Replacing the wiring in the apartment: the composition of the scheme and the algorithm works

Replacing the wiring in an apartment is a fairly common event. The necessity of this process is caused mostly by the fact that the old cables include an aluminum core, is not adapted to the current capacity. Such systems are not always able to withstand the stresses exerted on them, a large number of electrical appliances. Before changing the wiring, it is necessary to get acquainted with the work and recommendations of the sequence to each item.

In some cases it is necessary to carry out the replacement of electrical wiring in the apartment?

This operation is most often carried out in the event that the electrical system does not meet modern requirements. Today, network load has increased by several times, since virtually every household uses powerful appliances (washing machine, boiler, etc. P.).

Until recently, the cables in electrical systems includes an aluminum core. This metal is though is a good conductor, but it has many drawbacks. For example, it has poor resistance to corrosive influences. And also during operation there is a change in the aluminum structure itself. Wear of the metal increases the likelihood of a fire due to a short circuit.

The term aluminum wiring services do not exceed 15 years, while copper cable can be in operation for up to 30 years. From a security standpoint, the copper wires are the most acceptable. The most common problems of old grids made of aluminum:

• are solidly earthed neutral (instead shielding);
• deprecated cabling by branching;
• lack of circuit breakers;
• the minimum number of outlets.

About an electrician for replacement of the apartment need to think when the old system has been in operation for over 20 years, as well as the detection of signs of wear network. Among these criteria, you can select those that are easiest to detect. For example, sparkling sockets are warning that it is not necessary to turn a blind eye.

Note! The problem can be solved in two ways. The first of them - the partial replacement of electrical wiring. However, this option is only recommended when it is necessary to repair the open network. In other situations, experts advise to carry out the complete replacement of the system.

Other signs, signals the failure of the system are all sorts of damage to sockets and switches. Often at failure of electrical possible to smell burnt insulating material. In this case also necessary to replace the wiring.

What is the cost to change the wiring in an apartment? The price of the replacement of the electrical system in the first place depends on the area of ​​the premises. Also very important are the following factors: the number of rooms, layout, number of appliances that will be used after repairs. The minimum cost of wiring a replacement for the one-bedroom apartments is 15,000 rubles. For two-bedroom homes is slightly higher price - 20,000 rubles.

How to hold the wiring in an apartmentTwo popular ways

To date, electricians use two ways of laying wiring in the premises: external and internal. From choosing the correct option depends on all subsequent work, so you need to get acquainted with the advantages and disadvantages of each method.

Internal method of laying the wiring is also called hidden. It assumes arrangement of cables and other electrical elements in the special channels (cutting grooves). For their organization uses a punch. The main advantage of this embodiment, the gasket is what saves useful area. Also mounted system does not affect the appearance of the premises.

Another plus hidden laying wiring in a house or apartment - no need for organizations to protect the cables from damage of mechanical type. Location of wires inside the walls can increase the degree of tolerance for the load and system overload.

However, this method of cabling has its drawbacks. First and foremost it is worth noting that hidden method involves carrying out large volumes of work. The complexity of this embodiment causes that the open method often selected when an independent seal. Problems with cables laid in the walls, difficult to diagnose. Repair of electrical individual elements in this case is rather complex undertaking.

Open method of posting their own hands is pulling cables in the skirting boards or special mounting external boxes (channels). There are other options for laying mains outside the walls, but for private construction of their use is not appropriate.

The main advantage of the external method is a relatively simple implementation of assembly tasks. And (as opposed to a hidden network) open system easier to diagnose, making it easy to identify the problem and fix it as soon as possible. Thus, in the flat electrical repair is simplified if it is designed on the outside walls and other surfaces.

Helpful information!In addition, the wiring carried out by open method, allows you to make changes to it as needed. For example, it will not be difficult to reach an additional line for new equipment if desired.

This method has some drawbacks. Cable channels, laid on the surface, can serve as a barrier when installing furniture. Another disadvantage of this embodiment wiring are restrictions on their number when baseboard mounting. Boxes occupy useful area is not always appropriate to look at the interior of the premises.

In the open installation wiring experts recommend to pay particular attention to the protection of cables from mechanical damage. And also it is important to comply with fire safety rules and ensure that each wire has been provided with safe isolation.

How to create a wiring diagram in the apartment

Before replacing the break to the wiring in the premises, it is necessary to choose the most suitable electrical circuit. This document is drawn up, taking into account the location of all network elements. It identifies the sockets, switches, lighting fixtures located in each room. The scheme should contain the path (line) corresponding cabling places.

At the time of wiring diagrams apartments need to calculate the following parameters:

• power required (for each room separately);
• power supply (for each room);
• power household appliances.

