Existing species and subspecies of ventilation systems
Natural ventilation - the most simple form of ventilation
natural ventilation - the most ancient way of room ventilation. It is based on the elementary knowledge of physics. It comes natural way and does not require any special equipment. Because of the differential air temperature and atmospheric pressure there is different breathability, which creates a favorable microclimate. Under the force of the wind fresh air is pushed inside and outside the terminals. there are air ducts for the organization of this process. These devices are always provided in the projects and laid in the construction of buildings. It should also be borne in mind that the normal functioning of natural ventilation depends on the construction materials. Brick wall or wooden structure, in comparison with concrete, air is passed much better. Panels coated with paints and cement layer that reduce permeability. Improved air purification process occurs only by opening windows in the rooms.
Aeration - an easy way of natural ventilation in the room
natural ventilation system in which air mass fed and removed by the action of a natural environment, called spontaneous. The second kind of natural ventilation is organized. When it air movement provided by the apertures. They are strategically located at different heights and have different sizes. In turn, organized ventilation is divided into tiered, gravity and aeration.
Useful advice!When designing your own apartment building one of the first steps should be to calculate natural ventilation system.
Such a system has both advantages and disadvantages. The former include no high cost and ease of installation. But her total dependence on external climatic conditions - it is a huge minus.
Scheme airflow inside the house by natural ventilation
Manual or mechanical ventilation
In cases where natural ventilation capacity is not enough - you must install artificial. The basis of its operation is to apply special devices for displacement of used air and replacing it with clean. One of the distinguishing characteristics of these systems is the handling of air. Depending on the moisture readings occur, cleaning, heating or cooling. The devices providing this work: filters, scrubbers, heaters, various kinds of fans and air ducts. Designing buildings with this type of ventilation carries a great deal of work yet before installing. At this stage must be present technical, economic and sanitary-hygienic substantiation of the project. What is important is the correct definition of what kind of ventilation creates an optimum microclimate.
During mechanical ventilation of the room is further possible humidification, purification, heating or cooling air
If we consider the pros and cons of an artificial system, it is possible to highlight the following:
- no depending on the time of year and weather conditions;
- made any necessary precisely in a certain situation, the kind of treatment;
- more expensive option compared to natural;
- large power consumption.
Very often, to vzaimokompensirovat advantages and disadvantages of the various systems, mixed versions are used.
EXAMPLE ventilation arrangement in a two cottage
Ventilation and air extraction, their main components
According to the purpose ventilation systems are divided into two groups: the supply and exhaust. Ventilation system It is a type of mechanical ventilation. The principle of its work put forced supply of fresh air into the room. Exhaust air exits the outside by natural ventilation.
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All kinds of ventilation consist of:
- Supply fans - enable air inflow.
- Muffler - reduces the noise produced by the installation.
- Heater - supply air can be heated. This is especially true in the winter season. If heating occurs from the power supply, such a type is called electric. If heating occurs from the central heating system - it is a water type.
- Suction grille - intended for mechanical filtering contaminants that may enter from the outside.
- Filter - cleans air supplied from various impurities. Distinguish coarse filters, fine and very fine cleaning.
- Valve - does not let air into the premises at the time when the system is turned off.
- Duct - channels through which circulate the air masses.
Ventilation ducts hidden in the false ceiling of plasterboard
Each Supply unit can have these or other components depending on what the customer needs. Healthy environment will depend on the well-matched system components.
Ventilation system is used to improve the natural ventilation and for removal of exhaust air. Work is the basis of exhaust fans in these devices.
The air handling system - the most efficient form of ventilation
The most optimal view of the ventilation is forced-air. The name itself says that it uses as the intake and exhaust installations. It is this type can provide the necessary microclimate in houses and industrial premises. It must be remembered that only their balanced performance will give a positive result. Engineering account for all the possible circulation of air in the adjacent areas. Otherwise, the process is out of control.
The scheme of supply and exhaust ventilation system of a private house
The types of ventilation may include ventilation and stirring displacement ventilation. Stirring takes place directly in the room. Fresh air enters the inside using special rigs diffusers, mixed with the already mature and with it removed through a special valve. displacement process takes place on the basis of a simple law of physics. air distribution system is installed on the floor level. Force of them clean incoming air rises and displaces the exhaust warmer, via vents in the ceiling. This procedure creates the necessary air.
Ventilation grilles Supply and exhaust channels
Types of air ducts for ventilation
The venting system includes various devices connected to the duct channels. They are an integral part of the natural and mechanical ventilation. Their main function is to transport air masses to create a comfortable environment.
The effectiveness of their work depends on three factors:
- form ducts;
- used for the manufacture of the material;
- Device sectional size.
