Heat pumps for heating a private house

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Thermal energy is almost everywhere: in the ground, water and even in the air. She was there all the time, but just learned to learn it relatively recently. The thing is that even in the air, the temperature of which is approaching zero, this energy is enough to heat a private house of quite a large area - it's just scattered, and it was rather problematic to collect it. But not now, when the best minds of mankind have developed heat pumps for heating .

The principle of the heat pump has been known for a long time, and it was recently realized how to use it in terms of alternative energy for heating buildings. By and large, the heat pump is a kind of refrigerator, but instead of cold it produces heat. Never noticed how hot can be a powerful industrial refrigerator outside? This is exactly the effect about which we are talking.

Heat pumps for home heating

Heat pumps for home heating

There are four types of heat pumps:

  • primer-water;
  • water-to-water;
  • water-to-air;
  • air-to-air.

Their names speak for themselves. For example, the ground-water heat pump draws heat from the bowels of the earth, concentrates it and processes it into the energy of hot water, which heats the building. In general, you understand, the first word in the name says about the heat source, and the second - about the coolant( the air-to-air pump concentrates heat from the air and heats the room with a jet of hot air).

Each of the four types of heat pumps for heating has its advantages and disadvantages. Take, for example, a soil-water pump, a fairly deep well is needed for its normal functioning. Such heat pumps for heating have very high efficiency, because from the depths of the earth it extracts heat no lower than 15 ° C.And warm it up with water to a temperature of 60-70 degrees Celsius pretty easy. But heat pumps, taking energy of water or air, are a little more difficult, but unlike the first, they do not need a well for their work.

In principle, heat pump heating technologies are equivalent and there are no special differences in them. But they have a lot in common - they all allow you to almost completely abandon the use of such natural resources as gas, gasoline, diesel fuel or electricity. From the last one, it did not turn out completely - the pump will not work without electricity. But this does not mean that you have to pay large bills for electricity - it is only needed for the compressor. Let's just say, for every kilowatt of electric energy expended the heat pump produces 10-12 kW of heat energy.

Heating by heat pump

Heating by heat pump

The whole process of heating a house with a heat pump can be presented in the form of a cycle - it is named for the inventor. The reverse Carnot cycle looks like this. The refrigerant( gas like the Freon familiar to us) under very high pressure through the smallest openings - the capillaries, gets into the evaporating chamber, in which, thanks to a very sharp decrease in pressure, it evaporates and takes away heat from the internal walls of the evaporating chamber. The last chamber, in turn, selects heat from the water, earth or air contour. Next comes the selection and compression of the vapor refrigerant by the compressor - at this moment the gas temperature rises sharply and its release into the so-called condenser.

In the condenser, the refrigerant is already at a temperature of 85 to 125 degrees Celsius. It is in the condenser with the help of a special heat exchanger that the heating medium is heated, which serves to heat the room. And the coolant itself cools down, giving away the warmth of the liquid, and returns to the capillaries to repeat the entire Carnot cycle again and again.

There is a special thermostat for controlling the heat pump of heating. When the room temperature reaches the set point, it will fire and the heat pump will stop working. And, conversely, when the temperature in the house decreases, the pump is switched on again.

home heating by heat pump

Heating the house with a heat pump

Like many things in our world, heat pumps for heating can not only heat water or a room, but also cool them. Achieved it is quite simple - the pump is additionally equipped with a reversing valve, and now you no longer have a heat pump, but a universal microclimate generator that can both heat the room and cool it. And at the same time, and reduce the cost of maintaining comfortable climatic conditions by about 75%, in contrast to units that operate on traditional fuels. Hence the cost of the heat pump - together with the installation of the entire system as a whole, this pleasure will cost you around 10,000 Euros and above. It all depends on the power of the pump and the heated area.

Author Sergey Golikov


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