Borehole depth, the drilling and source arrangement

Tasty and clean water - a useful product for health. City dwellers can get it, just bought at the store bottled water or install a special water filter. Borehole, the depth of which can reach up to 250-300 meters, - the optimum solution for owners of country houses. Such water is considered to be the best source of liquid.

What is artesian water: liquid origin

Artesian water - it is a liquid, which was formed in ancient times, a few hundred thousand years ago. It lies in very deep layers of the earth. In composition and water resource allocation map can learn about the process of formation of the water reserve on the planet.

Groundwater - this is the usual resource that mankind makes extensive use throughout his life. They lie deep. Depending on the classification - this is the second or third level of the aquifers. This fluid is actively involved in the circulation of water in nature, so it is particularly strongly subject to seasonal fluctuations in the level. Particularly acute this problem is felt in the dry season.

The groundwater seeping of rainwater, which partially filtered by passing through rocks, partly bringing harmful substances and compounds, soluble in water. A dirt moisture around industrial sites contributes to the gradual expansion of a set of chemical elements in the water. This nitrates, heavy metals, radioactive substances, domestic waste water and petroleum products.

In places far from cities and industrial sites, groundwater remain permissible level of cleanliness, but pollution can still get them together with atmospheric precipitation. In this aspect, artesian water is unequivocally the leader in the ranking of purity and quality.

What borehole: peculiarities source

People say that the water from an artesian well is the most delicious and healthy as compared with conventional liquid from the well or wells sand. This publication will help to understand the issue, it is well, and if the water from it as useful indeed.

The wells are different. Drilling to a depth of less than 30 meters is not a method of producing an artesian water.

Artesian well - is drilling a well, the main purpose of which is to use groundwater from artesian aquifers. According to the scientific definition called artesian well, whose depth exceeds 100 m, although in some areas must be drilled to a depth of 250-300 m.

And the depth in this case is not the most important indicator. After all, the main value of artesian liquid is exceptional purity of water, as her veins lie between two impermeable layers, which protect the liquid from any contamination.

The most frequently asked question experts about how deep artesian water is. To reach this object, it may be necessary to drill from 20 to 1000 m. The average in the Russian Federation penetrate the water-bearing vein to a depth of 100 m, but the process of drilling artesian wells -. a complicated and costly from a financial point view. Therefore, before deciding on the production of useful water in the first place need to weigh the "pros" and "cons."

Useful advice!In Russia, the extraction of groundwater is allowed only after obtaining permission to use the Earth's interior in a particular area. It is regulated by Article 10 paragraph. 4 RF Law "On Mineral Wealth". A special commission, which issues a license for the artesian well, and guided by SanPiN 2.1.4.1110-02.

The advantage of drilling boreholes in water

Artesian well is considered the best source of water from all the existing ones. And no wonder, because this source has some significant advantages in comparison with other water-bearing veins, namely:

• high productivity wells. Limestone is characterized by a large water loss, which is equal to 1-3 cubic meters per hour. During normal operation the dirt well manage to get water from 300 to 1000 liters per hour, enough to supply liquid small cottage (for a family of three). Artesian water sources capable of producing more than 150 liters per minute. This well may produce very large amounts of water, thus allowing fluid garden association or districts of the city;
• a continuous supply of water. Artesian wells can be placed anywhere, the water pressure will continue to be produced under high pressure. On the pressure does not affect the operation of the pump: even after three hours of water loss will be equally powerful. If the capacity is 3 cubic meters per hour, then allowed simultaneous operation of 3 to 5 points water intake. In this case, any one of them will be a great pressure. If it's just an artesian well, the pump will be able to fully eat no more than two points of water consumption. If the demand for fluid increases, the water from the taps will trickle;

• It works perfectly regardless of the season. Using artesian well water is especially important for low temperature regions with a long period. This is because due to the deep-seated aquifers remains stable and high performance water. The kind you see in the traditional sand wells. In addition, a source of water never dries up, does not depend on weather conditions and the amount of precipitation;
• profusion aquifer. If one ground aquifer break a couple dozen facilities water supply, the water productivity decreases. And in the case of the development of a career or build a huge performance object sand wells can and does stop. To work artesian wells, any such actions have absolutely no influence;

• water quality. Artesian water - it is a liquid, which is protected against ingress of chemical components from the environment free of microorganisms and pathogens of various diseases. This water is purified with natural soil filter. Also, saturation of minerals such fluid is considerably higher than the layers of soil produced. Artesian well water from a source characterized by a high percentage of the iron content and hardness - based on calcium, magnesium and other macronutrients.

