How much is the foundation for a detached house: the calculation and the procedure works

In some cases, reinforce or replace the foundation is possible without additional manpower

How to make a foundation for a house with his own hands

Often, if you already have an old house, it seems obvious only one option: to demolish and build anew. However, pour the foundation under the house is possible not only in times cheaper than new construction, but in some cases even without additional manpower. Of course, different materials at home: log houses, brick, wireframe, modular - require different technology foundation pads, but still it will be faster and no worse than a complete overhaul of the house.

Under the influence of time and high physical exertion foot design dilapidated and can come into disrepair

In general, this article defines the types of work needed to pour the foundation for the house. With their hands (video and photos provide a visual representation of the commonly used methods) can be made sufficiently large part of them. In addition, for determination of the bearing capacity of the soil, its humidity and freezing depth should be invited to the expert.

The main types of foundation: an overview

First you need to understand the basic forms the foundationWhich not least determined by parameters such as the composition and soil humidity. Only properly determine the necessary type of foundation can truly solve the problem - how to pour the foundation for the house. The price in this case is not the decisive factor. The most important criteria for the calculation of the foundation - level to withstand loads.

Apparatus columnar foundation of different materials: reinforced concrete, rubble, concrete blocks and precast concrete

pier foundation

Pier foundation is not designed for heavy loads and its installation is the easiest option.

Base structure in this case consists of a columnar base, which are dug into the ground, and the beams connecting them in a single frame. Columns may be made of different materials: concrete, concrete, rubble concrete, block, brick, natural stone, tubes (plastic or asbestos), and even of wood. Depth of the poles in general depends on the species of soil and the groundwater level, and their material, number and section - the total weight of the structure.

Improved subspecies pier foundation - belt columnar structure

During the construction will not need to dig trenches and leveling. It will be sufficient to bring the pillars at the points at which concentrated load: the corners of buildings, the intersection of the walls and, for reliability, for load-bearing walls. The apparent advantage of the columnar structures is their low cost, but it should be remembered, they are not meant for heavy structures, and eliminate the possibility of arrangement of the basement premises.

Strip foundation

The foundation of this type is able to withstand the pressure of a large and heavy structure, and in a private building in the construction of houses it is used more often.

Reliable and will provide a solid foundation for the structure durability

Useful advice!Strip foundation is more functional than columnar, less than the foundation of a solid construction and is suitable for the equipment used by the structure of the cellar.

Strip foundation assembled from concrete or brick strips are digged into the ground, wherein the variant strip foundation relying on concrete slabs: to distribute the load from the building to a large area. At the foundation of this type have several options for implementation:

1. Brick.
2. Monolithic, which is formed of concrete right on the site.
3. Extra, which is assembled from concrete blocks.
4. Reinforced concrete, which is similar to a monolith, but first in the trench stacked reinforcing lattice.
5. Rubble concrete, which is formed from concrete mix, gravel and medium size stones.

EXAMPLE foundation drawing a horizontal sectional

Since the belt structure of foundations require more concrete than for the pole, then most likely, you will need a cement mixer. Accordingly, a value obtained by calculating calculator foundation materials and labor, will need to add the purchase price or lease of this facility.

slab foundation

This option - one of the varieties of monolithic foundation - for unstable soils prone to heave and shifting of: sand, peat bogs, saturated clay.

Interesting!When seasonal shifting of soil slab foundation evenly displaced along with them, therefore, it is also called "floating".

Driving device "floating" foundation

The basis of the construction is a concrete slab thickness from 30 to 100 mm, which are stacked onto the prepared substrate of gravel and sand of maximum paved ground aligned.

Monolithic foundation is considered one of the most complex and expensive to install. It depends on the quality of the material and its structure requires specific knowledge: for example, at what temperature can be filled with the foundation or determining the groundwater level and depth of freezing. So do not do without the involvement of specialists: unlikely to escape only independent calculation of how much the foundation under the house 10x10. the cost of failure may be too high.

If the foundation is badly damaged and needs to be replaced, require jacks to help lift the structure

pile foundation

pile foundation different from the columnar what columns are driven or screwed like a drill. In this case the ground under the column turns into a tightly compacted pad, which significantly adds to the reliability of the construction. On hammered poles reinforced concrete beams and even the tiles can be laid. The difficulty is that the need for driving DAC poles, but each of them will support a load of 5 tons, that is, the house can be quite large.

How to adjust the foundation under the house

The simplest case - a correction pier foundation. Pour the foundation under the house with his hands in this case, the easiest way. Enough to make installation of additional pillars beside the unreliable, then remove your old. Pier foundation was not originally designed for large loads, so the deformation is usually associated with swelling of the soil.

Reconstruction of the foundation is necessary if the old foundation of the house lost its strength and began to collapse

To strengthen began to break down the old brick foundation, there are two main ways. The first is connected with shotcrete: around the entire house on the perimeter dug trench foot, clean out the old foundation of debris, and then the surface of the old foundation is applied with a special setting cement solution.

Interesting! Gunning - applying compressed air pressure to the surface of a concrete or concrete structure layer of concrete or other mortar.

The second method is more universal. Along the perimeter of the house and dug a trench at the base of the foundation holes are drilled where the metal pins are inserted. Then the trench is filled partially with gravel, and the pins are connected by welding by means of metal beams. The resulting poured concrete reinforcement construction.

The circuit construction of the cap based on the pier foundation: brickwork on a wooden beam

If the foundation is not destroyed, but "loosened" under the influence of moisture, it is possible to manage the device a concrete shirt. In a shallow trench around the house right next to the foundation anchors driven into the ground, which are wrapped in wire mesh. Design also mounted poured concrete.

