How to conduct wiring in the house?

Contents:

The advantage is as follows:

• can be repaired without any problems( do not cut the wallpaper, destroy the plastered walls, etc.);

• simpler installation and preparatory work( do not need to gut the walls for wiring in the house);

• it is convenient to add new branch points.

Disadvantages of this method of installation:

• very often does not fit into the general interior of rooms( cable channels are not very attractive);

• open wiring is more susceptible to mechanical damage and, as a rule, has a shorter life.

Hidden electrical wiring in the house is more popular. This option involves the installation of wires in specially created grooves in the walls and ceiling( shtroby), as well as in a false ceiling, under plastic, in a special skirting board.

Advantage:

• does not spoil the interior of rooms by its appearance;

• is fireproof( except for a wooden house);

• is cheaper( compared to an open method of laying electrical wiring);

• the probability of damage is much less;

• high durability of all elements.

Among the shortcomings are:

• the complexity of repair and maintenance( to replace the electrical wiring in the house or connect a new point, it is necessary to damage the finishing material);

• in case of failure it is very difficult to find the exact location of the failure, if you do not use special devices, for example, a self-made metal detector;

• more complicated electrical work.

We recommend that you still choose the latter method, since it is more durable and the entire line does not catch sight! When choosing high-quality components and the correct installation of electrical wiring in the house, the probability of breakage is extremely small.

Creating a circuit

In order to draw a wiring diagram, it is necessary first to provide the locations of the following elements in a private house:

• the place where the route is entered into the room;

• automation( RCD and circuit breaker);

• powerful home appliances( for example, a washing machine, an electric boiler, a kitchen stove), since it requires a separate power line;

• ceiling lights;

• sockets, switches, junction boxes.

The following requirements and recommendations for creating an electrical wiring diagram should be noted:

• Wires must pass through walls and ceiling only strictly vertically and horizontally. The rotation should be at a right angle. You can also conduct electrical wiring on the floor, if you use a special electrical plinth.

• The location of the wiring through the wall should be at a distance of 20 cm from the ceiling, while the lines of installation of the outlets and switches of the line are lowered strictly downwards.

• The door must be 10 cm from the door and window openings.
  

• Switches must be made at a distance of 80 cm( or 150 cm) from the floor, on the side of the door handle.

• Installation of the sockets is carried out at a distance of 30 cm from the floor, and above the kitchen top of the outlet must be installed at a height of 10 cm.

• In rooms with high humidity switches and sockets should not be placed( only at a safe distance according to GOST), it is best to remove all necessaryelements outside the room.

Based on the recommendations, proceed to create your own wiring project.

You can use one of the following wiring diagrams in an apartment building as an example:

It is best for such purposes to use a photocopy of your house plan, because in this documentation the exact sizes of rooms and the placement of windows, doors, walls are observed.

After the design scheme is done, proceed to the marking works.

Marking work

Marking work is the application to the walls of chalk or coal route cable passage, as well as the location of its elements. To quickly and smoothly make the route of electrical wiring, it is recommended to use a rope pre-painted in chalk( or coal).Such a rope is properly called a marking cord, see how it can be used in the photo below:

All you need to create one of the sites is to secure one end of the rope in its original position and gently stretch it to the end point( so that the colored rope does not touch the wall).After this, the rope must be pulled and sharply released so that the trail remains on the wall.

After completion of the marking, it is recommended to photograph the walls in a private house. This will allow you to quickly find the wiring when it is replaced or repaired.

Selection of component elements

At this stage, it is necessary to select all planned electrical products for wiring installation. We draw your attention to the fact that when selecting materials, you do not need to save money, because low-quality Chinese products are often the cause of accidents( up to a short circuit), and also undergoes breakdowns.

We recommend you to choose the following elements( see photo above):

• junction boxes and channels from non-flammable or self-extinguishing materials;

• sockets and switches of open type( they are easier to fasten, while the cost of products is an order of magnitude lower than that of hidden ones);

• copper cable( its service life is much longer than that of an aluminum product).In addition, copper wires can withstand higher loads. We recommend to give preference to such brands as PVS, VVGng or NYM;

• cross-section of conductors per rosette group not less than 2.5 mm.sq. m.(withstand current up to 25 A, which is enough for home conditions, although it is better to calculate the cable cross-section for individual conditions of use).For lighting installation, you can choose a cable with a cross-section of conductors of 1.5 mm. Square, but to connect a powerful home appliances you will have to purchase a thicker conductor - 4 mm.

Calculation of materials

In addition to the fact that you need to calculate the exact number of outlets, switches, installation boxes, you still need to take care of the length of the wire for the installation of all electrical wiring in the house.

Be sure to purchase the length with a margin, otherwise in the course of work you may get into trouble when to the end point you will not be enough literally 10-15 cm.

We advise you to calculate the length taking into account the following rules:

• for installation boxes to the length, add 5 cm +;

• for the installation of lamps to the length, add 10 cm( if using an incandescent lamp) and 15 cm( if a fluorescent lamp is used);

• to the length of each segment, add 10-15 cm to connect the wires together.

The basic process of the

So, the scheme is there, the constituent elements are acquired, the walls are prepared. Now you can safely go to the installation of electrical wiring in the house with their own hands.

For work we will need the following tools:

1. Small diamond with a diamond disc

2. Hammer with a crown for a brick or concrete

3. Screwdriver

4. Hammer

5. Chisel

6. Sharp knife

7. Moulder

8. Spatula

9. Foam grater

To get the information better understood, we will provide the entire wiring processon a private house in the form of step by step instructions.

Step 1 - Shtroblenie walls

With the help of the bulgaria, we cut out special grooves in the walls marked off from the counter for the installation of new wiring in the house. The dimensions of the grooves should be as follows: depth 2 cm, width 2 cm).In the places for installation of junction boxes, switches and sockets, the wall shutter with the help of a perforator with a nozzle( depth and diameter of the shroud are selected in accordance with the dimensions of the products).

See how to do the stitches for wiring in the house, you can on the video below:

Step 2 - Fastening the junction boxes

In the round shtroby boxes and junior boxes are installed. For their installation, it is recommended to use screws with dowels or an asbestos layer( about 2 mm).After securely fixing the boxes, we proceed further.

installation box You can visually see the installation process of the extension unit on the following video example:

pad Step 3 - Layout of the

line The wire groove is primed, after which you must lay the cable inward, cutting it into pieces. It is recommended to use plaster to fix the electrical wiring. It can immediately grab the track and level the walls. The stitching step is about 40 cm. We told the other ways of fixing the cable to the wall in the corresponding article, which we strongly recommend to read!

Step 4 - Connecting the outlets and switches

Once the plaster has completely hardened( after about a day), it must be carefully grated with a float. After that you can proceed to the installation of outlets and switches.

That's the whole instruction for installing electrical wiring in a private house from scratch. We also recommend you to view a visual video lesson in which this event is described more extensively on the example of a brick building:

Obtaining permission to connect to the local power network

When all electrical appliances, machines and RCDs are installed, it is necessary to reconcile the ready wiring with "Gosenergonadzor ", which should give a positive response to the owner of the power grid.

First you need to pass acceptance tests( technical inspection of the facility where the wiring was performed).If the result is positive, you will be issued with the "Access Acceptance Certificate", on the basis of which the owner of the electricity network must connect your private house.

Also read:

• How to make grounding in a private house?
• How to make light in a house?
• Cheapest electric heating