with a suitable primer and fill with cement mortar;
- In the same way, a waterproofing of the ceiling of the balcony is carried out;
- As an additional measure of protection, you can install an internal or external system. For internal drainage, a ladder is needed to collect the sediments and then remove them to the outside. The gangway is installed at the bottom of the floor plate.
Insulation of vertical partitions and roofs
For foiling a balcony from inside( walls and parapets), foamed polystyrene foam is suitable. The material is glued to a special moisture and frost resistant adhesive.
The outer part is treated with omental insulation. The surface is first moistened well, after which it is covered with a brushing mixture with a brush.
The composition is applied in a thin layer( 1 mm) in one direction. After 5-6 hours perpendicular to the first one is made one more layer. The seams between the tiles must be laid with reinforcing mesh.
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To seal joints, it is recommended to use polyurethane sealants. Unlike silicone materials, they provide sufficient resistance to temperature changes and wind loads.
When pouring the floor, a wall-based compensation joint should be installed to prevent the appearance of cracks during frost.
For its formation in the space between the stove and the wall, a rubber band is laid before filling the cement mix.
For closed and insulated structures it is necessary to arrange a vapor barrier, without which condensation forms inside the glazed balcony and all waterproofing works will be useless.
For the vapor barrier device, roll or tile materials are used: geosynthetic or PVC membranes.
Distinction of the vapor barrier from waterproofing:
- Waterproofing protects the structure against moisture from outside;
- The function of vapor barrier is to prevent the formation of condensation inside a balcony or loggia;
After the treatment of walls and floor, waterproofing of the balcony roof is required. Reduce work can only be if the neighbors on the top floor completely protected their balcony from rain and frost.
In this case only the ceiling part is processed. Those who live on the last floor, will have to mount a hinged roof.
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Ceiling insulation works are recommended for use with polyurethane mastics. Their high cost is compensated by a long service life.
Impregnated with such a mastic ceiling will last more than 25 years, while roll materials will have to be changed every 3-4 years.
In a private house, it is possible to apply an insulation layer not only from the inside, but also from the outside. The apartment will have to carry out all work only inside the structure.
At first, the ceiling plate is thoroughly cleaned of dirt. Then you can waterproof the ceiling of the balcony from inside with polyurethane mastic.
To achieve a stable effect, it is recommended to apply 3-4 layers of insulating mixture with a break for drying of each layer.
Detailed instructions for waterproofing the balcony can be found on the video.
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Insulation of a wooden balcony and terraces
The waterproofing of open terraces and balconies is significantly different from the protection of reinforced concrete structures.
Wooden buildings are characterized by an original beauty, so the owners try to keep their appearance in an unchanged state.
Waterproofing the balcony of a wooden house, at a minimum, means impregnating the boards with antiseptics to prevent the appearance of the fungus.
When self-erecting balconies and terraces made of wood, it is recommended to mount deck decking with a gap between the floor boards of several mm.
Under the flooring, a metal sheet is laid under a slight slope, and the drain is taken out to the street.
If it became necessary to make a waterproofing in a ready-made wooden house, the floors must be removed, the concrete screed must be laid and covered with waterproofing: penetrating impregnation, bituminous mixtures or roll materials.
After drying the substrate, you can again lay the boards.
Waterproofing with liquid rubber is also allowed. The material is covered with a rough floor located below the main one. With this option, the gap between the boards should not be.
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They are covered with mastic with good adhesion to the boards, specially designed for processing wooden balconies and terraces. For the spraying of liquid rubber special equipment is required.
If it is not, then you can pour the rubber into molds and after hardening get membrane sheets. Subsequently, they are laid on the draft base, the seams are poured with a fresh rubber solution.
Sheets are recommended to be stacked in 2 rows in staggered order. The finishing floor further presses and compacts the rubber layer.
Above the open wooden balconies, waterproofing of the side walls, roof or top plate is mandatory.
For working with a roof, roll materials, such as roofing material, hydroglass, are usually used.
Installation of drainage systems
Open balcony structures are convenient, especially in sunny weather. But the finishing materials can suffer from precipitation.
To prevent this, the landlord must determine in advance how to make the balcony waterproofing.
One of the most common options is the installation of a drainage system.
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External troughs are mounted exclusively on small balconies, the length of which does not exceed 4 meters. The width of the gutter is approximately 70 cm, and the diameter of the pipes is 70-150 mm.
For structures with a larger area, it is necessary to lay an internal drain at the design stage and ensure the drainage of water to the ladder. For this, the ladder is located at the bottom of the cover.
For the installation of an internal water outlet system, a balcony ladder and balcony funnels are installed. The trap is installed in the floor plate between layers of waterproofing.
The funnel must be equipped with several water outlet pipes located at different levels.
To avoid emergency situations, it is better to install not one ladder, but several multi-element funnels and siphons connected to downspouts.
If the architectural features of the building do not allow the use of downspouts, you can make a direct outlet of water outside through a special drain.
In glazed balconies, metal or galvanized tin can be reinforced with a mounting foam under the window frame.
Castings are installed at an angle of 10-15 °, they are fastened together with self-tapping screws. Wide ebbs are additionally strengthened by corresponding brackets.
Ebbs in the upper part of the balcony are also fixed with brackets mounted in the wall. The joint seam is treated with sealants.
