Mortar for wall plaster, proportions

Plastering is the standard method of leveling walls during the construction of buildings, and preparing them for final finishing. It must be done during any work, both external and indoors. More recently, such operations did not differ in the variety of methods of their conduct and the materials used. The development of construction technologies is rapidly advancing and today there is a large selection of materials necessary for finishing work. In order not to make mistakes during their implementation, it is required to correctly make a mortar for plaster, correctly maintaining the proportions.

If the solution is done correctly, it should include a filler and an astringent component. The latter include lime, cement or clay - the choice is determined by the nature of the work performed and the venue. Traditional placeholder when plastering walls is an sand. If aggregate is not added to the binders, the strength of the plaster will suffer.

Types of solutions and proportions

1. Mortar. It consists of one part of lime dough and from one to five parts of sand. The number of parts of the latter is determined by the fat content of lime. The mixture should have an average degree of density, and if it does not include gypsum, a similar amount of water should be added to it. It is necessary to prepare a lime solution directly on the day of its use.
2. Clay solution. The percentage of elements of the mixture is similar to that described in the previous case. Often, in order to strengthen the solution, gypsum, lime or cement are added to it.
3. A solution of clay and lime. It consists of: one part of clay, from three to six parts of sand and 0.4 parts of lime.
4. A solution of clay and gypsum. It includes one part of clay, a fourth part of gypsum, from three to five parts of sand. The amount of the latter is determined by the fat content of clay.
5. Clay cement solution. The proportions of its preparation: one part of clay, from three to five parts of sand, 0.2 parts of cement.
6. A solution of lime and gypsum. It includes one part of gypsum, 0.4 parts of lime and four parts of sand. Gypsum helps accelerate the hardening process of the mixture and, if necessary, can be replaced with alabaster or cement, which will not affect its quality.
7. Cement mortar. The mixture can be made from one part of cement, 0.1 parts of lime and five sand parts. The solution is fixed after about forty minutes. You can use it in those rooms where there is high humidity.
8. A solution of cement and lime. The composition of the components is similar to a cement mortar, only lime oil is used instead of water.

Material selection and necessary tools

In order to make the right choice of material for plastering the walls of the premises, it is necessary to clearly understand in which finishing is done, since it can be a question of both normal leveling of the surface, and puttying for facing building. It is the type of work performed that determines the answer to the question of how to prepare a mortar for plastering walls.

First of all, the meaning of the concept of “plaster” should be clarified. Traditionally, this word refers to the hardened top layer of the surface, in addition, this is the mixture itself, used for leveling purposes. Also the name is the process of decoration.

In order to make a mortar for plastering walls of cement putty with your own hands, you will need a bucket of plastic or metal, a mixer and a drill. If it is not possible to use a special drill at low speeds, you can dilute the mixture using ordinary drill, only in this case you need to switch to the minimum adjustment mode revolutions. And it will rotate slowly and there will be enough revolutions. It is important to note that you should not use the usual packing bucket, because the mixer will break it.

Features of the process of applying the solution

The correctness and quality of the plastering process of internal walls is influenced by many factors that should not be ignored:

• in a room whose walls should be plastered, it is required to maintain a certain temperature regime, since it is the temperature that determines the choice of material for work and its composition. If a mixture of sand and cement is used, it is possible to perform work at an air temperature of 5 to 35 degrees Celsius and an air humidity of up to 60%. When using other components, you should adhere to the recommendations on temperature and air humidity issued by the manufacturer;
• in the case of a decision to use a ready-made solution, the brand of which is known, it is necessary to carefully study the instructions attached to it;
• correctly begin to do plastering from the ceiling, gradually moving to the walls;
• every new plaster coat it should be applied only after the previously applied is completely dry. In this case, it is impossible to bring the matter to the drying of the applied layer, otherwise the adhesion between the dried and new layers of plaster will be of poor quality;
• used in work instruments extremely simple and must be kept in good working order. After finishing work, they should be thoroughly washed and cleaned.

After the plaster mortar is prepared, it can be applied to previously prepared walls. In order to ensure good adhesion of the mixture to the wall, it is necessary to make the upholstery of its surface dry wood shingles or reinforcing mesh. In the event that the brick walls are plastered, it is necessary to make the separation of the joints between the bricks at least four millimeters in depth. If the wall is made of concrete, notches must be made on it, and the surface of the wall should be moistened with water immediately before starting work.

Often there is an opinion that it is not difficult to make a stucco mortar with your own hands and apply it correctly. Unfortunately, this is far from the case. If you do not know all the intricacies of its preparation and the exact proportions of the components that make up its composition, you will not be able to do the job qualitatively.