How to make a water filter

In a city or rural environment, there is always a risk that water will not be suitable for consumption in raw form. Even if it is clean, then going a long way, passes through dirty pipes, tanks and so on. If microbes and bacteria get into the water storage tanks, it is very difficult to get rid of them.

If you remember, even in Soviet times, special services informed tenants of all houses about water filtration. These days it was impossible to use water from the tap, because it had an unpleasant smell of bleach. It was impossible to drink such water, except for a long time to defend and boil. In such periods, chlorine was used to carry out disinfection of the tanks. It killed microbes, but could not cope with the main task - purifying water from foreign impurities. Then, domestic water purifiers were invented, which served as the basis for the creation of the first industrial filters.

To always get clean water from a tap, well or from a well and drink it safely, you can make a water filter yourself.

What is the purpose of the filter?

Filter is a special device that allows to purify water from large and small foreign impurities. Cartridges for coarse cleaning do not cope 100% with their task, since small grains remain in the water. In order to clean water qualitatively, it is necessary to use a modern filter. It cleans water of small particles, heavy salts, metals, chlorine and pathogenic bacteria. As a result of proper processing, even ordinary raw tap water becomes harmless to humans.

Why is it necessary to filter water from a well? This question is asked by many villagers. After all, no one had thought about letting water out of the well through special devices. It was enough to collect a bucket of well water and use it for its intended purpose. Now the situation has changed a little and not always well water can be consumed without fear, because it can "find" a lot of harmful substances. These are heavy salts, bacteria, microorganisms, nitrates, nitric acids( irrigation and field treatment), pesticides and other fertilizers. Some of these substances, when growing agricultural products, remain in the ground and seep into aquifers.

If you study this problem thoroughly, it becomes clear that the cesspools, manure pits, and toilets most often do not meet the safety standards, so pathogenic microorganisms also get into the water. To drink such water is not only unpleasant, but also very dangerous! Therefore, in order to prevent the spread of serious diseases, it is necessary to install a water filter. There are many different models on the market that differ in performance and principle of operation. The cost of this device ranges from 200 rubles( filter jug) to 40 thousand rubles( individual filter stations).

If there is no possibility to purchase a filter in the store, we offer an excellent option - to make a water filter for yourself.

Materials for water filters

The principle of operation of any filtering device is the same - it is necessary that the water passes through the filter material. It can be ordinary fabric, or gauze folded in several layers, cotton wool, thick paper napkins, as well as grass, sand or coal.

For temporary cleaning of water, gauze, fabric, cotton wool or paper napkins are suitable. They perfectly clean water, but at the same time they will not last long, as they will have to be changed frequently. If it is necessary to build a temporary filter for water purification, then these materials can be used.

More reliable and durable filter material is charcoal. You can get it yourself or purchase several bags in the store. The principle of constructing a home filter is simple: you need to lay a layer of clean charcoal( preferably without foreign impurities), a layer, sand, grass or gravel, then again a layer of coal and so on. As the top layer, you can use a special material - Lutrasil, which is made of propylene fiber.

If there is a desire to save, it is easy to make charcoal for the filter yourself. For this, you need to take wooden logs( clean, not painted with paint, varnish or stain) and burn in a metal pan. Remember that coniferous tree species for filter construction will not work, as they contain many essential oils.

How to make a water filter for yourself

If you compare a classic inexpensive filter in the form of a tank, but you can find out that the capacity of such devices is small, only a few liters - only 1 person can use the filter, and a family of 2 or more people suchoption is not suitable. There is another inconvenience in use - the receiving capacity is located above the second container, and between them is inserted a filter through which the water percolates into the reservoir. It takes a long time until the water clears and can be used for its intended purpose. Consider these shortcomings in the manufacture of a water filter.

For the construction of the filter we will need:

• canister of food plastic, capacity 20 liters;
• collapsible water tap;
• hot melt;
• plastic bottle for 10 liters;
• washer and threaded stud;
• piece of plastic pipe, diameter 40 mm;
• charcoal;
• filter for taping into the water supply.

