Exhaust ventilation. Its characteristics, the device, the advantages and disadvantages

Construction of the ventilation system should consider at the stage of planning and construction

Natural ventilation

Air exchange in facilities equipped given type of ventilation is carried out strictly according to the laws of physics. Speed ​​of wind gusts, the amplitude of the external and internal temperatures, the amplitude of the pressure - main engines process air circulation. Total dependence on weather conditions - its biggest drawback. During summer, when the difference in temperature inside and outside the building is almost zero, the air exchange is stopped. A winter Conversely temperature amplitude is large, the cold air flows well from outside, and the process of heating is due to the internal heating system. Energy costs are very large - the thermal energy is spent on heating outside air. Increase coefficient ventilation system efficiency can open windows and skylights, gaps in window frames, the gaps between the floor and the door. In residential apartment buildings natural ventilation exhaust ducts equipped in the kitchen and bathroom. The big drawback is that the management of this type of ventilation can not be done.

Air vents for natural ventilation at home

natural ventilation It has a lot of positive qualities, but it is necessary to pay due attention to its shortcomings, since they can cause problems in the further operation. Construction of such a system should be extremely high quality and thoughtful, adjust, or "tweak" anything in the course of its work will not succeed.

Strengthening the chimney effect by a deflector

Natural ventilation apparatus consists of internal channels, and exhaust ducts horizontal shaft. To strengthen the extraction of air from the premises in two ways: by setting on the fan duct inlet ventilation or by installing special nozzle - deflector. This device, via which creates or increases the already existing traction in ventilation ducts. It is set on the roof, at the outlet of the ventilation shaft. This arrangement increases the air intake by rotating the integrated turbine. The main driving force of his work - the wind. In the absence of the wind deflector helps to avoid back draft. Competent selection of such items will allow to obtain a tangible increase in air flow at 20%.

Deflector helps to create or increase the air draft ventilation channels

There are several types of deflectors:

• with flat cover - the most simple in execution. Very often skilled owners do it themselves;
• with removable cover - is most often used for smoke ducts. Removability cover greatly facilitates the process of cleaning;
• with a gable cover - this type of attachment is very well protects the vents from precipitation (snow, rain);
• spherical shape - suitable for any exterior. Not just a beautiful fit, and even decorate it.

Most often, the deflector is used in ventilation systems with natural type of motivation, but it can strengthen and enforce system designed motivation.

Spherical vents decorate the exterior of any home

Installation of exhaust ventilation deflector is quite simple. First, the lower cylinder is fastened with bolts and nuts to the ventilation opening. Further, the diffuser is attached, inverted cone and the cap.

Important!Experts recommend to install deflector 1.5 - 2 m above the roof level. In this manner significantly increases the thrust.

A separate species is the smoke deflector. It is installed on the flue outlet. Exhaust smoke ventilation increasingly in demand in the industries where there is a risk of fire. This system plays an important role in the onset of fire, evacuating noxious gases carbon monoxide and smoke. For residential premises is less relevant and are rarely used in them.

Example arrangement of ventilation in high-rise building

Calculation circuit and installation of ventilation

Setting the ventilation of any kind - quite a time-consuming process. Only trained professionals can correct approach to this issue.

Methods for calculating the parameters of ventilation

Always start with the calculation of ventilation. To do this, you need to know how much air must be forcibly removed from the premises. There are state and hygiene regulations governing standards in the field.

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An experienced engineer always knows where to find the information you need. Using the reference tables and information, it calculates the amount of circulated air, and then, what parameters it must possess. exhaust ventilation system of a residential building calculated according to these rules. It uses several basic methods: by the floor area, according to the multiplicities and SNIP.

Properly invested ventilation - the key to a healthy microclimate in the house

The calculations of floor space - the easiest way. It based on the fact that the rules must be submitted 3 cubic meters of air per 1 square meter of space. The number of people into account is not taken.

According to health and safety standards in the rooms for one person, who is always in building must be 60 cubic meters, and for one person, which is a temporary, 20 cubic meters air. Enter the amount of air space should be equal to forcibly retracted.

The most time-consuming calculation is considered by the multiplicity. Number of air - is a number indicating the number of times the air is completely replaced within one hour. There are tables with those in their multiplicities specifically for each room. Special formulas perform calculations that are directly dependent on these table values ​​and the volume of the space.

External elements of a modern ventilation system with automatic control

Schematic diagram of natural and mechanical ventilation exhaust

Natural ventilation is the most simple scheme. Such a system consists of an air intake grills, hoods and exhaust vent.

In the mechanical ventilation circuit includes more elements: an air inlet grille, hood and venting, fan, insulation and ventilation ducts. such a device is controlled electronically, which completely controls the forced removal process designated air masses.

