The location and configuration of the ladder for the dacha is being thought over from the initial phase of construction by one's own hands.
Preliminary design guarantees correct calculations, correct location of the landing area and maximum protection against weather conditions.
The exterior of a street staircase is practically the same as the one that connects the floors inside the house. But its construction is different, because it has to withstand all the vicissitudes of the weather.
Therefore, there is a special requirement for an external staircase leading to the second floor - strength and durability.
The concrete products are considered to be solid and strong. However, very popular in the construction of the house remains the construction of structures of metal and wood.
- Contents:
- Stairs leading to the house from the street
- Steps of the external staircase
- Functions of the street stairs
- Types of stairs based on the used material
- How to make the reinforced concrete staircase
- Construction of the wooden staircase
Stairs leading to the house from the street
Go to the second floor of the houseyou can and through the house, and outside. This is especially convenient when the house is full of guests, but I want to be alone and go unnoticed.
And there will also be an opportunity to shorten the distance to the rooms located on the second floor.
Plus, an additional outdoor ladder can become a quick way out to the street in case of fire or other emergency.
Staircases from the outside to the second floor are often made of metal.
They withstand any whim of the weather and do not experience any loads.
They also do not need preparation of the foundation and do not exert pressure on him. It is important to make it safe for the descent.
A spiral staircase made of metal, whose steps are not smooth, but with relief or perforations, is a good choice.
To avoid the risk of slipping, metal structures are constructed using rubber or polyurethane.
It is more logical to build an external staircase to the second floor on the side of the house. So the staircase will not be in sight of passers-by. Doors to the second floor is better to be closed with a key.
Steps of the external staircase
The staircase is the front part of the structure, so it should attract attention with its beauty.
The material and the lining are important. Steps can be built from wood, metal or brick. Indispensable in this case is called concrete.
Concrete steps, directing to the street from the second floor of the house, look monumental and do not cause doubts in reliability.
Their surface is tiled, decorated with natural stones or wood.
Elegant appearance will give spacious steps with forged fences.
However, concrete stages are distinguished by a laborious manufacturing process.
After pouring concrete into the prepared molds, it is necessary to wait for the mixture to harden and for some time not to use the already made ladder, which rises to the second floor.
Decorating with a decorative element also takes a lot of time. But all of the above difficulties overlap one advantage - concrete is a durable material.
Just hold your eyes on these photos, where beautiful architecture is presented. The trick of these structures is a magnificent addition to the house by an external staircase.
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Functions of street staircases
Direct communication between the house and the street is very useful in the farm.
There are several types of stairs depending on their purpose:
- Porch or entry stairs is the most common option. When the area is inclined, you can build a flight of stairs;
- Merging of the upper staircase of the house with a veranda;
- A scaffold near a house with a high base;
- Ascent from the street to the second floor for additional exit from the inside of the house;
- Stairs in the house in two floors, not communicating with each other;
- Staircase structure of the second floor for fire evacuation;
- A ladder from the street to the attic, the passage through which takes less time than passing through the house.
Types of street staircases according to the form:
- Normal vertical position for instant passage to the top;
- Helical spiral staircase, which can save space and decorate the interior;
- Straight or curved marching structures that rise at an angle to the wall, perpendicular or synchronous;
- Garden steps on the slope( where the uneven hummocky ground) - tamped in the slope, resting on the pressed ground and protruding, which keep on the supporting walls.
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Of the types listed, the spiral staircase is increasingly in demand. The shape of its steps varies from rectangular to trapezoid.
However, the screw construction will require a lot of effort during installation, only when following all the rules of construction it will turn out to be convenient and impeccable.
Much easier and faster than a wooden spiral staircase, screw metal is installed.
Types of stairs based on the material used
A simple reinforced concrete staircase structure, as is clearly seen in the photo, stable and solid, is characterized by immunity to negative weather effects.
A sturdy reinforcement frame greatly increases the reliability of the ladder.
Stairs made of reinforced concrete can be built with their own hands, pouring the prepared mortar into the formwork with fixed reinforcement.
On compacted ground it is allowed to pour ferro-concrete without reinforcement.
