Concrete blocks: a versatile material for the construction of buildings

Concrete blocks are widely used in the construction of various facilities. Products are used in the construction of foundations, wall panels and partitions. Blocks are represented in a wide variety of species, where the cells are different field of use and size. Concrete products are characterized by high technical and operational characteristics that is regulated by the applicable regulatory documents.

Concrete blocks: design features are

Reinforced block is executed in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped that is made of concrete with steel rebar reinforcement. On the short sides of the article has a vertical cavity required for reliable connection elements when forming masonry. To this end, the hollow space in the trapezoidal prisms filled with a solution. On the upper surface there are two metal brackets for loading and unloading activities at the carriage of concrete blocks and the installation work.

Concrete used in the construction of base items on the zero stage of construction, the walls of cellars, basements, the formation of teams of strip foundations, construction of facilities and technical purposes, underpasses, residential buildings. You can also use concrete blocks to the fence.

Properly fitted modifications and dimensions of products, its ability to evenly distribute the load, provide a solid foundation and the immobility of the frame structures.

Concrete products are manufactured in factories on block-making method that provides a high level of durability, reliability, and block rigidity. Concrete products made of concrete classes from B7.5 to B15. The finished working mixture is poured into special shapes, wherein the solution lends itself to pressing. Finished products to stand under certain conditions, acquire the necessary level of safety.

Typical advantages and disadvantages of concrete blocks

F / b blocks differ increased frost resistance, moisture resistance, low thermal conductivity, resistance to temperature fluctuations and the effects of fire, they can be used in regions with different climatic conditions. Blocks can withstand up to 50 cycles.

Products are characterized by water vapor permeability, resistance to external influences, adverse chemical and biological factors, and good sound- thermal insulation properties, environmental friendliness, high degree of resistance to static and dynamic loads, a prolonged period of operation, which up to 100 years. This makes it possible to build a complete house made of concrete blocks.

Laying concrete blocks made on the principle designer of the assembly, thereby reducing the amount of work and time, reduce labor costs. This is best reflected in the construction of the economic component. When installing the product does not require installation and the subsequent dismantling of the formwork. In addition, it is not necessary to wait until after the hardening of the concrete construction of the structure.

The disadvantages of the blocks are their heavy weight and bulky, and therefore the need to attract specialized equipment to carry out masonry work. With the construction of bases of the blocks there is insufficient tightness in the region of butt joints, which require sealing arrangement. Another drawback is considered to be the high cost of concrete blocks in comparison with other building materials.

Varieties of concrete blocks according to the destination

All concrete blocks, regardless of size parameters can be divided into three types: FBS, FB and the FSF.

The most common type is the construction of blocks FBS. Of these, erected block foundations, bridges in the basement, the wall structures. Dimensions of concrete blocks are diverse, as reflected in the special labeling. The distinctive products advantages include increased resistance to acting stress and low thermal conductivity. Installation of the elements may be carried out on sand-macadam base or directly on the soil.

Blocks FB presents a monolithic structure and are produced exclusively to order for a particular construction project. The main feature is a longitudinal notch element, which is used for laying of utilities. Products produced 880 mm, height 580 mm and a width of 400, 500 and 600 mm. For manufacturing concrete blocks applied brand B7.5 and above. These elements are stacked in a subfield technical purposes and ceiling area of ​​basement structures.

FGF products are hollow concrete blocks. They are available in lengths 238 cm. Inside elements are arranged cavities of square section. Such blocks are unable to withstand significant load because it does not have high strength. However, they are characterized by high thermal insulation properties. FGF should be used in the construction of light structures, frame structures, construction of walls in basements. These blocks are made of concrete brand M150, which is reinforced with structural steel. Hollow structure have a higher value. This is due to the labor-intensive production technology.

Types of bulk concrete blocks depending on the length and type of concrete

Reinforced concrete block produced 20-240 cm long. It standardized the width and height of the product. All blocks can be divided into short, medium and long. The first embodiment is characterized by low weight, reaching 31.7 kg. Dimensions of the concrete block - 20h20h40 cm.

The elements include the average size of concrete blocks for columns and other structures of length 1180 mm, height of 280 and 580 mm, a width of 400, 500 and 600 mm. Large articles manufactured length 2380 mm, height of 580 mm and a width of 300-600 mm increments 100 mm size.

Different types of units can be made of a hard, lightweight expanded clay or the composition. In the first case the concrete is applied marks M250, M300 and M400, which provides product density to 2400 kg / m³. One element has a weight of 300 kg, which depends on the size of the product. of heavy concrete blocks are characterized by high levels of hardiness, heat conduction.

