Monolithic tape foundation - what is it?
As a rule, the device of a tape monolithic foundation is planned for buildings with heavy materials in the structure of walls: stone, bricks, concrete, adobe, etc. The advantage of this type of foundation is high reliability and durability. Unfortunately, the construction of a solid monolith consumes a large number of tools and materials. Therefore, the advisability of such a design only at shallow depths of the bookmark is recognized. And especially this applies to projects of structures with basements.
Necessary calculation of the tape monolithic foundation is carried out not only on the basis of the ground density of the site. When calculating the width of the sole of the tape, the amount of load on it is taken into account, depending on the number of floors, the thickness of the walls, etc.
In some cases, such a monolith can take the form of a solid slab or box around the perimeter of the entire building. It is practiced to use a combined seal by packing with soil or sand piles or reinforced concrete columnar structures. Most often, given the same load on the entire length of the tape, the calculation is carried out on a one meter interval.
Designing of a tape monolithic foundation - basic calculations of
Starting to build a tape monolithic foundation with your own hands, you need to determine the amount of its penetration. This parameter is for a specific site. The beginning will be a pier to a depth of two and a half meters. Such a well will allow you to learn the soil structure and quality, the level of water in it, the depth of freezing. A common orientation may be the ruffling of soils. Non-gumming allows the installation of the foundation to any depth, but not less than half a meter( regardless of freezing).
For the heaving soil, the definition of depth is more complicated and can have several additional adjustments. Thus, with the water level in the soil deeper than two meters, the above norm is maintained. But already at a laying less than on two meters the monolithic base the ribbon concrete it is necessary to cool down on three quarters of height of settlement freezing, from 70 centimeters. If the groundwater rises above this depth, then you need to bury the main support tape at least to this entire level.
Having defined the required depth, we continue to design the tape monolithic foundation with the choice of material. You can do it by using butane masonry or rubble concrete. In the first case, a stone with an uneven shape( a torn butyl) comes into play.
The width of such a tape should be made at least half a meter, taking into account the fact that it must be five to ten centimeters thicker than the wall thickness, this difference is greater the deeper the foundation is laid. So, for meter depth, the tape should be wider than the wall by twenty-five centimeters.
An unrebined monolithic monolithic basement foundation, whose dimensions must be at least thirty-five centimeters( wall thickness), has a number of advantages, for example, less labor and the ability to use on all types of soil soils, and the disadvantage is a large consumption of cement. Such a foundation is carried out by pouring the prepared composition into forms of formwork installed in special trenches.
Step-by-step installation of the
tape solid foundation Before the laying, trenches are planned in accordance with the plan. In the course of these works, the important point is the preservation of the strength of their walls. Cohesive soils allow you to make vertical walls, they are usually used as a formwork. Sometimes the maximum depth of the trench exceeds from one meter to one and a half, depending on the type of soil.
Trenches under the ribbon monolithic shallow foundation are necessarily protected from water ingress, for which the adjacent areas are specially arranged, including the release of soil on the upland side. The choice of earth mass begins with the lower points of the plan. If necessary, a drainage system is arranged. Undesirable excessive burial, such places should be covered with gravel-sand material with compaction.
Trenches in which a recessed monolithic strip foundation is arranged should have reinforcements of : racks, shields with spacers, etc. They can also be installed immediately in formwork, especially on clay soils. The laying at great depth can be carried out with the rearrangement of the formwork boards taking into account the rules for the formation of working and cold joints of concreting.
When making the basement of the structure, the stones must first be selected and laid down in size for the mortar. Butobetonnye are built by layer-by-layer immersion of stones in concrete without sorting and obligatory dressing of seams. If the concreting is interrupted for six or more hours, the top row of stones is poured with concrete only half. In the future, you need to resume the work with a solution of such a density, which allows free fertilization of the stones without the need for their tamping.
As with the steel reinforcement of concrete, the formwork is removed only after a week, and the laid concrete should be covered with matting, sacking, straw, and periodically watered. In the course of the work, all the necessary measures for waterproofing with roll materials on bituminous components, just bitumen or its solutions, etc. are also carried out.