The ventilation grille with an adjustable flow control valve allows the supply air

Quality installation exhaust ventilation systems with their hands - it is possible

Once made all the calculations and choose the desired components, proceed directly to the installation of ventilation. Very relevant for residential local exhaust ventilation. Most people use the hood in the kitchen. Its installation can be carried out as a professional, and independently. Forcibly exhaust air, steam and odors are ejected through the channels ducts. exhaust ventilation control in the kitchen is done manually switched on and off as needed.

Local ventilation exhaust their own hands can be easily mounted using flexible ducts. Installing the hood in the kitchen is made directly over the stove. A better option would be to bring the outlet to the outside. In the opposite case, summing pipe Channels in natural ventilation air can obtain the effect of the reverse thrust. Clearly following the instructions in advance to prepare the necessary materials and tools, each with easily establish an excellent exhaust system in the kitchen.

Important!The working surface of the hood must be greater than the width of the plate. Couples should not go beyond it.

General concepts of supply and exhaust ventilation

In many areas a ventilation is often not enough. The massive use of plastic windows and doors with a tight-fitting seal leads to blockage of the fresh air intake.

This problem can solve the installation of ventilation. With its help provide a solution of two important issues: a supply of clean air and output already spent.

Built into the design of plastic windows vent promotes natural air exchange in the room

The natural ventilation system, which is most often used in homes, is in fact a very simple ventilation system. But, as already mentioned, it is almost impossible to control. Therefore, an effective solution would supply and exhaust device of a mechanical type ventilation system. It forcibly carry out air feeding and concludes it provides movement in both directions. Installing such a system is very beneficial for the fact that the request to add additional components that significantly improve indoor air quality. Such components may be a device for moistening the inlet air or heating. Additional heating is called heat recovery and greatly increases the rate residential energy efficiency.

Basement vents are equipped with grids, preventing the ingress of rodents and small items

Calculation and the main constituent elements of supply and exhaust ventilation

Calculation of ventilation - the first step to installing it. From it depends on how the system will function in the future. You first need to determine the purpose of the premises (residential, industrial, warehouse, etc.), its total area and the maximum number of people are in it. According to these figures and tables taken from regulatory parameters multiplicity of necessary calculations. Thereafter developed diagram ventilation.

Scheme ventilation may include such components:

• duct - a channel for distribution of air mass;
• fan - a device that forcibly feeding or exhaust air;
• intake grille - its installation ensures that the system will never get a foreign object or a small animal;
• air intakes and diffusers - are responsible for managing the continuous air circulation and distribution;

Example arrangement of forced ventilation of private homes

• air valve - does not give the incoming air into the room when the entire device is turned off;
• silencers - control noise generated by the fan;
• filter - is used to remove dust and very small substances;
• heater - a device for heating air during the winter;
• recuperator - a special device for saving electric power;
• Control system - controls the operation of all the components turn on and off the installation, according to the fault.

Installation of ventilation

Construction of ventilation begins with the wiring channel duct indoors. Subsequently establish additional structural elements on the outer side of the structure. The last conclusion is mounted duct. A device of this type is required to comply with the rule: the air circulation must pass on the direction of the living rooms to the bathroom and the kitchen.

Particular attention should be paid to the output pipe fasteners ventilation system to prevent damage due to strong gusts of wind

Useful advice! Supply and exhaust ventilation with his hands set without too much difficulty. Experts advise to pay particular attention to pipe fasteners, as they are under the pressure of the air flow. For weak fastening connections may differ.

Recovery system - the key to the right to save

Natural ventilation is quite energy intensive during the cold season. Management of incoming air masses could not be implemented, and their task falls to heating to the heating system.

mechanical ventilation apparatus performs forced air intake from outside. In winter, the temperature is significantly below room temperature. The heating system in the same way will continuously operate for heating the incoming flow as in the natural ventilation. Again, the energy consumption is very high.

The operating principle of the heat exchanger

To solve the problem of leading manufacturers in this area suggest the use of ventilation with heat recovery. Recuperator - a device which exchanges heat between the warm (forcibly outputted) and cold (forced incoming) air flows. Its design provides the only heat, not giving back to penetrate different odors or moisture. recuperator management is quite simple. The design included - heat transfer is carried out, off - no heat. with the recovery system is very energy efficient and, despite its high cost, quickly pays for itself. Air handling unit with heat recovery now most in demand among consumers.

Exhaust ventilation: summing

Effective ventilation is very important for buildings of any destination. Less productive natural system has a simple device. Strengthen its capacity to help the deflector. Attaching a mechanical type of equipment is technically more difficult to do this. But such a simple control system and the ability to adjust the parameters of the incoming air have a positive impact on the room climate.

Extractor hood - an example of local exhaust ventilation

Local exhaust ventilation in the kitchen demonstrates to everyone the importance of such equipment. All unnecessary odors, fumes, vapors and exhaust ventilation forcibly removed. It is always a positive effect on air quality not only in the kitchen but also in the whole house as a whole.

Recovery system is very practical in terms of reducing energy consumption. And, if thoroughly delve into the description of the device, it is possible to produce a heat exchanger with his own hands, to significantly improve the performance of the ventilation system.