Range U-sections: the ratio of the characteristics and quality

Erection of load-bearing structures involves the use of durable materials. It is to this list belong to the steel channels having a U-shape. In the manufacture of profiles and employed different technologies use different kinds of steel. Classify material by several characteristics, and their relation defines a concept such as channel bars gauge. This topic is dedicated to this article.

What is the channel: the features and benefits of the product

Channel - a metal-rolling profile with a U-shaped cross section. They produce it from several types of steel, including stainless steel. That is why the characteristics of the channel bars assortment includes not only a lot of size, but also the material, as well as production technology. They are made cold-rolled or hot-rolled process.

U-shaped profiles have design features. Most types of U-sections with parallel sides shelves, but there also exist where faces have parallel arrangement relative to each other, and are made with a certain inclination. The main feature of gauge U-shaped profile is the high rigidity with low weight, which leads to widespread use of the material in the construction of structures with a high load.

Due to superior quality channels have a number of advantages, including:

• high degree of strength;
• excellent resistance to loads acting on the flexure;
• opportunity to resist loads of different directions, such as compression or tearing;
• opposition to shock loads, which can lead to damage of the finished structures of mechanical character.

In qualitative channel bars of high-strength steel, manufactured according to the requirements of GOST, virtually no weaknesses that could provoke the destruction of different types and nature.

The scope of application of metal sills

All of these benefits to wide use in various fields of production and construction, including in the automotive industry. It is an essential component in the manufacture of commercial vehicles. It channels play a reinforcing role in load-bearing structures.

The large-scale construction of these products are indispensable as transverse supports and floors between floors. Also, the profile of a U-shaped cross-section is used as the main material in the construction of frame structures, installation of ramps. It shvelleroobraznye steel joists can withstand high lateral or axial load and capable of several times when compared with the material of wood, to enhance the strength of the overlap. This is especially true in the construction of floors with large spans.

Useful advice!The main condition for the correct choice of material - it is to comply with the State Standard, which are indicated in special tables sills. Their use will greatly simplify the solution of the problem.

Besides engineering and creation of frames, channels as an additional material is used in other kinds of transport means, for example, in krano- and car building, where they serve as frames and skeletons. They may also be used in the reinforcement of reinforced concrete structures.

Forms U-sections: design and technological classification criteria

Channel manufactured from ordinary hot-rolled and cold-rolled steel with a high carbon content or high carbon, low alloy or stainless steel.

At the heart of the main classification is a way to channel bars production. Based on this principle, the products are divided into the following types:

• made of hot rolled steel;
• special steel;
• steel equilateral made curved manner;
• Formed with unequal shelves.

Divided channels and depending on the application. We differentiate between:

• normal profile, which has a wide range of use, the requirements of GOST 8240-89;
• a special channel, which is used in the engineering industry, gauge according to GOST 19425-74;
• special profile, as used in car building, GOST 5267.1-90.

Hot-rolled steel profile, corresponding to GOST 535-88, subdivided into subtypes:

1. Channels with shelves having deviations faces. They are distinguished, depending on the dimensions of which vary from 5 to 40 mm.
2. Channel, wherein the different shelves faces parallel structure, or a U-shaped channel having the following notation: 5n or 16a n, etc... - up to 40P. The marking is as follows - channel 18P.

If we take into consideration the size, the channels are dimensional and random length. Measuring rolling parameters corresponding to 11.7 m or 12 m. The products are manufactured off-gage size of 3 m or above. But the maximum length of any open U - 12 m. This is why the length of the material is often not specified in the table assortment sills.

Classification bent channel: gauge according to GOST

In turn, the bent channel steel are classified according to this criteria:

• equilateral;
• unequal.

Equal- bent profiles correspond to GOST 8278-93, they are made on the tube mills. The raw materials used in their manufacture, roll, normal quality steel and carbon structural steel. The shelves in the form of channel bars having a height of 50 to 400 mm. Width ranges from 32 to 115 mm.

