To have a permanent source of water, it is enough to dig a well in the country. It is necessary to start this work in the autumn.
The water level drops, the soil is easier to dig out, this will make the well deeper, it will facilitate its improvement from the inside.
Contents:
- Preparing for
- work What the
- well consists of How to make a well for a well
- How to make a water intake
- How to make a surface part
Preparing for work
To properly excavate a well, it is not enough to study the technology. First, you need to choose the location of the future well.
It should be located where the water is most used. The well has no place near the compost piles, toilets, the distance between them should be 20-30 meters.
Also it should not be placed on the slopes of gullies, reservoirs, otherwise the pressure of groundwater will destroy it. Do not forget about the planning of the suburban area, will you or not build more structures.
To determine the deposits of water resources use tools geologists - the level of the barometer or aneroid.
Either folk methods used in the village before, without abandoning them to this day.
For example, in the morning or evening of a hot day, notice where the fog is most active. It shows the location of shallow water layers.
Plants on the site, such as mother-and-stepmother, sedge, birch require a large amount of water, so their normal development will also show that the water is close.
A well-defined site guarantees a constant source of drinking water.
On the video, a professional will tell not only about the intricacies of erecting a well, but also how to correctly determine the place for it.
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What the well consists of
The well consists of three elements. This aboveground part is a headpiece, a mine that is the middle part and a water intake - the lowest part of the building - the place where water is collected.
The design of the well can be round or rectangular, there is no consensus. If earlier in the village they preferred a rectangular structure, now they are increasingly inclined towards round.
Usually the depth is 10 meters, but sometimes more. Everything depends on the passage of groundwater.
To dig a well, you will need:
- shovels;
- strong rope or chain;
- buckets;
- lifting mechanism to make it easier to remove the ground;
- rope ladder.
Do not forget about your own safety: a helmet is always on your head and it is desirable to secure a safety rope.
We form a shaft for a well
The wellbore can be wooden, brick, made of stone, and also from concrete rings. The latter option is more common.
If you are going to dig a well at the dacha on your own, then it is better to make it round, having formed concrete rings.
After defining the place for the future well, we make the layout of the site. The diameter of the wellbore must necessarily be 10 centimeters greater than the diameter of the concrete ring.
Dig a pit, the depth of which is slightly less than the height of the ring by 10 centimeters.
Sets the concrete ring in the pit, check if there are any distortions. From above we establish the second. We fasten the rings together with 4 metal staples.
Joints should be sealed with tarred hemp and cover with a mixture of cement and sand.
After the two rings are installed, continue to center the dig a hole to a depth of centimeters by 80. Next, you need to dig it around in a circle so that the first concrete ring sinks down under the weight of its own weight.
Pay attention to the ground. If the soil is solid, then first remove the ground from under the ring, and only then from the middle, otherwise the ring will not settle. Do not forget to check each time whether there are any distortions.
In the space between the outer sides of the concrete core and the edges of the pit, a mixture of sand and gravel should be covered.
The last layer, at ground level, is formed from clay. This will prevent the ingress of thawed, rainwater into the well. It is desirable that the upper ring protrudes above the ground by about half.
Stringing of rings with their subsequent immersion is done until the moment when the water threshold is reached, that is, until the water begins to flow to the bottom of the well. If there is no water at the bottom, then the depth of the well is not sufficient.
The water that comes in with the sand is removed. After 12 hours, after the well is filled with water again, the bottom is again cleaned. This process is repeated until the water is cloudy( in the sand).When there is no sand in the water, the bottom is cleaned correctly. After that, the mine is left for 24 hours, before closing the lid.
A day later pumped out the collected water and make a water intake.
Digging a well with your own hands is difficult and time consuming, but the result will please you more than one year.
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How to make the water intake
The water intake or the lower part of the mine is designed to collect water and its further use. To water was not turbid, but transparent and drinkable, a bottom filter is installed in the water intake.
The filter is made from three layers of gravel: the lowest lower gravel, 10 centimeters thick, the middle - the fraction is larger by a factor of 5 to 7, the thickness of the layer is 15 centimeters, and the last upper layer consists of coarse gravel, its thickness is also 15 centimeters.
If the soil at the bottom of the well is viscous, install a wooden flooring with cutouts for water, on top of it a filter.
The formation of the ground part
The upper part of the well, in other words, the head - is a space for imagination. Independently it can be made not only convenient and safe, but also beautiful.
The concrete version is more common. One more concrete ring is superimposed on top. The construction of the sediments and debris is closed by a lid.
But if you spent so much energy to dig a well yourself, say "no" to concrete, and make your own wooden fence.
Wooden house is a more aesthetic and hygienic option. In addition to the mechanism for lifting water, a wooden one, like a concrete structure, must be covered with a lid.
The mechanism for raising water is not only manual, recently it is often combined with an electric pump, which is placed inside the well. Water, lifted by an electric pump, with the help of pipes can be introduced directly into the house or bath.
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