Erection of the hip roof with their own hands

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Erection of the hip roof with their own hands

The hinged roof is made on the basis of the rafter system, which is like the construction of a gable roof.

This type of construction is able to effectively protect the house from various environmental influences and give it a respectable look.

The construction of a hip roof consists of four ramps, two of them are triangular in construction, the other two are shaped like trapezoids.

As you can see from the photo, the upper faces of the trapezoidal rays are connected on the ridge of the roof, its lateral sides are closed by triangular slopes.

The upper area of ​​the triangular element begins on both sides of the ridge beam, the lower parts of the triangular elements, as provided by the classic roof designs of private houses, are at the same level from the ground plane as the trapezoidal bevels.

As a result, a horizontal cornice is formed along the entire length of the roof structure.

It is not excluded the device of rafters of private houses with broken edges under different angle of inclination - the technology refers to the type of four-slope roofs, this modification is called mansard.

The broken roof roof originates in the eastern traditional architecture, its shape differs from the eastern houses only by the kink that they have made in the opposite direction.

In general, as can be judged from the photos below, the hip roof, unlike other types of roofs, does not have pediments.

Photo:

Contents:

  • Features of the hip rafters
  • Types of hip roofs
  • How to calculate the gutter system for a hip roof?
  • How to calculate the length of intermediate and angular elements?
    • Calculation of the axle( diagonal) rafters
  • Features of the installation of the roof hip roof

Features of the device of the hip rafters

The structure of the hip roof construction is made on a specially constructed base of wooden beams, through which the entire system is subsequently retained.

Therefore, the installation of the hip roof should begin with calculations regarding the size of the structure and the volume of building materials, which are then transferred to the drawing.

Making projects, think through the angle of the bevel and calculate the exact amount of materials that will be needed to build a hip roof.

Schematic diagram

If the angle of inclination of the roof area is large, then it is required to prepare much more construction materials.

The scheme of the constituent elements of the frame of the hip roof, includes:

  • Mauerlat - arranged around the perimeter of the walls of the house, is a bar, used as a lower support element for rafters;
  • central rafters - connected at the edges of the ridge beam, are intermediate;
  • vertical supports with struts for stiffness - their device provides fastening to the central beam;
  • skate beam - the upper edge of the roof, through it all elements of the rafter system are connected;
  • hipped rafter legs - mounted in the direction of the inner or outer corners of the walls of the house;
  • side rafters - located on both edges of the ridge;
  • narozhniki - reinforce the load-bearing rafters;
  • due to runs, struts, legs and racks provides rigidity of the rafter structure.

Types of hip roofs

The hinged roof with its own hands can be made based on one of the below proposed varieties.

Standard four-pitch hip roof - assembled from two trapezoidal and two triangular slopes, at the base are straight elements.

The angled roof rafters are directed from the ridge. The height of the eaves is at the same level.

Tent hip roof - a four-edged structure, all the faces of which are connected at one point in the center.

The roof-type tent roof device is ideal for square-type houses.

The Danish four-stage construction provides for the presence of pediments at the top of the shortened bevels, which allow the construction of vertical window openings.

Mansard roof - a four-sided construction assumes the presence of broken lines.

Mansard roof is characterized by the complexity of the structure, but at the same time, a well-designed scheme of its arrangement allows to make full living rooms in the attic space, as in the photo.

House with attic

Therefore, if the mansard structure and will cost more, all the additional costs will compensate for the rational use of its area.

To build any of the above constructions, first of all, it is required to determine the angle of the roof.

Experienced roofers know how much the angle of the slope affects the life span of the hip roof and the walls of the house that it protects.

Often the angle of inclination of skates is established, being guided by the climatic conditions of the terrain.

If the region often experiences strong gusts, it is better to reduce the angle of incidence, which will prevent the destruction of the bearing walls of the house.

In regions famous for heavy snowfalls, the slopes are on the contrary made sharp, as a result of which the height of the roofs does not delay the snow.

Smooth slopes of private houses are appropriate in arid areas, they allow to avoid excessive overheating.

How to calculate the roof truss system?

Calculation of the hipped roof is carried out in square meters, according to the following plan:

  • first you need to calculate the total area, taking into account the opening of the roof windows and chimneys;
  • calculate the length of the bevel from the edge of the cornice to the ridge;
  • calculate the parts that are not parts of the roofing.

The calculation does not take into account standing seams, exposed parts of the beams and the abutment of the products of the roll roofing.

In addition, during the determination of the roof area made of metal, it is necessary to take into account that the length of the bevels is shortened by 700 mm.

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Correct calculation of the area can only specialists with the use of special software.

When performing calculations, the roof is divided into zones and individual calculation is made for each area.

The finished data is folded and the calculation of the hip roof is obtained, which results in the exact height of the roof and the angle of inclination of the future ramps.

