Ladder with own hands

In private farms for many needs, ladders are used, including not only stationary, but also mobile( portable) versions. The ladder allows access to various high-rise buildings in the process of construction and repair, it is convenient to climb to the attic or the roof, to remove fruits from tall fruit trees. To date, a similar design is available in many yards. If you have not got a portable staircase yet, you can make it yourself.

Purposeladders

In a private economy, a convenient and reliable ladder is practically indispensable, sincek allows you to get to places to which you can not reach from the height of human growth.

Similar constructions allow:

• to produce construction and repair, as well as finishing works on the facade of the building;
• perform cleaning of windows, check and replace electrical wiring, installation of meters and luminaires, cleaning of drainpipes outside the building;
• harvest from high branches of fruit trees;
• inspect and repair the roof covering, inspect chimneys, as well as dormer windows.

Thus, without a good portable ladder, in many cases, simply not to do.

Types of ladder

For maintenance work, as well as housekeeping, it is convenient to use the ladder. Such a design of wooden bars, metal pipes or corners lean against a wall or a tree at an angle of about 75 °.

The following types of ladders are available for sale:

• simple non-separable - they are rectilinear products of fixed length, consisting of supporting bowstring with the steps fixed on them, which are fixed in the grooves or on the ribs of the bowstring;
• folding - the data of the construction from several sections, connected by hinges, can be stored indoors. Before use, such a ladder unfolds, acquiring the desired shape;
• sliding - ergonomic designs in two parts, equipped with guides, providing easy sliding. The sections of these models are firmly fixed and can withstand considerable loads. Sliding ladder in the folded state takes up little space, it is convenient to transport and store. On sale are easy-to-use sliding lightweight structures in the form of attached aluminum stairs( such products are light in weight and equipped with profiled steps preventing gliding);
• ladders are universal models that can be used for any kind of work outside the building, as well as in a confined space. On the platform of the ladder ladder, you can install the tools and capacities necessary for the work.

Constructional requirements of

In order for the ladder to turn out to be sufficiently reliable and strong, a number of rules should be taken into account when planning its construction and in the manufacturing process. Based on the performed calculations and conducted tests, the relevant regulatory documents were developed. In accordance with them, it is necessary to take into account the following recommendations and requirements regarding the design of similar products:

• the recommended length of the ladder is up to 5 m;
• , to impart the necessary stability to the structure, special nozzles should be used which can be removable. In the case of installing a ladder on loose soil from below, fixings with steel pins are fixed on the support posts, which are required to be sloughed into the soil. To avoid slipping the side racks on a smooth hard surface, rubber shoes are worn on them from below. For reliable fixation of the upper part of the string, detachable hooks are used;
• it is most convenient to move the ladder in steps of 30-35 cm;
• steps should not be left outside the supporting beams - for secure fixing, they should be fastened in the grooves of the bowstring;
• support posts must be fastened from below and from above, as well as along the entire length - with a step of at least two meters, with special tightening bolts;
• is not allowed to use products with transverse cracks in the wood, longitudinal should not exceed a depth of up to 5 mm and a length of up to 15 cm, while avoiding the weakening of the fixation of the bars or racks. It is not allowed to seal cracks with putty;
• metal structural elements must be free of burrs, sharp edges and edges;
• sliding structures are equipped with a special lock, which excludes the spontaneous movement of the stairs. Stairs equipped with wheels are equipped with a locking mechanism to exclude their movement during work.

The ladder ladder should be inspected annually, even if it was not in use during this period. To do this, it should be installed at an angle of 65-75 ° and consistently set a load of 120 kg for each stage.

Used materials

For the manufacture of stairs, it is necessary to use a durable and wear-resistant material. Regardless of the size of the ladder, it is required that the structure does not have too much weight. On sale are similar products made of metal( aluminum or stainless steel), wood. In addition, it is possible to purchase structures from plastic reinforced for reinforcement with fiberglass - this light and at the same time durable material is characterized by chemical resistance and is a dielectric. The front-mounted fiberglass ladder can be used in production and at home, as it is an indispensable tool for the home master when connecting to a power source, repairing or laying a new line of electrical wiring at the site, in the house, in the attic.

