A warm balcony is not only a small full-fledged room, but also a kind of "barrier" between the living room and the outside air. With the onset of cold weather, it is clearly felt in those apartments where the owners carried out a quality warming of the balcony or loggia. There is an opinion that it is enough to install the frames and make glazing - and the problem is solved. This approach is rather simplistic, since reliable thermal insulation is a series of activities that are worth exploring in detail.
Preparatory Part
Any work begins with a thorough cleaning of everything that is necessary and unnecessary. The balcony should remain completely empty, in a "pristine" form - no facings, flooring, and so on. What is it for?
Firstly, , it is necessary to visually check the condition of all surfaces - walls and slabs( both your balcony and located above).This will identify all the defects that have arisen( splits, shells, exposed bars of the armature).Naturally, such shortcomings are subject to elimination.
Secondly , "its" plate is given special attention. It is desirable to inspect it from all sides. This is done from the balcony of the neighbors on the floor below. It is possible that the detected damage can not be eliminated. That is why only after analyzing its readiness to bear the load( what?) Is the choice of materials and, accordingly, the way of their installation is determined. Therefore, it is not necessary to copy the acquaintances who conducted the warming "in such a way and are very satisfied."
Thirdly, , you need to understand that any material is destroyed over time. Hence both the slab and the wall from the outside must be protected from harmful influences. This is especially true for panel houses, since the products from w / w absorb the liquids well.
Fourthly, , the choice of methods and materials is influenced by such factors as the decoration of adjacent balconies( bottom, top, side).It's one thing if they are already warmed to some extent, and the other is if the wind "walks" through them.
Acquisition of materials
When selecting, it is necessary to take into account such factors:
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method of installation. For some balconies you need to install the crate, and it has a certain weight; - depends on the thickness of the material, how much the useful area of the balcony will decrease;
- to what extent insulate( use in winter time);
- thickness and wall material, climate features. On this issue it is advisable to consult with the "pros".Incorrect choice of insulation will lead to a displacement of the "dew point" so that on the inner side of the wall condensation of moisture "with all the resulting"( for example, wet wallpaper, dampness in the room) will begin. Therefore, the advice of "experts" on what heat insulation material is better, should not be guided. The choice is purely individual.
Only after the analysis of all information is the purchase of a suitable heater and all necessary for its installation. Let's consider features of the most used materials for thermal insulation of premises.
Styrofoam
It is cheap, the heat keeps perfectly, moisture does not absorb, it's easy to attach - to the adhesive. But for this you need to achieve an even surface. If on the floor, it may be necessary to make a screed( if the state of the slab allows such a possibility), although the individual voids can simply "zapenit."In addition, it is fragile, so you will have to build a crate.
Styrofoam
It is better to use extruded. From the traditional foam is more durable. Therefore, when laying on the floor "protective" frame can not be mounted.
Penofol
In fact, this is a kind of polyethylene( only foamed).The difference is that on one side of the plate( roll) is glued a foil, which reflects the IF radiation, thereby "casting" the heat flows back. Penofol advisable to insulate the balcony wall, as we already wrote.
Polyurethane foam
Excellent insulating material. But it is applied by the "supercharging" method, so you can not do without special equipment. For example, you need a compressor. This self-heating is unlikely to work.
Minvata
There are slabs rather thin, and they are easy to install. But for a balcony you should not use it.
Firstly, , absorbs liquids, it means that you will have to strengthen the waterproofing.
Second , natural ventilation of the material is necessary( for evaporation of moisture).Hence, we will have to make a gap over the coating, which somewhat "will hide" the useful area. In addition, emptiness is a favorite place for various insects.
Thirdly, , it is necessary to equip a qualitative vapor barrier layer( additional costs).
Fourth , limited in the choice of facing material. For example, decorative plaster can not be laid( without additional measures - reinforcement and a number of others).
Stages of operation
It is assumed that all damage to surfaces is embedded, cemented and so on. Well, that the balcony should be already glazed, it is not worth talking about.
thermal protection scheme
Protective measures
To prevent a slow but inevitable destruction of concrete( brick), it is advisable to treat both the slabs and the wall from the outside with special compounds against mold and fungus( antiseptics).
Waterproofing
If possible, it is desirable to use a means to prevent moisture absorption( penetrating, impregnating waterproofing).It will cost more, but the quality will be higher. A cheaper way is to cover the surfaces with roll material( foil film, various types of membranes, the choice is large).
Many sources recommend using a traditional roofing felt. It is necessary to understand that earlier it was practically the only available material for waterproofing, but now it's different times. This, even the most high-quality products in the most favorable conditions for more than 5 years will not serve. Do many people have a desire to re-repair the balcony after 3 to 4 years?
Thermal insulation of the ceiling and walls
Given that these surfaces do not undergo any load, the crate can also not be mounted. The method of fixing the insulation - gluing. Warming of the ceiling is discussed in detail here.
In general, this "design" looks like:
waterproofing - insulation - vapor barrier( if necessary) - external lining.
Thermal insulation of floor
Here without a lathing not to manage. As a rule, a board is used as the outer covering, so the technique of framing( the interval between lags, their thickness, the method of fixing to the floor) is chosen based on the characteristics of the insulation. More information about the balcony can be read specially devoted to this issue article.
Practical recommendations of
- It is not necessary to believe the various "advertisers", managers of specialized firms, claiming that they are carrying out high-quality glazing using. .. The options may differ, but the only one is "... if we glaze the balcony, your apartment will be likeat the equator. "This is obvious guile. It is possible to significantly reduce the heat loss from the balcony only in a complex way.
- If it is necessary to mount a supporting frame, the best option is a metal profile made of "galvanizing".Advantages over wooden slats: it does not decay, it weighs much less, it is much easier to mount. And the cost is not high.
- Work should be carried out only in a warm time, in dry weather. Many of the "means" used for warming up( for example, mixtures, adhesives, materials) have particularities in application. Including - and in terms of temperature regime, humidity.
- If the glazing of the balcony was carried out independently, by installing wooden frames, then all the slots must be "faded".And this product should be for "winter" use.
- All wood used should not only be well dried, but also treated with putrefaction and fire.
- It is not necessary to apply gypsum cardboard for finishing the balcony, even if it is moisture resistant.
And most importantly. It makes no sense for each part of the balcony to use the same material. It is necessary to be guided by the expediency of its application in a particular place of packing.