This technology simplifies the procedure and reduces the risk of errors in the calculation.

In accordance with the calculations, a roof drawing is drawn up, after which the area is marked out.

In the course of marking works, a measuring strip is used, which is pre-made from plywood material.

The width of the slats should be 5 cm, the size of the main elements of the hip roof is marked on its surface.

The presence of the measuring rod makes it possible to simplify and accelerate the marking process, excludes possible errors and does not require repeated measurements by tape measure.

A roof hatch is a drawing of the following type:

  • On top of the end walls of the house along the strapping we mark the points, we connect them with a line - the device of the ridge beam;
  • We divide the thickness of the ridge in half, mark the position of the first detail of the roof rafter. Using a measuring rod, one of its edges is laid to the line made earlier, the other - stacked on the side wall( in this place will be the point of the position of the intermediate rafter);
  • Calculate the length of the roof overhang, for this purpose, one edge of the measuring rail rests on the line of the outer part of the wall, the other edge is laid on the roof overhang. Moving the rail to the edge of the surface of the side wall, make a mark for the central element of the rafter, which will be installed on the side wall and the upper area of ​​the strapping;
  • The same principle applies to the remaining three corners, as a result, the position of the other intermediate rafters of the future system and the ridge ends is determined;
  • Since the hip roof provides triangular elements in the rafter system, it is possible to determine the exact size with accuracy, recalling the Pythagorean theorem;
  • The correct construction of a hip roof will allow the presence of a design scheme, where the length ratio and the possible location of the rafter elements are indicated;
  • Then perform marking work for the intermediate elements of the rafters and the casing details of the roof. The rafters are fixed to the ridge beam at the expense of an oblique cut, the skate is also made undercut from both sides - for convenient fixation of the angular parts of the hip roof.

To add the above information to the details will allow thematic video material.

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How to calculate the length of intermediate and angular elements?

For calculating the dimensions of the intermediate central elements of the rafters, one must turn to the science of geometry. But immediately it is necessary to clarify the angle of inclination in the roof design.

Then, for the correct calculation, it is desirable to use the table of correlation of the indicators shown in the photo.

Table of coefficients

To obtain the exact length of the central element of the rafters, the length of its laying should be multiplied by the coefficient, finding in the table an appropriate angle of inclination of the roof in the table.

Using this calculation, you can find out the length of the rafters from the junction with the ridge run to the connection point on the wall or mauerlate.П

Measurements should be performed on the inner part of the rafter leg.

Calculation of the axial( diagonal) rafters

Nakosnye or diagonal rafters, compared with the intermediate rafters of hip roofs of houses, have a small angle.

In order to provide a quality device for hammering, in the process of joining the skate, oblique cuts are made. For a small house, the device of the diagonal rafters can be made at its corner.

When large-scale construction for the corners of the object using springs.

The length of the diagonal elements of the roof hip roof system begins to measure from the corner of the house.

Laying the horn on the surface is the hypotenuse of the triangle, the legs are the laying of the central rafters.

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Next, apply the rule that was used to calculate the placement of intermediate elements.

Then we multiply the length by the index indicated in the table of relations, and we learn the length of the pile.

Special features of installation of the hinged roof rails

A hinged roof with its own hands can be built without the involvement of specialists. The main thing is to get high-quality materials and follow the existing installation rules.

The construction of a four-pitched hip roof, in addition to rafters, is equipped with a Mauerlat. The supporting beam or bar is located along the perimeter of the house wall strictly in a horizontal position.

The ceiling beams of the ceiling are mounted on the Mauerlat.

If a roof is erected on a wooden structure, the rafters are mounted on the log frame.

Video:

Diagonal rafters( hammers) are fixed at one end to the Mauerlat, the other to the ridge run due to the oblique cut. In addition, they are fixed with truncated elements of the rafters - the Narodniks.

With a large area of ​​the hip roof for the purpose of qualitative installation of corner elements and hardening of the truss system, trusses are used.

Part of the load from the axle rafters takes on the bolts, struts, pins and struts, which together form a rigid frame.

The lower edges of the filing rafters are connected to the Mauerlate by means of cut-outs, in combination with special fastening elements.

The upper edges of the holes at 1 m from the ridge run are connected among themselves by horizontal screeds - crossbars. The crossbars are bars with parameters of 120x40 mm.

This type of hip rafters is designed to withstand wind loads.

After the nuts are fixed, they move on to assembling the ordinary elements of the hip rafters.

The amount of indentation between them is selected based on the expected loads and the type of roofing material.

As a rule, the step between ordinary rafters does not exceed 60-70 cm.

The used length of the hocks determines the overhang of the hip roof, therefore, if the length of the central rafters is insufficient, the elements are lengthened by joining two bars.

On the finished rafter construction perform the crate, lay hydro - and vapor barrier, mount the controllift. Details in the below video material.

Video:

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