Construction of such a ladder also involves the use of ready-made blocks.
A log from a ceramic brick is the best option. It is installed on a concrete foundation or sand and gravel base.
For cladding steps with their own hands take an ordinary or clinker brick, because this material is designed to cover the tracks.
It happens that when laying brick blocks there are difficulties, namely - it is not easy to closely place brick blocks, without going beyond the required dimensions.
Therefore it is recommended to arm with a brick of non-standard size, which is what distinguishes the clinker.
Metal models are put on the street as often as concrete ones. Metal absolutely does not restrict you in any kind of design ideas.
Construction of staircases from metal is actively conducted for both premium-class houses and for modest summer cottages.
For the most part, the metal becomes a raw material for the construction of economic, evacuation and additional ladders.
They are welded and installed by means of reinforcement and corners, pipes and profiles. Working with welding, check the quality of the seams.
To avoid rust, metal steps are advised to be painted. Railings of such stairs are made of wood or plastic.
Forged metal models are very resistant, so they will last a long time. They stand out for their exceptional and attractive form, although they are expensive and look somewhat massive.
An example of such a ladder in the photo.
Wooden street stairs are also popular with most owners of summer cottages. Mainly they are attached to log houses. For the preservation of the original appearance and protection from decomposition, the wooden steps, when the construction is completed, is covered with an antiseptic and paint. During the construction of the stairs, the wood is treated with a flame retardant.
How to make a reinforced concrete staircase
As reinforced concrete structures are more in demand, we will consider how to make a staircase in a country house made of reinforced concrete.
This process of construction with their own hands can be described in six stages:
- First create the formwork by preparing blocks and boards, nails and plywood. The last material should be moisture resistant, with a thickness of 2 to 2.5 cm. The boards and plywood panels are nailed to the bars. When formwork is used, it is necessary to control whether voids or crevices appear. It can be performed in two ways. The first - at a time a solid frame is poured with concrete. Second - separately, each step is filled;
- Down formwork poured drainage, that is brick crumb and gravel in proportions one to one. Then the formwork is slightly moistened with water;
- Creation of a reinforced support. The steel frame is laid in the formwork before pouring concrete. Rods with a diameter of 1 cm are stretched along the length of the ladder march and fastened together by welding or wire. To reinforce the ladder, a reinforced mesh with cells measuring 15 by 15 cm is suitable. It is recommended to protect the edges of the steps from damage by shear reinforcement;
- Concrete mortar is prepared in a concrete mixer, mixing from cement, sand and gravel in a ratio of 1: 3: 3.The resulting consistency should be thick. Then proceed to the most pouring of concrete;
- After concreting one stage, wait 5-10 minutes for the pressure of the last stage to hold better. The steps are smoothed with a tool designed for this purpose;
- The formwork is removed after 2 days. And only then it is necessary to start finishing works. The reinforced concrete staircase will look beautiful if it is lined with natural stone, ceramic tiles or wood.
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Construction of wooden stairs
Sometimes the second floor is built up after years, and the construction of a street staircase will take a decent time.
In this situation it is better to make the easiest upgrade to the second floor. On the strings, a few steps, the wooden staircase will be an excellent way out.
When construction begins, two long boards for the bowstring and boards for the steps will be needed. Prostupy connect with the strings with the help of bars, fixed on the inside.
With great reliability this ladder will not please, it should not be subjected to heavy loads.
However, wooden stairs are a favorite decision of the majority of summer residents.
When you begin to construct a ladder with your own hands, you must determine its height.
This indicator is divided by the step height( 16-22 cm) to get the total number of steps.
And to determine the length of the ladder, you need to average the depth of the tread depth( 25 cm) by the number of steps.
To produce street wooden steps, you need a board thickness of 30-60 millimeters. For the riser, a board of 2.5 cm is selected.
A bar is required to create the struts, its thickness is 6 cm. After the preparation of all elements, the ladder is assembled.
To simplify and better navigate the construction of the stairs with your own hands, review the following diagrams in the photo.
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They give a complete idea of how to start and finish the construction of a street staircase with your own hands without unnecessary nerves and hassle.