Important!When you select a duct, the focus should be given to the above basic characteristics. But no less important parameters are the compactness, durability, insulation and sealing.
The use in a ventilation system flexible corrugated duct
There is a division into rigid and flexible ducts. Flexible used where necessary to the branching channels. For their installation requires additional fixing. Most often, only the combination of different types of duct brings the desired results.
Types of fans for rooms with mechanical ventilation
Given the purpose of rooms and their sizes, pick the necessary fan model. The houses need ventilation is associated with a poor hood in the kitchen, no windows in the bathroom and toilet. This leads to poor air exchange in homes and spread of undesirable odors in the residential areas. In this case, will help improve the microclimate fan. The choice of fans is based on several criteria.
The scheme of work of air handling units with built-in fan
To get the most good performance of the exhaust system must be taken into account:
- performance;
- noise characteristics;
- degree of protection against moisture;
- protection from high temperatures;
- convenient operation.
At the moment, for rooms with a mechanical exhaust ventilation system, there are a huge number of fans. In most cases, they depend on their destination. There are window fans, kitchen, bathroom and toilets, cafes and restaurants, and many others.
Fan with electronic control panel
Local and general ventilation of residential and industrial buildings
According to the service area of the ventilation types are divided into two classes: local and general exchange. If the maximum concentration of harmful emissions accounted for a clearly defined space area, use local exhaust ventilation. It is necessary to remove contaminants from the area of a particular job, and does not extract air to spread to the rest of the territory. In the domestic environment, the most striking example of this form of mechanical ventilation is a kitchen hood. This type is called a local exhaust ventilation. In manufacturing plants, this problem is solved with the help of local exhausts. Contaminants are removed according to the principle of natural movement - hot noxious fumes are removed upward and cold harmful gases are heavy and fall downwards. Local ventilation is applied in the form of air showers, air oasis and air curtains.
EXAMPLE local ventilation mechanical type - extractor hood
If needs are not clearly defined area to be cleaned, the local system will be ineffective. In this case, a general ventilation. It caters to the entire room, or a significant part of it. General exchange system removes exhaust heat, gases, moisture, dust, liquids and odors pair of buildings. The most basic type of such system is the fan motor. It set a window or doorway. More sophisticated version - is the use of fans with exhaust duct.
General exchange supply air system supplies fresh air and distributes it throughout the room. A feature of the general exchange inflow system is the ability to compensate for its lack of heat. For this purpose, the feed air is heated prior to feeding.
In most cases, removed from the room and an equal amount of air is supplied. There are times when extracted more, and is compensated by the lack of air flow from the neighboring rooms.
The circuit arrangement in offices of general ventilation
Underground channel and the ventilation system
Next characteristics that classify the ventilation system - a method of construction. They may be ducted and ductless.
The channel system is composed of a plurality of ducts, the main task of which - the transport air. An important advantage of such systems is their compact size and the possibility of hidden installation. Channel ventilation equipment can be used without isolating the individual space. It can be placed in niches, mines, under the false ceiling. Established such a rectangular or circular cross-section in the hardware-based system. The most popular today are the installation of rectangular cross section.
Air conditioning with the function of the climate control as part of a home ventilation system
Underground system has no ducts. It is based on the use of fans installed, for example, in the wall opening. Air mass in such a system are moving through the gaps, slots, vents and thus supported microclimate created.
ventilation system design is still typesetting or monoblock. Typesetting system allows individual selection of the components of which it consists. They are vent filter, silencer, automation device, various types of fans. Plus it will always be what it is able to ventilate any room. It may be a small office, and a spacious hall of the restaurant. In most cases, such installation is located on a separate plenum.
Layout vents indoors
If designed monobloc system, it will be a necessary condition for compactness. This is due to the fact that you need to place it within a single isolated body. Monoblock system has already finished version and installed one.
Important!The main advantage of the monoblock system - its insulation. Also of note is the small size and ease of installation.
Ventilation Design Features
Considering what types of ventilation are and their basic settings, you can achieve the desired result. In buildings with poor ventilation system there is a risk of dust accumulation.
Installation of the ventilation duct in a drop box with his hands
The use of household cleaning products, home appliances work lead to changes in the chemical and physical characteristics of the air. Design of any premises or industrial buildings is not without pre-designed ventilation system.
Important!Calculations and ventilation systems requirements stipulated by the relevant laws and rules of construction.
A well designed system makes it possible to achieve the desired parameters of microclimate. Different types of ventilation facilities - residential, public, industrial - have their own standards and requirements. This is an important engineering and technological aspect. Only the competent performance of the design of ventilation systems will ensure a stable optimum conditions in any building.
