Compound of wires in the junction box for electrical wiring

One of the main difficulties encountered during the installation of electrical wiring with his hands - the need to make the connection wires in the junction box for the wiring. In order to avoid common mistakes, and as a result, the faulty switch or outlet, look at each stage of the individual works.

What is the electrical junction box

Almost everyone, one way or another, has an idea of ​​what it looks like junction box. But that's about what it actually needed, and how to construct, not everyone knows. Consider the general data, which are known to us about this item wiring.

Junction boxes are different depending on its shape, as well as the specific application. Some of them have a rectangular shape, and some round. The functionality of this option has no effect.

As for the specific application, there are distinguished:

• junction boxes for flush;
• junction boxes for open wiring.

They differ from each other by means of fastening, some features of the device, and in some cases, and size. In any case they have a single goal - dilution of the shield wires to a separately disposed power points, for example, switches, lamps, sockets. In this case, the electric power distribution should be uniform in order to avoid disruptions of devices.

To achieve this, the wiring is divided into separate lines, or the so-called group. In each room are paving the individual wires, which will feed electricity appliances, providing their work. It is at this stage and there are boxes. They are placed at nodal points where the wires are interconnected.

Buy a junction box for the wiring is necessary, first of all, from the fire safety considerations. Since it is where the wires connect the greatest risk of ignition source. When the tackle increases the contact resistance, and the compound begins to heat up. In some cases, this can cause a fire.

External power distribution boxes serving as an insulating layer between the potential flashpoint and surrounding objects. In addition, they also have considerable aesthetic role, hiding is not always beautiful wire connections from the eye.

Can we do without the installation of junction boxes

Some argue that the presence in the house junction boxes do not necessarily. But in fact, to do without them, it is necessary to build a separate wire from the shield to every place in electricity consumption. This will require a lot to do in the wall sufficiently deep and wide cutting grooves to put them in the wire in several rows. All this will entail extra costs of finance and effort.

If, however, avoid the use of junction boxes to be guided by the fact that the laying of the individual wires generally exclude the presence of the wiring connections, and therefore more security, and this is a good answer specialists. Compound wires conducted in accordance with all regulations and circuit wiring connections in the junction box, without danger. In any case, you can always seek help from professionals.

Junction box: size and price

Each mounting junction box has a number of characteristics, including the special role played by the size and the price. Consider three of the most popular options, which are usually installed in homes:

1. Distribution box 100h100h50 mm IP54.
2. Distribution box 80h80h40 mm for surface mounting IP55.
3. Distribution box IP65 88h88h53 mm.

The first option - one of the most affordable and at the same time common. For example, the junction box Tyco can buy only for only 50 rubles. Its low cost due to domestic production, as well as the minimum configuration (body and cover).

The second option also has the minimum cost - 46 rubles. It is made of propylene and LDPE. Of course, we can not say that he would ever be able to compete with the metal junction boxes, however, it more than fulfills its function of protecting the wires from the rain and wind.

The third option, made in Germany, will cost you a bit more expensive, about 211 rubles. In this case, the characteristics and size of the junction box is not much different from the first two options. However, according to manufacturer Hensel, a plastic that is used for the manufacture of products of very high quality and meets all the requirements for the elements wiring.

Of course, all this is quite simple and cheap options. Electrical junction boxes with terminals will cost several times more expensive. But here we can say that the price is justified by the simplicity of connecting wires and their future maintenance.

Useful advice!If you do not want to skimp on security, you should consider the option of acquiring an explosion-proof junction box.

Junction box with terminals

A special place in the arrangement of the wiring terminals occupy. Install the junction box of this type is produced more easily and requires no special skills. The bottom line is that the box is already equipped with special clamps that are designed to connect the wires. According to have several advantages over conventional, these boxes:

• assembly and disassembly of the conductors is carried much faster, without the need to use any additional tools;
• by using a special paste, you can interconnect the wires of different materials, such as copper and aluminum;
• special system of wire placement helps to maintain order in a box that eliminates the risk of a short circuit;
• The special design makes it easy to make a current measurement without the need to remove a wire insulating materials and generally does not affect the integrity of the system.

For open wiring boxes of this kind have become the most popular one. After all, there is no need to twist yourself and connecting wires made use of the terminal is very convenient. Today on sale there are many different options, including - explosion-proof junction box.

Compound of wires in the junction box for electrical wiring in various ways

It is recognized that good contact - the result of the correct wire connections between them. If the work was done well enough, it will be immediately noticeable because of a poor connection or a complete lack thereof. In addition, problems can occur at the moment when you turn into a power outlet of any device powerful enough.

All this, of course, brings a lot of discomfort. And much easier to take care of it in advance, even at the stage of installation of wiring, than to try to fix the problem over time. Consider the most popular ways to connect the wires to each other:

• twist the wires in the junction box;
• crimping;
• welding;
• spike;
• use of contact screw terminals;
• bolting;
• self-clamping.

All of these methods are fairly simple to implement and does not require special skills. Let us consider each of them in detail, to get an idea of ​​how best to connect the wires in the junction box.

How to connect the wires in the junction box

To independently carry out all works correctly, it should be noted only one major requirement that offered for installation of junction boxes: it is necessary to ensure free access to all places of connection wires. It is necessary in the event of failure of one of the socket or switch.

Note!If during the initial installation of the junction box is hidden behind a finish it as soon as the fault will have to completely remove it in order to carry out repairs.

Is not always the problem might be hiding there, but check for contact will never be over. Therefore advance thought of everything so that any repair work could spend as much as possible quickly and easily. At the same wiring in the junction box can be made in any way convenient for you, which will be discussed below.