Useful advice!Lifetime artesian wells is 45-50 years for the source depth of about 100 m. For small veins, this value is reduced to 25-30 years, but under the condition of constant operation. The source did not silts up, which means that the equipment works without interruption, and repair of artesian wells do not need 5-10 years.

Disadvantages of artesian wells device

1. Price artesian well. This object uniquely water supply will cost more than any well or water well. In this case, the formation of the cost of drilling the following factors: the season (winter drilling will be cheaper), used drilling technology, the price of the pump equipment, the caisson, automation. Separately negotiated burschikov cost of services.
2. The need to install water treatment structures. High iron content - a key lack of water extracted from artesian wells. This component can not be seen with the naked eye, because the iron in the ferrous state is not visible. This means that the water is raised up, is crystal clear and transparent. However, some time later, after the interaction with the air passes into trivalent iron phase and precipitates as a precipitate. It is this sediment accumulates in the Kettle, TENah boilers and other heating elements. Considering this fact, during the arrangement of artesian wells is necessary to perform the installation of treatment systems. Installation of the equipment is carried out only after the analysis of water, which will determine the amount of iron in the liquid.

Borehole depth, and the organic chemical liquid composition

Organic components in the artesian water is not present, but that does not mean that the water is absolutely harmless. List and the concentration of chemical elements may be much higher than in the soil liquid. After all, at whatever depth nor was the source, the water is still saturated with different chemicals. Depending on the particular layers, between which is artesian water, liquid may be fresh water, mineral or concentrated. And the water with such components may not be suitable for human consumption.

Experts do not recommend the use of saline water from an artesian source for irrigation of agricultural land due to fears of soil salination. This may lead to its unsuitability for plowing. Ground waters are more suitable for this purpose, but often contain pathogens of serious diseases, such as E. coli or Vibrio cholerae.

In addition, chemical analysis shows that very often the amount of nitrates in groundwater in some times exceeds all acceptable norms. Adults are less susceptible to such water, but in the case of poisoning of young children can even be fatal.

Properties deep bedding artesian water not only provide a high level of purity, but an increased concentration of iron, calcium, magnesium and fluorine. If the composition and concentration of the substances do not meet acceptable standards, the artesian water is subjected to further purification for the normalization of the chemical composition.

Related article:

Water supply of private homes of the well: communication scheme
Water well on the plot: a diagram of the system and changes its embodiments. Turn-based technology arrangement and connection of communications in the country.

If artesian conductor comes close to the surface and begins to receive replenishment of groundwater, the specific water parameters change. Therefore, before entering into the active application it is recommended to analyze both groundwater and artesian water.

The average person is not known how many meters of artesian wells have to be drilled until the shaft is filled with clean water. Which can be determined with the help of the map of artesian wells, which is made for a specific region of the country.

These data are freely available in the public domain and in the databases of specialized organizations that are willing to share this valuable information. But if the drilling depth affects the value of an artesian well, it can not do without professional advice. This is necessary even if, if we admit that the water level is not very deep.

Useful advice!In Moscow and Moscow region map of artesian wells is as follows: North - 80-200 m south - 20-100 m west - 50-120 m east - about 250 m.

Technology and artesian wells arrangement

The most low-cost method artesian well device is the use of small-sized drill unit (MBU). The advantage of this technology is that the drilling of wells for well water can be carried out anywhere. The equipment is characterized by a collapsible design. Drilling rigs, which are based on any of the truck, on the other hand, may not always have access to the right place. Very often it is necessary to remove part of the fence, uproot shrubs, saw branches of trees, and so forth.

MBU water well drilling occurs on the following plan:

• You need to determine how many meters deep artesian well is in a particular case.
• Execution of the drilling process.
• Arrangement column.
• Flushing the column.
• Pumping water until until it is fed crystal clear water.
• Installation of pumping equipment suitable for the operation of the water intake point.

To finish registration of wells require additional action. For example, to equip sump pump, select and set the automation unit to perform the well headroom, connect additional equipment. The full functioning artesian wells will ensure that nearby power source.

Useful advice!For the extraction of water from the aquifer core depth of about 100 m it requires a special type of pumps for boreholes, namely submersible or submersible pumps.