Unequal channels produced on roll-forming machines. Raw material - cold roll steel and hot-rolled, or conventional high quality according to GOST 8281-80. Yet they are classified by the number corresponding to the distance (in millimeters) between the shelves. Varieties of the same length as that of the equal channel.

Precision-rolling in curved profile corresponds to a labeling U-sections:

• A - high accuracy;
• B - high accuracy;
• B - normal accuracy.

Useful advice!The degree of quality of any bent channel (as unequal and equilateral) indicates precisely the rolling accuracy. About the high quality characteristics of labeling say A and B.

Curved channels are divided in shape. Designation sill with the letter "Y" indicates that the inner edges of shelves have a bias. Marking "P" indicates the parallel faces, "L" - a light series of profiles with parallel edges of shelves. The letter "C" is used to denote special sill.

The main characteristics of the assortment and compliance sills STATE

Assortment includes different characteristics of channel bars. In particular, take into account:

• slope interior faces;
• the thickness of the walls and shelves;
• radius within the sill;
• width;
• cross sectional area;
• sill and weight per meter.
• grade steel from which depend almost all physical and mechanical properties (hardness, resistance to stresses and corrosion).

A wide range of such profiles entailed the development of a large number of guests and other technical specifications. The main condition for high quality is exactly matching sills these regulations.

Among the existing standards approved by the State Standard, the following should be mentioned:

1. GOST 8240-97. It corresponds to all the channels made of steel hot-rolled by.
2. GOST 19425-74. According to this regulation produce I-beams and spetsshvellery.
3. GOST 8278-83. Bent channel, product mix includes requirements for equal- profiles.
4. GOST 8281-80. This Bent parts with unequal flanges.
5. GOST 5422-73. of hot-rolled steel channels produced specifically for tractors.
6. GOST 5267.0-90. Hot n-type metal for carriage.
7. GOST 21026-75. Steel profiles produced by hot-way with curved shelf for trolleys.

According to one guest on the channel produce different kinds of metal. For example, hot rolled profile sloping shelves faces from 4 to 10%, produced according to GOST 8240-97. To distinguish it marked with the letter "Y" and the corresponding number, indicating the distance from shelf to shelf. By the same make and GOST channel having parallel faces.

Mark sill: matching alphabetic and numeric data

To distinguish species and subspecies of U-sections are used not only to refer to guests, but also marked with letters and numbers, which is called the marking of metal. This is primarily due to the wide range of sizes, different cross-sectional area and therefore mass sill.

Related article:

Beam double-tee: Table size, weight and technical features profiles
Weight and product specifications. Features of the product design. Calculation Formulas I-beams. Price per meter profile.

Profiles produced in accordance with the GOST 8240-97, and have additional numeric and alphabetic codes. The figure, which stands first, shows the main characteristic that emphasizes sill size, determines the distance between the shelves.

Useful advice!Is selected considering the anticipated loads on future design, location and the purpose for which the material will be used.

The letter indicates the type of the labeling n-shaped product, indicating the particular structure and arrangement of facets. Their interpretation is given below:

• "P" - indicates parallel;
• "U" - indicates the presence of the slope on the sides;
• "E" - testifies to the economy;
• "L" - implies lightness;
• "C" - speaks of a special purpose profiles.

To determine the remaining parameters of the particular brand of rolled metal can use a special table, which shows GOST channel, dimensions and other data.

For compactness of information in the tables use special symbols:

• h - indicates the metal of the height of the walls (basic value);
• b - denotes a width of the shelves;
• S - determines not square and the thickness of the main wall;
• R - indicates the radius of the rounded sides of the shelf;
• t - denotes the thickness of shelves;
• r - the radius determines the overall shelf roundness.

"Hot-rolled channel steel. Gauge "- GOST 8240 97: description of the document

The main difference from the hot-sill is bent, that it is produced by hot rolling. It is made according to several guests, in accordance with the needs of a particular industry. Assortment sills GOST 97 8240 was approved by the State Standard in 1997 and subsequently endorsed by almost all post-Soviet countries. April 5, 2001 by the RF State Committee for Standardization and Metrology of the document has been put into effect in the territory of Russia.

