Lighting in the kitchen plays an important role. It is not only able to calmly work at any time of the day, but also an integral part of the interior. With properly selected backlight can make the room more spacious or visually split into zones. A decorative lighting can emphasize the selected style cuisine.
Content
- General requirements
- Lighting of individual zones
- Dinner Zone
- Work zone
- Choosing a lamp
- fluorescent
- halogen
- LED
- Influence of ceiling decoration lighting
- Interesting examples for inspiration
General requirements
Equipped kitchen lighting is needed in accordance with the sanitary rules and regulations prescribed in the SNIP. These documents are optimum values for different rooms (particularly for kitchen - 150 lm / m2), But no one will forbid slightly increase them depending on the type and number of devices used. The main thing - do not overdo it, because the excess of regulations may adversely affect vision and psycho-emotional state.
For competent lighting design for the kitchen, you need to take into account several parameters:
- Room Dimensions (area, and in some cases, and height);
- Coefficient natural insolation (calculation based on the distance from the floor to the center of the window);
- The number of lighting products, including decorative;
- Power and type of lighting fixtures, as well as the actual light output.
At the stage of design development planned and placement of lighting: lamps, floor lamps, built-in light - to create harmony in the interior of the kitchen. It is important to ensure that artificial light was uniform and warm. This not only helps to emphasize the beneficial design features, but also to make a comfortable stay in the kitchen itself.
When choosing a lamp, consider the size and style of the room, type and color of the furniture. But remember the basic rule: instead of a bright chandelier is always better to use a pair of equidistant lights with soft light. In order to save, you can choose devices with intensity regulator, but do not try to cut costs by buying cheap lights.
Use lighting in several levels. Devices must be in harmony with one another and have about the same luminous flux.
Lighting of individual zones
Dinner Zone
Here much depends on the cuisine style and shape of the table. Here are some interesting options that are worth considering:
- Freestanding table can be lighted only from above. You will need the appropriate size of a chandelier or a set of ceiling hangers. But if dining group is located at the wall, you can also install a couple of lamps to create a cozy atmosphere.
- Area - the options are a little more. A standard set of lighting devices can be expanded with a low floor lamp or a lamp with shade, nestled in the corner.
- bar counter - here, where there are no restrictions. Built-in fluorescent lamps, LEDs, adjustable spotlights or floodlights compact - all options are good. You can add a small table lamp (always with the original shade) or even a lava lamp, but only as a decorative element.
Work zone
conventional ceiling chandelierNo matter how powerful it may be, to illuminate the work area is not enough food. Standing at the table under its rays, you yourself will create a shadow. It is better to use a rotating lights, built-in diode of tape or long fluorescent tube. They are inserted into the bottom of the hinged lockers or under wall mounted shelves, spotlights can be installed even in the roof rail or fasten their clothes pins. The main thing is that they provide enough bright light, but at the same time placed in the grooves and not blind eyes.
Above the hob additional illumination is optional, if it is already built into the hood. But in the washing area of the additional light is a must.
The problem is that for the "wet" zone need devices with sufficient hose water protected. As an option worth considering skinali with integrated lighting - such glass panels provide enough light, impressive look in the interior and reliably protect the electrician from the water.
It is interesting to work on the lighting of the island cuisine. Here it will be added to the main lighting lamps over by the island. If this compact unit is almost square in shape, be able to do commensurate chandelier. But it takes a few hangers, evenly covering the entire surface of the long rectangular table. Be sure to try to trim them to the style of interior, because they probably will be in the spotlight.
Choosing a lamp
Today, in addition to the usual and inefficient incandescent lamps commonly used other sources of light. They have their own pros and cons, so that by the choice of light bulbs also need to be approached responsibly. It is important to choose the right tools according to the degree of dust and moisture protection, taking into account the types of lighting in the interior, as well as their proximity to water sources. In the kitchen, you can use the following types of lamps:
- IP 20 and above - for ceiling fixtures and wall sconces;
- From IP 45 - for use in the work area and close to the sink.
fluorescent
Such light sources are easy to attach to the bottom of the kitchen units, although in this case there is a need for additional mounting strips - to protect the eyes from direct rays.
The main advantages of fluorescent lamps:
- ease of installation;
- reasonable cost;
- economical energy consumption;
- a considerable period of operation;
- large variety of capacities;
- good luminous flux.
The disadvantages of fluorescent light sources include their bulkiness and the dependence on the room temperature (not below +10 ° C). But far more dangerous to house a pair of mercury they contain. The treatment of such lamps should be careful, and if their failure - for proper disposal.
The most common form of fluorescent light bulbs - a cylindrical straight tube. When marking its diameter indicated in millimeters, but occurs and a so-called T-resolution. Here, after the lettering «T» is a diameter of an inch. Also, when buying a lamp, note on the power and the marking base, characteristic of light, depending on the composition of the bulb cover.