Important!If granite filler has been used in the production units, they can be used for the construction of buildings on acidic soils.

For easy composition of the used concrete mixes brands B100 and B150, providing concrete density of 1800 kg / m³. Weight concrete block is within 0,3-1,63 m. Such products are used for construction on dry soils.

In the manufacture of lightweight aggregate concrete blocks used expanded clay, which is characterized by high thermal insulation properties. However, the product quickly saturate with moisture, which requires organizations to protect the waterproofing layer structures. The density of the material is less than 1800 kg / m³. Weight of the product is within the 260-1500 kg. This type of block used for the construction of small lightweight structures, such as a garage or bath.

Features concrete products labeling

Every manufacturer, which is engaged in manufacturing concrete blocks, performs their labeling, which is regulated by the current standard. This designation allows the product to receive full information on the type and size of concrete blocks. The price of the article may also depend on the characteristics of the data.

Important! Marking of all concrete products is necessary in order to determine the right amount of elements to accomplish the construction task.

Three capital letters in the name of concrete blocks indicate the type of product, providing information about the features of the design of the structure. This is followed by a digital code, which consists of a group of numbers that indicate the size of the block in decimetres. It should be borne in mind that all values ​​are rounded to the nearest whole number. For example, a block length of 118 cm, width 40 cm, height 28 cm will be marked PBS 03.04.12.

The last capital letter indicates the type of concrete, from which the product was carried out. The letter "T" indicates the weight concrete, "L" - on the part of the lung, "P" indicates that the element is present concrete block, and "C" stands for silicate products.

Varieties of concrete blocks and their area of ​​use

Concrete blocks for walls are used for the erection of walls and partitions. They may be perforated and solid. The first option is suitable for work on the construction of walls of buildings. Full-bodied recommend concrete blocks used to create the pillars, foundations and basement technical premises.

Products are available in different shapes and sizes. Concrete blocks may be reinforced or reinforcing component have special recesses used for laying reinforcement. Regardless, the products are divided into subspecies, which is determined by the use of specific features. Many manufacturers are in the product range of decorative concrete blocks for facade cladding. They have a different color and texture. In high demand are products that mimic the rubble.

Cloisonne concrete products have a small weight and thickness. Pazogrebnevye elements of different specific form that allows you to reduce the cost of masonry materials and construction to build as soon as possible. Concrete block with internal holes provide for easy transport and assembly of products. The monolith units and plates of overlapI used to create a load-bearing wall structures.

Hollow elements can be enhanced or facilitated. Also, they are divided into single, double and trehpustotnye blocks. Some manufacturers produce slotted products that have 4-8 parallel slots. To create bridges, construction of door and window openings, the construction of facilities for the diversion water, communications, supply, laying flush using P or U-shaped concrete design. As elements of irregular shape are the final assembly of the product.

Characteristics and varieties of concrete rings

Concrete ring is made of a cement mixture by pouring into a special form, where the reinforcement is placed. Products are widely used in the construction of wells, tunnels, filtration and gas pipeline systems, for installation of utilities.

Ferro-concrete rings are available with and without seams. Simple products have smooth and flat faces. Rings with folds characterized by a recess at the bottom and the projections on the end face. These elements will contribute to a secure and sealed construction of the rings, which are fastened together by means of locking connections.

Depending on the application, reflecting marking products, Ferro-concrete rings are divided into the following types:

• KO - bearing products, which are laid in the foundation of the well;
• KS - wall ring, placed within the narrowed regions of the wells;
• CVG - elements for gas and water wells;
• CK - rings for sewers and drainage systems;
• KLK - products for water treatment systems.

Important! Concrete ring produced in the form of conventional products and elements, and overlapping the bottom COMPLETED appropriate size.

In the case of the construction of a large width of the object, which will need a few rings, you can order a monolithic structure, which is performed on the individual sizes. In this case, there are no joints, which eliminates the risk of leaks.

Concrete ring produced a round or square shape. The outer diameter of product - from 84 to 220 cm, internal - 70 to 200 cm. Wall Thickness - 7.10 cm. The standard height value parameters are 29, 59 and 89 cm. The first resolution characteristic of rings having an internal diameter of 70 cm, and the latter - for articles envelope 2 m.