The scheme is the main document when mounting the new housing in electricians. When compiling important every detail. Therefore, experts advise to be careful when you create the drawing.

The scheme should include information on the number of outlets and switches, as well as their location. Place, which will be installed the important electrical appliances should be required to be marked on the drawing. Selected set point, depending on the individual characteristics of the apartment or private home.

Location of lamps and their number is also indicated in the preparation of electrical wiring diagrams home or apartment. It is important to remember that the defects made during the creation of this document lead to a lack of the necessary electrical components or, on the contrary, their overabundance. A most adverse outcome in this case is the faulty system.

The location of all the individual elements of the power supply, as well as the placement of household appliances should be chosen wisely as possible. Sockets, switches and devices that produce light, must not interfere with other components of the interior (eg, furniture).

Select the type of wiring is made depending on the individual characteristics of the room. It is influenced by the following factors: the number of rooms, layout, number and capacity of household appliances. For the most powerful technique usually provides a separate assembly line.

Features of drawing electrical wiring diagrams

Special attention is recommended to pay charting bathrooms. Electrical appliances in this situation are located in close proximity to a water source, so you need to be careful and follow safety rules. Outlet Placement in this case is carried out taking into account that the distance to the source of water was not less than 100 cm.

Note! It is important to remember that for the convenience of drawing up the scheme is recommended to divide all the electrics in the house into separate groups (eg, the wiring leading to the instrument lighting or household appliances). This will allow to chart the most competently and concisely and avoid confusion when installing the electrics in the house with his own hands.

For each of the groups run separate power cable coming directly from the switch board. This installation option allows you to properly distribute the load throughout the apartment. In addition to lighting and electrical groups traditionally accepted to lay separate branches for bathrooms and kitchen facilities.

Each individual group, as a rule, have different power ratings. Therefore, to connect the bath and the toilet can be used with cable cross-section that is different from the size of the wire, designed for household appliances. Separation of the wiring group has the following advantages: cost savings (due to the selection of the optimum size of cables for each line), and one independent from the other threads. This autonomy allows in case of failure of one group to use other without any harm to the system as a whole.

Replacing the wiring in an apartment with his hands: The necessary tools

Before starting work on dismantling the old wiring needed to calculate the materials that will be required for the organization of the system, and to buy them. And also need to prepare the tools to carry out all types of work. Let us consider in more detail what tools will be needed to replace the electricity in the home.

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Electrical wiring in the apartment: the composition of the scheme, the rules and the algorithm works

Drawing up of electrical wiring diagrams. Installation of electrical equipment and cables. Program to chart.

First of all you need to prepare a punch. This device is needed for dismantling the old wiring and the establishment of new channels (if necessary). To work need to purchase a few tips a perforator: drill shtrobleniya for concrete walls with a cross section of 16-20 mm, a drill crown of 90-100 mm and 25-30 mm chisel.

It is required to prepare a soldering equipment for connection of wires. The power device in this case should not be less than 40 watts. For the installation of e-mail. wiring in the home need tools: a Bulgarian with a circle of stone, pliers, side cutters, set of screwdrivers, a builder's level, the cord, flashlight and knife. For finishing trowel to buy. You should also get such devices for testing electrical circuit indications as multitester and the phase indicator.

Replacing the wiring in an apartment: Calculation of materials

wires calculation is quite simple. The most common way of determining the exact amount of cable required to connect the electrical element is the measurement of the distance to it from the panel. To do this, you must use a regular roulette. It is important to remember that during the manual measurements are taken into account all the surface irregularities, protrusions and recesses.

After the calculation of the wiring in an apartment or private home, it is desirable to add the resulting figure of 10-15% of the cable. The stock is needed to meet the installation requirements, as during operation is always a certain amount of spoiled material.

Note! Cable routing is made only at right angles. Thus, wires are mounted horizontally or vertically. The diagonal arrangement of lines is not recommended, since it is much more difficult to organize. Knowing how to do the wiring in the house with his own hands, it is much easier to plan future work.

There is another version of the calculation of materials needed for the organization of power in the home. It is more simple, but at the same time less accurate because the calculation of the value is used generically. To carry out this calculation you need to know size of the apartment and multiply this number by 2. The resulting number is an approximation, but this calculation is used quite often. Two-thirds of the wires in this case will go to the socket gasket lines, and a third - to connect lighting.

After calculating the amount of cable to be calculated other electrical elements. For network installation need to buy at least 3 sections of the terminals, and they have to include 10 contacts. Experts do not recommend buying the items with plastic housing. This is due to the fact that the active material does not have high performance and desired degree of protection.