The cost of drilling artesian wells: price turnkey

Price drilling artesian wells depends on such factors:

• type and borehole depth;
• drilling method;
• source arrangement.

The cost of drilling one meter, including the installation of pipes in the Russian Federation, on average:

• Steel pipe grade 20 diameter 133 mm - from 1.8 thousand. rub.;
• installing edible polymer inside the casing - from 2.1 thousand. rub.;
• Steel pipe grade 20 diameter 159 mm - from 2.5 thousand. rub.;
• PVC pipe with a diameter of 165 mm (with heavy wall thickness 9.5 mm) - 2.4 thousand. rub.

The cost of everything artesian well under the economy class key cost from $ 3 thousand. For the total price must be added expenses for permission for the development - it is about 5000 dollars.

Useful advice!The full cost of an artesian well, including all the necessary documents and permits, - the amount of considerable. But if the water-bearing vein will supply a whole village or neighborhood, the waste can be significantly reduced.

Artesian well: permission for individuals

Abyssinian drilling wells or wells in the sand permit is not required. But to create artesian springs have to obtain a license, as this well is included in the list of natural resources and, therefore, should be kept and accounting.

If you order a drilling completed, the master drillers perform work on arrangement of artesian wells and, if necessary, help with obtaining permits. To obtain such approval, you first need to put together a package of documents:

1. The certificate of ownership of the site where the drilling will be carried out. If the owner is a different person, then you need to provide a lease.
2. Calculation of water consumption, approved by employees of the Federal Agency for Water Resources Protection.
3. Conclusion provided Rospotrebnadzora authority which confirms that the area can be carried out corresponding operation. This service needs to guard the territory, where the borehole will be installed. The dimensions of the protected area -. 60 to 60 m in certain cases, allowed to reduce the protected area to 30 to 30 m.
4. Resolution on the design in the bowels of the monitoring department.
5. Conclusions geological expertise.

In addition, you must pay the tax and get a license to develop an artesian well. The cost of this document starts from 70 thousand. rubles. In the case of production of artesian water in industrial scale price increases to 300 thousand. rub., but not more. Now that you know how much is well on artesian water.

Useful advice!Sanitary area around artesian wells is necessary to enclose the perimeter security fence. In this area, do not install any kind of structures, as well as planting trees. Such a portion isolated from the private property can not each tenant or landlord.

Drilling of an artesian well with your hands: the specificity of the work

If the aquifer is relatively shallow at a depth of approximately 30-50 m, it is possible to try to break through the wellbore to the water alone. To do this, you must construct a unit consisting of a drill, the tripod on which it is suspended, winch and heavy "woman". You can also apply gidrobureniya method. In this case, the breed is constantly washed with water.

In the first step required to dig a pit square shape having a size of 1.5 to 1.5 meters. Strengthen its walls need planks, pieces of plywood or chipboard. This saves a hole from landslides. In the middle of the pit doing a manual drill hole depth of one meter. It is necessary to set the drill string as accurately as possible.

Above dug deepening put the tower, which is suspended from the column with pipes. Structure is raised and lowered into the well by a winch. Periodically, it is necessary to extract the bar upstairs to clean the drill. Depending on the type of packing of the soil changed:

• for clay and loamy soil suitable drill-coil;
• for sandy soil will need a drill-spoon;
• the optimal choice in the case of hard soil and boulders - a chisel;
• loose sandy ground or quicksand easily overcome bailer.

Useful advice!To carry out drilling of artesian wells required flat area the size of 4 to 12 meters. In two meters from the drilling site should not be any electrical wires.

Tips and rules of operation of artesian wells

To an artesian well, and all the equipment that ensures the supply of water, has served a full term, it is important to follow exactly the passport and the maintenance of artesian wells instructions.

In addition, to extend the carefree enjoyment is possible in the event that:

• periodically check the filters and to replace them, if necessary;
• at least once a year to do the analysis of water, and in case of changes in the composition should be optimized treatment plant;
• Under no circumstances should you attempt to resolve any problems - it is better to contact the appropriate service;
• immediately call the experts, if reduced water pressure.

Despite the fact that the drilling of artesian wells - a process that requires a long preparatory work and considerable financial expenses, a result that would be obtained, is worth it. Artesian water has a unique composition and purity that is beneficial to human health. The only negative is the process of drilling cost.