How to make a water filter:

1. For a receptacle, we use a plastic canister. It is necessary to insert a demountable crane into the bottom of the canister. You can not buy it, but unscrew it from the tetra package from wine. This tap is very convenient for the construction of the filter, if you press it - the liquid flows out, release - the valve closes.
2. At the bottom of the canister, you need to cut a small hole to insert the tap. Plant it best on hot melt.
3. The initial capacity is 10-liter bottles of drinking water.
4. It is necessary to cut a hole in the tank with a sharp knife.
5. The neck of the canister and the capacity of the bottle must match the diameter, so you do not need to fix anything else. The neck "sits" in the hole is very tight.
6. As a filter element, we take a ready-made filter, which is used for tapping into existing water supply networks. It is installed in the inside of the canister, since the element itself does not pass through the neck.
7. To fit the filter tightly in the container, it must be pressed using a washer( at the bottom, drill a hole) and the studs.
8. We connect all the components together and test the homemade filter. It is possible to act differently and instead of the ready filter to make independently a cartridge from charcoal. To do this, you need a piece of pipe in which you need to put charcoal, connect the pipe to the neck and fix the homemade filter with a hot-melt adhesive. As a gasket, the bottom can be put a napkin or folded in several layers of fabric or gauze.
9. To keep the coal inside the pipe, the reverse end must also be covered with a napkin and securely fixed.
10. Now insert the filter into the neck of the bottle and place it on top of the canister. Get a big filter.
11. Test our homemade cartridge. We pour 5 liters of water into the tank, this is enough to "pump" the carbon filter. Look at what will be the water, it will flow muddy, with small particles of coal - this is normal. Next time, the water will be clear.

The performance of such a handmade filter is approximately 3 liters per hour. If you fill the homemade filter in the evening, then in the morning you can use clean water. This is very convenient, since you do not need to wait until it cleans. You will always have a decent supply of water for a day. Approximately 15 liters, and this is quite a lot. By the way, the water does not stagnate, and a bag of charcoal will last for several years.

The dimensions of the water filters can be different. If you need to quickly clean a little water, then you can make another cartridge using a purchased filter. So you can save on buying a jug, especially if you have to move often from one place to another. Homemade filter will help out on business trips, on vacation, at the dacha.

To produce the filter, you must prepare the following:

• filter;
• plastic bottle for 2 liters;
• scissors.

Stages of creating a water filter:

1. Scissors need to cut the bottle into 2 parts. The upper conical part will remain together with the lid.
2. Then the bottom of the filter should be inserted into the first part of the bottle( with the neck) so that the filter "sat" very tightly. So you can decide where to cut off the high part( the neck).We cut the scissors along the planned line. Now you have 3 pieces of plastic bottle plus a filter. We do not need the top part of the bottle with a lid.
3. Collect the water filter: in the upper part of the bottle( middle), install the filter, narrow side down.
4. Insert this design into the conical part of the bottle and hold it tight.
5. Everything, the filter for water purification is ready, it remains to test the device by pouring a little water.

The next version of the homemade water purification cartridge is more interesting, since we will not only make the water tank full, but the filter itself.

To do this, prepare the following:

• canister for water( capacity 5 or 10 liters);
• 3-L glass bottle;
• fine river sand;
• wood or activated charcoal;
• gauze or cotton wool( you can take fabric).

How to make the filter yourself:

1. Cut the bottom of the plastic bottle. In the lid with a red-hot shil we make a hole.
2. We turn the bottle with the neck down and stack the filtering elements in this sequence: first cloth, gauze or cotton wool, then charcoal and the last layer - river sand.
3. In this position, without turning over, we insert our homemade filter into the neck of the glass jar.
4. Now you can check how the filter works. To do this, fill it with water( you can cover the homemade device with a cut bottom) and wait for it to pass through the sand, coal and fabric. We try the water and enjoy its taste.

Similarly, it is possible to make a large installation for filtering water from a reservoir or well.

We propose to look at one more option for constructing a mini-filter with our own hands: