Why fill the drain with rubble?
A competently designed tapping system will prevent moisture from entering the building, eroding and pressure on the support base and the whole structure. The principle of the operation of underground collection and drainage of water is based on its entering the receiving pipes( drains) through joints, holes or cracks in the walls.
This flow occurs due to the difference in water head, provided by the depth of the bookmark of the elements of the system below the water level. Calculation of such depth, quantity and types of materials for the entire structure is based on the indicators of the most "wet" periods of the year - autumn and spring.
The horizontal system with a regular arrangement of tubular cavity drains with aggregates( crushed stone or gravel for drainage) is most often used. In it, for the reception of groundwater in the walls of the pipes, holes are made, where the water flows due to the already mentioned head drop.
Rubble and gravel for drainage - the main differences
Why is the filler used in tubular elements? Its purpose is to prevent their silting, and in this case it performs the function of filtration. According to the rules, the drains fit into the trenches prepared in advance according to the project, at the bottom of which a sand pillow is arranged not thinner than fifteen centimeters, and on top of it - the same layer of gravel or gravel.
All the components are installed on top: geotextiles( in case of application), pipes, couplings and corners( other fittings), wells( drainage and collector with check valve), then backfill with crushed stone and earth. For the proper functioning of the entire complex of removing excess moisture, it matters which rubble for drainage is applied.
As is known, gravel consists of pellets of rock or minerals of different sizes. It is generally accepted that fragments of gravel can reach twenty millimeters. In this case, a small( up to three millimeters), an average( up to ten) and a large fraction of the material are distinguished.
Unlike gravel , the rubble of has the form of acute-angled fragments of the same rocks or minerals. Its elements, which can reach one hundred millimeters, are obtained as a result of crushing natural or artificial stone and other materials.
For the purpose of draining moisture using a drain system, it is best to use a fractional material( gravel or crushed stone) with a fraction size equal to twenty to forty millimeters.
Rubble for drainage - conditions for use
Please note that only well washed material can be used. The same applies to coarse-grained sand for foundation cushions in trenches. Washing is mandatory to reduce the siltation of the entire system. After laying and installation of pipes with a filler, backfilling with a layer of gravel or gravel of the required fractionality, the drainage is closed with a fabric geotextile, over which the previously removed soil is filled.
In this case, it is important to ensure the laying of the laying for a natural drain of moisture towards the wells of the system. The layer of the top filling of the rubble also depends on the characteristics of the soils in which the removal of moisture is arranged. And the denser the soils, the thicker the backfill will be required.
The entire designed system must collect water in a special well, located at the bottom of the relief plan. In its design, the ability to receive the maximum amount of moisture, defined in the above-mentioned "wet" periods of the year, is laid. If necessary, several wells can be executed. By the way, experts advise using water from such wells for irrigation.