In order to answer the question of how to carry out the wiring in the house, it is recommended to see educational videos that can be found easily on the Internet. It is important to determine what and how they will be secured in the cable system. Option fixing wires depends on the personal preferences of the master. Experts note that it is more convenient and more reliable in this case to use the clamping plates. In turn, the screw fastening is less functional.

When choosing Enclosures need to pay attention, whether they are equipped with elements of external projections, allows for enhanced grip with alabaster. For laying wiring cable is the best VVG and SPAP. It will also need to buy an introductory panel, corrugated pipes and insulation material.

Replacing the wiring in the house with his own handsDismantling the old line

Before you begin laying new wiring, need to dismantle the old system. This work is carried out taking into account the safety regulations, so as a precautionary need to purchase rubber gloves. The first thing that needs to be done to dismantle the power - to disconnect the house or apartment.

Then, all the wires are checked using Phase Sequence. If the device is not registered voltage, you can proceed directly to the dismantling of the line. Most often it is in the old-style buildings made wiring replacement. In Khrushchev old circuit wirings can not cope with modern stress levels. It is not only fraught with disruptions in the power supply, but also bears a direct threat to the life of the residents, as in the affected system could cause a fire.

Helpful information!Each element of the system first checks Phase indicators - and only then allowed to proceed to its removal.

First dismantled sockets and switches. Old cables and can not be removed, leaving them in the walls, but in this case it is necessary to disconnect them from the network. If you do decide to remove from the walls of the old wiring, then the need to buy a tester. This device is used to detect old cables. Then place in which they are laid, followed by removal Grooves wires.

How to change the wiring in an apartment: Features flush-mounted

As mentioned above, the installation of a hidden system is made inside the walls. If necessary, the cables can be placed in the floor or close them plasterboard boxes. To date, very popular option, involving the concealment of cables for stretch ceiling.

The most difficult way is considered to be the organization of channels in the walls. The number of "dirty" work in this case is increased by several times. Wiring in the apartment on the floor has some advantages. For example, this option allows not to bend around the wall. However, installation of electric cables in the floor require the removal of old coatings and its complete replacement by a new one. Before laying the self-wiring experts recommend to get acquainted with the steps below to conduct the work.

Primarily it needs to perform within the walls of the channels, which will be laid in the wiring. To this end, it decided to use a special tool - wall chaser. In his absence, fit a normal punch. As a result of this work in the room raised a lot of dust, so you need to take protective measures by wearing goggles and a respirator.

When selecting the optimal depth for channels one should remember important rule plaster thickness deposited on top of them, should not exceed 10 mm. As for the width of the cutting grooves, the limitations in this case. If it is possible to reach the wiring in the house with his own hands in the ceiling, then it is necessary to give preference to this method. This will simplify the process of installing a new network.

The second step is to prepare the holes for the outlet. In this case, a hammer. To work need to equip it koronkoobraznoy showerheads. Using it satisfies niches for junction boxes. Further, in the pre-prepared Stroebe fit cables. During this process, you need to clearly follow the scheme drawn up before the start of the power supply assembly.

Next, you need to dock the wires in junction boxes. For this purpose, connection terminals (Siza), also performs the function of the insulation. Then mounted switches and sockets. After mounting the electrical contacts are connected to their cables. At this stage ends with the wiring layout of the apartment. Control of the work performed is performed using a special tester.

The final stage comprises two items: activation of the electrical supply from the shield and sealing of channels with cables. If the wiring is laid in drywall construction, then it should be protected by gofrotrubok that attach to surfaces by means of clips.

Wiring in the houseOutdoor method

Open method of electrical wiring in the home involves the use of special plastic boxes. This method is less complex, so it is often used for self-installation of electricity. In order to answer the question of how to make the wiring in the house open way, should learn more about the algorithm of actions.

First, you need to perform fixing skirting. If the void of these elements are used as a conduit for wiring, then they must be specified in the scheme before the start of direct work. The second stage is required to lay on the baseboards to electric appliances (sockets, switches) box. Next is performed by pulling the cables it.

Replacing the wiring in the panel house or Khrushchev made the same way. Keep in mind that the ducts must have sufficient physical properties to withstand the mechanical stresses.

Note! Low-quality channels are not always able to protect the wire from damage, which is fraught with the appearance of the emergency room.

Then you must install the external junction boxes and connect the cables inside them. Coupling of wires, as in the case of closed lines, is performed using SIZOVA. Next you need to mount the sockets and switches, and cables to connect to them. At the final stage, all network elements are tested by the tester.

Thus, there are several signs by which one can determine easily whether your wiring needs to be replaced. Self-installation of the system will save finances. However, it is not recommended in the event that you do not have special knowledge and skills in this area.