Compound of wires in the junction box by twisting and crimping

Almost everyone knows how to produce refined twist the ends of wires. However, when it comes to the connection of wires in the junction box, it is worth remembering about the regulations that cover this issue.

Stranding considered unreliable for this compound, since the contact area is obtained is very small, and rely on complete contact between wires impossible. Moreover, even this small contact tends to weaken over time, making it impossible to use high-power devices that provide significant load on the system.

Much more reliable method is considered to be molding, which uses a special coupling sleeve. The main parameter to select it - the thickness of the wires, which will be placed in it. producing material may be copper, and aluminum, and the choice depends on what material manufactured wires themselves.

In order to ensure fixation, use a special tool with which the sleeve is compressed. This should be done pressing jaws. Use is not recommended for this purpose pliers. The rest of this technology meets all the standards and requirements specified in the standard documentation.

Here's how the connection of wires this way:

• trimmed insulation from wires with the desired length, i.e. the length of the sleeve is used;
• the stripped wire ends are twisted and are introduced into the sleeve;
• using the press jaw sleeve is crimped;
• using tape or shrinking isolating the junction.

How to connect the wires in the junction box by welding

This method is considered to be very reliable, as the result of a single wire is obtained, which is virtually impossible to oxidation. Fusing wire together, you get a reliable contact that will not diminish with time. However, the implementation of this process a little more difficult the previous one, because you will need welding equipment and ability to handle it.

The list of tools needed for work on the welding wire:

• welder power not less than 1 kW and designed for 24 W;
• carbon electrode;
• rosin or a flux, which will further protect the metal parts from oxidation wires;
• PPE: goggles and gloves for welding.

If you have at least minimal skills to work with welding machine, as well as all of the above components, the next steps will not present to you a special difficulty. With wire insulation purified, and their interior is trimmed using sandpaper to shine.

After that, twist the wires in the traditional way and pour flux in the electrode groove. Push the wires to it and hold for as long as you do not see the appearance of the ball, so-called contact points. Thereafter, wire connection process can be considered finished. It remains only to clear the junction of excess flux, varnished and insulated.

Compound of wires in the junction box soldering method

At first glance, this method is similar to a method of welding, but it is a significant difference. For soldering the wires together using solder, the molten soldering. This allowed for a method that provides a reliable connection. Its only drawback - it is not very reliable in places where wires might get very hot.

Note!If you do not know how to solder, this method should be avoided. The compound may be too brittle, and at the slightest mechanical stress or tension wires may simply break in the location adhesions.

In order to carry out soldering wire you will need:

• soldering;
• tin-lead solder;
• rosin or a flux;
• in the case of a flux - special brush for him;
• fine sandpaper.

For the most part, wire connection process is performed in the same manner as in the case of welding. Here it is just melted without the metal itself, and only the solder. It should be closely monitored to be sure molten solder flows inside twisting for a more reliable bond. For the most part this method is used for working with copper wires, however, subject to the availability of a special solder, the same can be done with aluminum.

The use of contact clamps and screw bolting

Using a screw connection terminals - fairly common method used by many because of its simple and convenience. However, it also has its drawbacks, which are helpful to know before starting work.

Initially screw clamps used to interconnect a variety of metals, which must not come into contact. For example, it could be copper and aluminum, which in the presence of moisture begin to interact with each other. Over time, this method has been applied for wire connections. And even it was fixed at the level of the standard documentation.

Note! When using this method for the aluminum wires need to know that they will require periodic crimping to contact is not lost or weakened over time.

Bolted joints are also frequently used for wire connections, however, when it comes to how to hide them after that in the junction box, this method can be considered unsuitable. The whole point is cumbersome connections.

In order to connect the wires in such a way to insert a steel washer between them. This happens in the following sequence: on the bolt is put the puck, then put on one of the wires, and then another washer. After that, a second wire and a nut which tightens system. Of course, all this requires also good insulation, so the amount of the compound is obtained decent.

Useful advice!This method has the advantages - it is well suited for joining dissimilar metals have been possible to lay inside a special paste that prevents oxidation processes.

Installation of the junction box for the wiring

Having dealt with that, what methods can be bonded together wires, consider how to make installation of the system on the example of IP55 junction box for outdoor installation 100h100h50 mm.

Most often, the installation is done in the blank wall of brick or concrete. This may cause some difficulties in the process you will be drilled under it niche, but the system will be securely locked. If the box has a round hole, it is possible to use a special crown for the gun. For rectangular or square grinders used a special diamond blade, designed for operation with concrete.

Once a niche is definitely ready to try on her the junction box, make sure that everything is prepared properly. The junction box should be placed entirely in the wall so that after the installation of its front surface is at the same level with the wall.

In some junction boxes have special caps that are specifically designed for these places start cable. They must be carefully cut or break down, while maintaining the integrity of the total structure. They infest the ends of the wiring according to the diagram.

When you make sure that all the wires are wound in a junction box, you can start preparing mortar for fixing it. fixing principle is very simple:

• in niche prepared for distribution boxes, using a spatula lays a quantity of the solution;
• box with cables already establishments pressed inwards as deeply;
• excess solution, tabs on the sides are removed;
• if there is such a need, a box can hold the arm in the first few minutes to give a solution a little grab.

Useful advice!Instead of mortar can be used alabaster. He dries much faster and at the same time as perfectly support the weight of the box.

How to work with the installation of raspayachnoy boxes for open wiring, and in the case when it comes to a closed system, quality installation largely determines the quality of life and wiring service. The main thing in working with electricity - correctly assess their capabilities and, if necessary, seek help from a professional electrician.