As an index of the lamp power and indicate the color "temperature" of the flow - it affects the perception of ambient light by the human eye. To make it easier to navigate, is a small cheat sheet with details of this notation:
- 2700 K - sverhteply white;
- 3000 K - Warm White;
- 4000 K - natural white;
- 5000 K - Cool white (day).
Tubular fluorescent lamps are connected to the external ballasts (PRA). Modern "housekeepers" and complex shapes is already soldered to the socket.
halogen
According to the structure are the same as incandescent bulbs, but they have a much larger list of advantages: do not fade, compact, durable, heat-resistant and durable, valued for their efficiency. For comparison, conventional lamps generate from 5 to 20 lumens / Watt, and halogen - 15-25 lm / W, which reduces power losses by 30%.
Galogenki divided into three types:
- linear;
- capsule;
- With reflectors.
Linear halogen lamps are more suitable for external floodlighting. They are quite powerful and feature luminous flux (up to 48 000 lm). These lamps are designed to strictly horizontal installation, because the slope is reduced and their service life.
Halogen lamp with outer bulb is powered by the network and is connected directly - without a transformer. When installing new kitchen lighting is recommended to use a special device - the security module, which plays the role of filter by unstable voltage.
Halogen lamps with reflectors (IRC) - the most popular, especially for use in spotlights. They are comfortable for the eyes and allow to realize any design fantasies. Their operating principle consists in the redistribution and focussing the luminous flux generated by the lamp. About 60% of the capacity, which leaves other devices in the thermal radiation is just returning back to the coil, thereby reducing energy consumption for lighting.
Capsule (finger) halogen lamps consist of capsules and two terminals. Most often, this type of lamps used in open and decorative luminaires. The main rule - do not touch the bulb itself hands. After such contact microparticles fat with our skin are baked on the surface thereof under the influence of high temperature, which leads to cracking of the bulb and its rapid failure.
LED
Great helper in the kitchen lighting will be LED lights. They are the most economical, durable (lifetime 100 000 hours), reliable and easy to install. Installing diode lighting with his own hands, quite Drill holes in the furniture or walls for wiring and LED-stick tape to the right place - it is very easy and fast.
Under illumination of the work surface is set separate switch and pave the way hidden wire. Only after this LED is attached to the bottom of the hanging lockers.
Properly chosen and ceiling-mounted LED lights capable even replace traditional chandelier and create a pleasant atmosphere in the kitchen. Her soft and diffused light does not hurt and does not blind eyes.
Influence of ceiling decoration lighting
Kitchen - tough room. Here is a cooking process with the release of a considerable amount of steam and smoke. Therefore, for roof trim should be selected in the light leaving the surface water resistant, but reflect light well.
Very popular ceilings. They are practical and make it possible to accommodate many small spotlights. Film finishes can be combined with multilevel ceilings and highlight LED tape - it will give a nice effect of depth and help zoned space. Also, PVC coating has a high resistance to moisture, which can also be written in the plus, in addition to many other advantages: ease of care, durability, thermal insulation, large color range and the possibility of creating an individual design.
However, the ceilings may not boast the temperature resistance that will require you to choose the right bulb is not heated. The glossy surface reflects light well, which is important if you are doing a small kitchen lighting. This is a great opportunity to "double" the light output by the chandelier with horns facing up. But they can not be screwed into incandescent bulbs - due to the high temperatures they may damage the film or leave scorch marks on it.
For a device hidden or embedded spotlighting best sheathe plasterboard ceiling. GCR sheets are mounted on a wooden or metal frame, so for them it is possible to hide entire electrical stuffing, step-down transformers and wires. It will only have to paint and decorate the ceiling plinths, and set into the prepared slots selected fixtures - each in its opening.
Interesting examples for inspiration
The original version of the lighting a large U-shaped kitchen modern chandelier glass and steel, built-in lighting around the perimeter and a comfortable suspension over the bar.
Interesting organization decorative lighting in the kitchen without upper cabinets. Spot ceiling lights on the walls create a play of light and shadow, along the lines of a headset U-shaped worktop passes diode strip, and on top of it in every corner of the cozy arranged board lamps.
Luxury light island cuisine makes it a truly elegant. Besides spotlights along the angular headset and three stylish hangers over the island, hidden lighting hidden behind glass facades and mezzanine under the wall cabinets.
Standard solution illuminates the work area - without a ceiling chandelier. Instead, the entire bottom row of bollards decorated with solid line built-in light. A usability working surfaces provide spotlights hidden in cupboards and shelves transparent.
Even in a small kitchen needs a few light sources as in this photo. Built-in lights above the work surface, the line of spotlights along the L-shaped headset and stylishly assembled pendants over the bar-island.
EXAMPLE competent kitchen lighting in strict accordance with space zoning rules. Hidden illumination of all work surfaces, a series of long suspensions over the island and a big lamp over the dining table supplemented by ceiling spot, giving a soft diffused light.
Thinking and creating lighting in the kitchen with his hands, do not be afraid to experiment with the design of the instrument. But counting the number of luminaires and lamps choosing them, try to adhere to the existing rules, in order to achieve maximum effect.