How to build a basement of concrete blocks: the sequence of actions

The basement is often used to store food and other things. It is better to do the construction poluzaglublennogo type, as in this case eliminates the possibility of flooding of underground water facilities. For the construction of the foundation and wall products are used, which are regulated by GOST 13579-78. Concrete blocks are made of heavy concrete, characterized by an indicator density of 2 t / m³.

The first step is chosen site for construction. He is marked with pegs applying structure axes. According markup developed pit depth is determined by the dimensions of structures and should be at least ½ construction height. After performing the excavation work carried out drainage, leveling, gorizontatsiyu and seal the bottom of the pit. On the basis of stacked sand-grit pad height of 15 cm. Bedding soaked with water and sealed.

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Features and characteristics of the material. The main parameters, load carrying capacities. Pros and cons of the use of panels.

Through the diagonal measurements are determined angles facilities. Next is the loop material to protect the waterproofing of the foundation elements. For this purpose the roofing material or concrete mix reinforced with rebars bandaged.

As concrete blocks for basement walls have sufficient weight, they are carried out with the activation of stacking crane. On waterproofing stacked corner elements. Masonry concrete blocks is performed according to the principle construction of a brick wall. For compounds of elements used masonry concrete mortar 2 cm thick. Each number must be checked for horizontality.

Important! When laying the foundation of the blocks necessary to leave gaps in the ventilation structure.

Each subsequent series of concrete blocks with his hands placed on the solution, and tied to the previous close on the principle of displacement elements. If the base-plate cushions are used, the central portion of PBS second row must be above these plates vertical seams or in the middle of the gap between them. The gaps between the slabs are concreted.

Upon completion of the construction of the last row of the crown of the foundation is put into the mold around the perimeter and you will create a concrete raft foundation. After removal of the outer formwork part construction waterproofing daubed pictures and hiding roll. Produced backfilling the excavation.

Re-use of reinforced concrete in the construction of buildings

For the construction of the basement cellar, garage construction or other small non-residential buildings can be safely used concrete blocks that were in use. This will greatly save on the material, which will reduce the cost of the construction process.

However, acquiring a used / y ferro-concrete blocks, you should weigh the advantages and disadvantages of this event. The main advantage is the relatively low price of concrete blocks 200h200h400 mm. It is only 40 rubles. apiece, while the price of concrete block 20h20h40 cm from the factory - about 70 rubles.

Before you buy a second-hand w / w units, each item is recommended to check the integrity of the design, correct geometry products for visible microcracks, defects and corrosion processes fittings. Products must have integral fasteners.

Important!When purchasing a used / y of concrete blocks should clarify the conditions and the period of operation of the products that has implications for the choice of areas for further use and application of protective measures.

Boo foundation blocks not recommended for use in high humidity and under low loads.

How to make a wall vent or concrete blocks at home

For the manufacture of concrete blocks with their hands need cement grade M400 or M500, sand with a grain size of not more than 1.5 mm, gravel and water. The sand must be cleaned of debris and dirt. Better use of the career structure.

First of all dry ingredients are mixed in a ratio of 1 part cement and 7-9 parts of filler in the liquid is gradually added in a proportion of 0.5 part. When mixing the solution pays special attention to its consistency. The thinner the mass, the more will have low strength product. To improve the performance of strength, moisture resistance and cold hardiness in the mixture can be added a plasticizer.

Useful advice!Fast and efficient solution for manufacturing provide vibratory units.

Pre should prepare a special mold for concrete blocks. They are made of a durable material that can withstand a considerable weight of finished products. To do this, fit silicone, iron formwork or mold made of laminated plywood. The form should be of a size to get the finished concrete block 400h200h200 mm. It is also possible to execute the blank to the half-size elements 200h200h200 mm which can be used during construction as dobornyh blocks.

Molds 20h20h40 cm concrete blocks are lubricated with lubricating oil or a special lubricant, which will contribute to more easily extract the product from the formwork. Further filled containers ready solution followed by its reinforcement, then it is performed a thorough seal. For voids can be used bottles, pre-oiled.

After pre-shrinkage and hardening the mixture that occurs within 1-2 days, the product is removed from the mold and stored in a dry area with good ventilation until complete curing. You will need at least 2-4 weeks.

By properly selected according to the type and size of concrete blocks depend on the reliability and durability of the future structure. Using the product shortens a zero cycle, accelerates the process of execution of works by reducing the amount of labor and masonry material. However, in this case, we should not forget about the relatively high price of concrete blocks. Due to the high technical and operational characteristics of the material will be able to build a solid structure that will not cause any problems for decades.