How to pour the foundation under the house with his own hands

Almost all of the options as the global solution to pour the foundation for the house come down to a simple idea: raise the structure to a height required for the foundation installation, mount the aforesaid, to lower it structure. Theoretically, it looks very simple, practically it may be that their own will only be possible to calculate how much is the foundation for the detached house.

Decorative trim helps protect the foundation of the structure from the impact of adverse weather conditions

If you must lift brick houseThen used spetsdomkraty with a load of 20-30 tons, but then without the expert can not do, because the brickwork is not a monolithic entity and the slightest mistake can crack on joints.

But in order to raise the frame, you need a minimum of two jacks with capacity from 5 tons (the best use of the jack 4 in the small house of 6x6 m). It is best to use specialized hydraulic equipment. It is more expensive, but much faster.

For the reconstruction of the house foundation needs a competent and responsible approach

Under the house need to put a couple of steel beams so that you can pick up the beam jack. For this purpose along the parallel walls digging trenches, then using the sledge hammer or partially punched parallel to each other the gaps in the old foundation, in which palms off and beams so that they stuck out at least half a meter to each side. Lift frame necessary with most sagging corner of the building, with each 5 mm lifting props must insure erection. To jack itself is not left in the ground, it is enough to put under thick tinplate sheet thickness of 10 mm or more pair of bricks. Then, in turn rises each jack the house with a pitch of 5-10 mm.

However, there are other options "lifting the" house, if only between the ground and the base of the house formed a gap sufficient for the person lying down. But in any case, for the preparation of cement-sand mixture will require Portland cement M400 or M500.

Driving device on the side of the tape base

formwork

Another part of the foundation, which can be made with your own hands - formwork for the foundation. Photo guide with step-fixation process will help you understand this more thoroughly.

It is necessary to dig around the house 30-40 cm deep trench and under the edge of the base to bring home at intervals small support made of concrete, brick or even wood. Once the operation is completed, you need to fill up a pillow of sand depth of 10-15 cm - it is enough that the future foundation evenly distributed weight pressures at home and not cracked.

Houses made of different materials: log houses, brick, Wireframe - will require different technology foundation pads

The next step - laying formwork. On the inner side of the foundation of the future, i.e. directly under the house, it is possible to use any board thickness of not more than 2-2.5 cm. It can be used as particle board or plywood. To concrete their weight is not brought down the formwork, under the house need to thoroughly sledgehammer to drive a few pillars and part of the formwork to connect in any convenient manner, even conventional screws. And do not forget to leave a hole for removal at the end of the formwork boards (they do not need to leave just because of the fact that the wood tends to absorb moisture).

Reinforcement

It is necessary to tie the outer side of the metal casing, which in turn can put anything metal: wire, rods, bars, grids, or even any unnecessary scraps reinforcement.

Apparatus discontinuous precast concrete foundation slabs of

When installing an outside foundation formwork need to pave her thick polyethylene, attaching it to a snug fit to the boards staple gun. Polyethylene lining will also help avoid overspending grout. Concrete mixture must be viscous-flow so that this will be more than enough. The optimum proportion of concrete is a mixture of 1 part cement, 3 parts sand and 2 parts of fine gravel.

Related article:

Calculation of reinforcement for the foundation: how to make

The calculation for the tape and slab foundation types. A detailed example of the calculation of the need for reinforcing bars in the foundation.

Filling the solution, it is necessary to closely monitor the degree of its "absorbency" adding in places where it sags significantly, sand and cement mixture (3 parts sand to 1 part cement). Do it to fill in the voids between the gravel particles.

After hardening of concrete and set maximum strength - about 3-4 weeks - should think about waterproofing: Before you "close" the foundation, it must be Procrit two layers of roofing material, if the house was raised jacks. Or take care of at home podsovyvaniya roofing bottom before filling the trench with concrete.

Piles allow evenly distribute the weight of the structure in areas of dense soil, overlying at great depth

How much is the foundation for a detached house

Almost any online calculator for calculating the foundation, which can be found on the Internet, will help determine the number of required materials, their cost and get the exact answer to the question: how much it costs to fill the foundation under the house?

For example, we calculate the cost of a standard tape base and the necessary amount of material for his arrangement for the house size of 7x7 m. The online calculator input parameter foundation sized reinforcement structure parameters and proportions of the concrete formwork mixture.

The circuit arrangement of the strip foundation to the size of 7x7 m house

size of the foundation:

• length 7000 mm;
• 7000 mm width;
• height 1600 mm;
• thickness 500 mm.

The total area of ​​the base foundation - 13 m².

Fitting design:

• horizontal rows - 4 pcs / step;
• vertical rods - 2 units / step;
• connecting rods - 3 pcs / step;
• Step 500 mm;
• valves weight - 12 kg / m.

total length fittings - 375.2 m (horizontal rows - 112 m, vertical rods - 179.2 m, connecting - 84 m). The total weight of the reinforcement - 4502 kg.

For the reinforcement of the foundation can use corrugated steel bars

formwork options:

• board thickness of 25 mm;
• board length 6000 mm;
• width 100 mm.

The total area of ​​the formwork - 83.2 m² (inner area - 44,8 m², foreign - 38.4 m²). The total volume of sawn - 2.1 m³ or boards 6000h100h25 139 mm.

The proportions of the concrete mix by weight of:

• Cement - Part 1;
• Sand - 2.5 parts;
• rubble - 3.6 parts.

The total volume of concrete for the foundation of everything - 20.8 m³.

The resulting calculation data (number and value) to reduce the whole table:

A very large amount of work can be done independently for all embodiments solve the problem of how to pour the foundation for the house. Video and photo instructions found on the Internet, provide sufficient information.