How to connect the intercom handset in the apartment yourself?

The presence of an intercom has long been an indispensable condition for ensuring the comfort of a modern apartment. The main purpose of these devices is to provide homeowners with the opportunity to receive a call from visitors and remotely open doors. On-door speakerphones were much more convenient than outdated combination locks. We will find out how to connect the handset of the apartment intercom yourself.

Types of modern intercoms

For reliable identification of visitors, an audio or video intercom is used. The latter is often installed in private cottages and created for additional visual control of the space in front of the front door. As for city apartments in multi-storey buildings, an audio option is often installed in them, the design of which includes the following elements:

• A handset that is equipped with buttons for accepting a call and opening an input electromagnetic or electromechanical lock. The device is installed by a company that provides installation and maintenance services for the intercom. In the event that such devices were not installed in some apartments during the entrance, there is a possibility of their independent installation. You can also use the services of a specialist service company.

• The call panel, equipped with a dial-up field with numbers, which allows the visitor to send a signal to the doorphone by pressing the necessary code, usually the apartment number. In addition, a reader is located on the panel, with which you can use a special key to open the electromagnetic lock that blocks the entrance doors.

• Locking device with power supply. The most common type of lock today is electromagnetic. Until recently, electromechanical latches equipped with sliding mechanisms were found everywhere. Such devices are often present in the entrances of apartment buildings and now. To operate the remotely controlled unit, you need to use a constant voltage of 12 or 24 V.

• Switch. This device is designed to transmit a signal from the call panel to the subscriber handset of a particular apartment.

Depending on the type of signal processing, digital and analog intercoms are distinguished.

Important! For digital and analog models, various types of receivers are used. Before purchasing such a device, you should definitely find out what type is installed in the entrance.

Digital intercom

To connect devices of this type, only a cable with two wires is used, along which an encoded signal is transmitted. The handset installed in the apartment, the number of which was dialed on the call panel, responds to the supplied signal. To set the correspondence between the dialed code and the handset, special jumpers are used - jumpers - which bridge the necessary contacts in the answering machine.

To correctly program the operation of the tube, jumpers are placed between the numbered terminals so that the sum of the digits is equal to the apartment number.

The advantages of such intercoms include the ease of installation and connection of new subscribers.

The main disadvantage of such equipment is the influence of each tube on the operation of the entire system. When replacing the device, which is carried out due to its breakdown, as well as when connecting new subscribers, the correct installation of jumpers is extremely important.

Attention! In the event of an error when connecting a digital handset or a short circuit in the lead wires, system malfunctions may occur.

Currently, floor controllers are used to partially eliminate this drawback, which make it possible to localize a fault within the same level.

Another disadvantage of digital intercoms is their relative high cost, which does not allow these devices to be widely used.

Analog intercom

Analog settings use a coordinate-matrix connection and work on the principle of a telephone exchange. An additional element of such a system is the switch, in which the signal is processed and analyzed, as well as redirected to a specific subscriber.

Two buses are used to connect the doorphone to the switch. The contacts of the first of them (D0 – D9) correspond to tens, and the contacts of the second (E0 – E9) correspond to units. Thus, to connect the intercom to an apartment, the number of which, for example, is 74, you need:

• connect the conductor from the positive terminal of the subscriber tube to the contact corresponding to number 7 on the tens bus;
• a conductor adjacent to the negative terminal - to the contact corresponding to number 4 on the unit bus.

In the considered connection option, a device was used that was designed to serve up to 100 subscribers. There are models that can work with a large number of numbers, but their principle of operation is no different from the one discussed above.

If the numbers of apartments located in the entrance do not allow connection, the installer will reprogramming the control panel with a shift of numbers by a certain number (for example, from each subtract 84). In this case, there is some difficulty in connecting, because without consulting a specialist who installed the intercom at the entrance, it is difficult to determine the amount of displacement.

Connection Order

The sequence of actions will be as follows:

1. At the first stage of work, the location of the doorphone is selected, then it is fixed to the wall using quick installation.
2. Next, the installation location of the switch is determined (for analog intercoms). On each floor they are installed in a junction box for low-current circuits. All of them are connected in parallel, which greatly facilitates the installation process. In the general case, only one switch is sufficient for the entrance, however, when using such a scheme, one has to stretch the wires from the apartments of the upper floors to the installation site of the device.
3. After removing the protective cover of the switch, the terminals corresponding to tens and units are determined, then connect, so that the sum of the numbers of these contacts shows the serial number apartments.
4. Wires are connected to the handset. It is imperative to observe the polarity. The plus terminal is connected to the switch contact corresponding to tens, the minus - to units.

Important! If the polarity is not observed during the connection of the coordinate matrix system, the operation of the devices of the whole entrance may be disrupted.

Thus, installing a doorphone handset is not particularly difficult. However, before starting to do such work with your own hands, it is important to determine the type and brand of the device used, as well as the location of the switch and the connection scheme of subscribers.