As a direct State Standard of the Russian Federation, he began to act with some changes since the beginning of 2002 to replace the existing up to that time to GOST 8240 89 "channel steel hot-rolled. Gauge ". The document refers to all the qualitative characteristics of rolling materials produced hot-method.

The current document points to the use of products, establishes gauge hot rolled steel U-sections 5-40 cm in height and 32-115 mm in width shelves. Standard options include various shapes and sizes, dividing products into different series:

• sloping faces inside;
• shelves with facets arranged in parallel;
• economic models with parallel faces;
• light products from the shelves edges, arranged in parallel.

Each defined series, in accordance with the size and quality of the steel, which is made from metal, provided its extended table assortment sills GOST 8240-97. Total document contains 7 tables that help you choose the most suitable material for construction.

Channel bars 10P, 12P, and 10U corresponding to GOST 8240-97

The list of products that meet the requirements of GOST 8240-97, the most popular are the channels of the dimensions 10 and 12 cm. All of them are produced by hot rolling. The number of rollings depends on the initial dimensions of the preform and on the desired accuracy of the product. The preform is subjected to heat treatment, reaching 1250 ° C.

Useful advice!Considering that at a party table shows the dimensions in millimeters, you can often find markings form channel 120, although this figure indicates a n-type metal-labeled with 12P or 12U.

Channel 10P has the following characteristics:

• linear weight equal to 8.59 kg;
• 1 tonne placed 116.4 m sill;
• profile height corresponds to its main dimension and is equal to 100 mm;
• sill width - 46 mm;
• Profile walls have a thickness of 4.5 mm;
• thickness shelves sill reaches 7 mm.

Channel 10U as 10P has similar performance nominal height of 100 mm, the weight per meter of the quantity 8.59 kg, width 46 mm and thickness of 4.5 mm. In one tonne of material contained 116.4 m. The differences in the characteristics of curved shelves. In particular, the radius of the rounded sides of the shelf is 7 mm and the radius of roundness of shelves - not more than 3 mm.

Given the differences in the basic dimensions, ie height of metal, channel 12P has significant differences in the parameters. Its characteristics are as follows:

• weight per meter equals 10.40 kg;
• 1 tonne placed 96.15 m sill;
• product height - 120 mm;
• sill width - 52 mm;
• Profile walls have a thickness of 4.8 mm;
• the thickness of the sill flange should not exceed 7.8 mm.

Range of U-sections: I-beams and other forms of metal

Analyzing the topic mix of metal, mention should be made of a variety of it, as the channel I-beam. Actually, the shape of the product does not meet the general characteristics of articles having an n-shaped, because this profile is of the form I-beam. The product section is shaped like the letter "H". Photo sill Tauri demonstrates its difference from the usual profile.

These products are very popular in various fields of construction, since their use can significantly reduce the weight and the load on the structure. Additionally, an n-beam has high strength. H sections as common channels, producing hot rolled or welded manner. Method of bending in this case is not applicable. Welding is used in the manufacture of large parts, or taking into account the individual characteristics of the construction.

For the production of low alloy steel beams are used (S255) or carbon steel C345 (09G2S). They are produced by hot or cold rolling, and welding beams is performed using a special weld equipment. Control product strength is carried out using ultrasound.

Production of rolling n-beams takes place according to a special guest. State Standard distinguishes certain types of beams. The main classification -separated products on hot-rolled and special. The first type is the I-beams with flanges angled facets. They are regulated GOST 8239 where the inclination angle is provided with limit values ​​of 6-12%.

Another form of U-sections parallel faces characterized shelves, they are manufactured in accordance with GOST 26020. The height of such products ranges from 100 to 1000 mm, and the width of the shelves may vary from 55 to 400 mm. Such H-shaped beam is divided into normal column or products with wide shelves.

When choosing the material for construction, it is important to take into account the standard sizes, which implies gauge sheet metal products. Based on the requirements of the State Standard, the design process is greatly simplified, since due to the carrying out of calculations can be to determine the exact number of required channels, calculate load capacity and save on the purchase of extra materials.