Water filter flowing main mechanical cleaning

Not always tap water meets the requirements, so residents of apartments have to make their own decisions about how to clean it. Some owners install filters for washing, thus obtaining clean drinking water. But not only water for drinking and cooking needs to be cleaned: too hard water used for washing adversely affects the health of hair and skin. Household appliances such as washing machines, kettles, and water heaters also suffer from poor-quality water. If the water that flows from your faucet does not suit you in many ways, and not just in taste, it makes sense to install a main filter for water purification.

The main filtering devices are connected to the water mains, through which water enters the apartment in order to perform the following preliminary cleaning functions:

1. Elimination of microorganisms, pesticides and other harmful substances.
2. Removing rust, turbidity and unpleasant odor.
3. Improving the taste of water used for drinking and cooking.
4. Reduce increased hardness by softening water. Clean and soft water will help to avoid dry hair and skin, rashes, washing things will become more effective, and clothes - soft and pleasant to the touch.
5. Protection of equipment from the negative effects of impurities, the appearance of scale, clogging with solid particles.

Typically, main filters for cleaning the water entering the apartment are installed in pairs: one on a pipe with hot water, the second on a cold one.

Water Filter Classification

Trunk filters differ in the following parameters:

• case material;
• appointment;
• number of cleaning steps;
• view of the cartridge.

Material

The main filter housings can be made of plastic or metal. Flow-through filters for cleaning cold water should not be placed on a hot pipe, since the housing may melt. The main filter made of stainless steel is universal and is used for both hot and cold water.

In order not to buy a fake, check the logo, which is applied to the case by etching.

Appointment

Main filters are used for mechanical cleaning, as well as chemical and biological. Chemical treatment is primarily the chlorination or softening of water through the use of reagents. This method of cleaning in apartments is not recommended. For greater efficiency, several stages of cleaning are used in the filters.

The number of cleaning steps

Depending on the purpose, flow filters contain from one to three stages of cleaning. If you know what impurities need to be purified from water, you must choose the appropriate model.

Degree of purification

Particles from 50 to 500 microns are able to retain the so-called strainer, which purifies the water from pieces of rust, sand, scale present in the water. With other types of impurities, particles of which have a size of 5 to 25 μm, the main water filter with a replaceable cartridge (cartridge) successfully copes. After running out of life, cartridge models require the replacement of filter elements, and the housing remains in place.

Cartridges

Cartridges for main filters are selected according to the composition of the filter elements. A model may contain:

• absorption material;
• membranes;
• silver ions;
• polyphosphates.

The cheapest cartridge for the main filter provides mechanical filtration, for example using foamed polypropylene. The carbon cartridge removes many harmful substances from the water. More complicated systems are cleaning with compressed activated carbon and a fibrous sorbent.

Many manufacturers, fearing competitors, do not disclose the composition of the filter elements they develop and keep it secret.

There are standard designations for the most common types of cartridges:

• BA - for iron deferrization;
• BS - to soften hard water used for food purposes;
• with activated carbon - to remove the smell and taste of chlorine;
• with polyphosphates - against scale.

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Types of trunk filters

The main filters for water purification differ in design and principle of operation. They must be selected according to specific needs.

Coarse Filter

The main filter of rough water purification separates the largest particles. It is installed as an input filter for water, so that the equipment in the apartment can work for a long time. Rough pre-treatment is also needed before other water filtration methods.

The main element is a metal strainer without replaceable cartridges. Some devices use several stages of filtration, where the mesh size is gradually reduced. The mechanical filter serves unlimited time as the filter element passes periodic cleaning by washing, which can be direct and reverse (the latter is more effective). If the mesh is completely clogged, it can be replaced.

Fine cleaning

Fine filters perform several functions, where the first stage is used for mechanical purification of water, thereby reducing the load on subsequent stages.

Fine-cleaning devices may include ultraviolet water treatment and additional filtration, in which the liquid is freed from small insoluble particles and certain chemicals, after which it can be safely used for drinking.

Water softeners

Sodium polyphosphate can be used as a reagent in a flowing water filter for a bathroom as a reagent. Water passing through such a filter softener is no longer suitable for food purposes, but is suitable for washing and washing.

To soften hard water without dissolving complexing substances, a special filter is used - a magnetic filter. In this case, water-insoluble compounds of calcium and magnesium do not form hard to remove scale: under the action of a magnetic particle of salt forms a needle-like structure and does not stick to the surface, but falls out to sediment. Unlike scale, they do not affect the operation of heating appliances or plumbing. Electromagnetic water softener able to bring its quality in terms of stiffness to the requirements of GOST (7 mEq / l). The softening is partially carried out by the reverse osmosis membrane.

Device selection

How to choose the best main filter for drinking water purification in the apartment?

When choosing you need to consider the following parameters:

1. Loss of pressure in the water supply. It should be between 0.1–0.6 bar. In a house with a low pressure, when installing a filter, you will have to additionally use a main pump.
2. Throughput. For an apartment, products that pass through themselves a volume of water of 20-50 l / min are suitable.

Universal devices of the domestic Geyser company are in demand. Main filters are designed to purify water from iron ions, rust, salts, solids, harmful microbes and bacteria. At the same time, its useful properties are preserved thanks to modern technologies of mechanical filtration, ion exchange, disinfection with silver and sorbent. Reviews on the company's products are mostly positive.

The domestic company Aquaphor also produces filters based on the latest advances in water treatment. The Aquafor Viking series of devices is designed for fine purification of water from heterogeneous impurities: sand, rust, excess iron in water, metal salts and other substances. It also provides neutralization of chlorine, which is harmful not only when drinking water inside, but also when bathing.

The Artesian household self-cleaning filter with washing does not require the use of replaceable cartridges. Its filter element consists of high strength stainless alloys. Silver is applied to the filter element galvanically and a finest string is wound. Under the influence of the water stream, it vibrates, and pollution does not precipitate in the pores. Flushing is carried out using a drain valve.

From foreign models, Atoll devices have proven themselves well. They have an affordable price and high quality cleaning. The contamination of the cartridge is controlled by a transparent case, which allows you to change it in time.

Installation of the main filter

After selecting suitable designs, the main water filters are installed with their own hands on pipes with hot and cold water. There are also universal devices that can be installed on any type of water supply.

Installation steps:

• The water supply valve is closed, the pressure in the pipeline is relieved by tearing off one of the taps.
• With the help of couplings and flexible eyeliner, the selected filter cuts into the water supply. External valves are sealed with sealant.

During installation, the direction of water flow is taken into account. The input must be marked IN.

• Holes are drilled into the wall and dowels are inserted. Fasteners are inserted in the upper part of the filter, and self-tapping screws are screwed.

The device is mounted to the wall without fail, since without it it will adversely affect the operation of the line, providing additional pressure.

• The system is tested for leaks. Water descends for 5 minutes. In this case, the cartridge is flushed, and air is removed from the system.

The main water filter with a replaceable cartridge requires determining the composition of the water, on the basis of which its cartridge is selected, which ensures effective cleaning. If it does not fully comply with the requirements, the next replacement can install another.

The life of the cartridge is counted from the moment of installation. According to the instructions, it must be replaced after a specified period of time, and if the water has a very high hardness or pollution level, then this will have to be done earlier.