At home, it's easiest to make a wooden ladder. For these purposes, coniferous wood( spruce or pine) is suitable. It is necessary to prepare strong, well-dried and smooth bars or logs without knots, distortions and transverse cracks. In addition, a tree with signs of rotting and affected by insects is discarded. The wood used will need to be treated with antiseptic impregnation - this measure will protect the structural parts from deformation and rotting, and to extend the life of the device to a considerable extent.

If you are interested in information on how to make a wooden ladder, you need to consider the following. Section bars should be selected depending on the length of the future ladder:

• from 4х5 cm - for side supports of stairs up to 3 m long;
• from 4х8 cm - for side racks of products with a length of more than 3 m.

For bars( steps), use bars with a cross-section of at least 2x4 cm, otherwise the design will be too brittle. As a rule, the section of 3x4 or 3.5x4 is quite enough. It should be noted that too thick bars weigh heavily on the structure. For convenient movement on the stairs, its width is only 50 cm.

Types of fastening steps to the side racks

The following fastening methods can be used for connecting the rungs to the support legs of the ladder:

• the simplest variant is the overhead installation of steps - in such cases the crossbeams are fixed over the string with the help of nails or screws. Stand on such a ladder is on the edge of the bar, which is not very convenient. Such a construction is not particularly strong, and will be suitable only as a temporary option;
• installation steps in the grooves on the support racks - for this on the strings cut the notches according to the shape of the ends of the crossbeams. Next, the crossbeams are inserted into the grooves and fixed using nails or self-tapping screws;
• connection "groove-spike" - in this case at the ends of the bars, the spikes are formed, which are inserted into the grooves cut in the support posts of the ladder. This connection provides the most reliable and reliable fixation of steps.

How to make a ladder with one's own hands

A considerable number of ladders are available for sale - for domestic needs, for use in construction and in the factory. Modern technologies allow using for their manufacture various materials, including metal hollow pipes or corners, as well as fiberglass. Typically, these products are very costly. For household needs, a more simple design is quite suitable, which is easy to make by yourself. On the Internet it is possible to familiarize with schemes of similar products and to pick up the most suitable variant. Next, you will draw a drawing of the ladder, and then calculate the required number of materials.

For the manufacture of the ladder ladder with their own hands, the following tools and devices may be needed:

• chisel, hammer, and screwdriver;
• tape measure;
• joinery pencil;
• plane;
• circular saw;
• grinder;
• electric drill.

In addition, you will need to prepare two wooden blocks of suitable length for the support posts, as well as wood for the production of crossbeams. For the construction of the staircase, it is preferable to use a well-dried pine bar - you should pick up straight bars without knots, skewers, cracks and chips. This wood will need to be treated with an antiseptic.

Step-by-step instruction how to make a ladder with your own hands:

1. If you have the skills to work with joiner's tools, it is not difficult to make parts for assembling the ladder-ladder:

• will first need to form two strings with the same length from wooden bars,at an angle to prevent slipping;
• further for the production of crossbeams it is necessary to cut the bars into parts with a length of 60 cm. The number of steps is calculated based on the desired step height( usually about 290-350 mm);
• the corners of the parts should be rounded with a planer or milling cutter and ground to a smooth surface.

1. On a flat surface, place the support stanchions, placing them so that the distance between the upper ends of the beams is 40 cm, between the lower ends - 60 cm. The future strings should be fixed in this position, temporarily nailing the two sides of the board.
2. In accordance with the chosen step of the ladder, mark the beams with the marking of the locations of the rails.
3. The steps must be adjusted to the length, depending on the distances between the strings, and then numbered according to the location on the support beams.
4. At the ends of the rungs, it is required to form spikes, in the planned places of fixing the steps on the strings - the grooves of the corresponding shape with a minimum clearance that allows mounting with a tight fit of the parts. Grooves need to be cut with a chisel.
5. The spike, as well as the groove, is treated with joinery glue. Then the spine is wrapped with gauze or a bandage in 1-2 layers, again coated with glue, and then inserted into the groove. In this way, starting from the top, it will be necessary to perform a sequential assembly of the ladder.
6. Under the upper step of the ladder, as well as under the bottom, it is necessary to drill through the holes in the strings to install the clamping bolts.
7. Bolts are inserted into the holes, fixed with nuts with wide washers placed under them.
8. Next, the stairs should be varnished or painted.
9. If necessary, from the bottom on the support ends are put on anti-slip pads - pins or "shoes", from above you can fix special hooks for more reliable fixing of the ladder.

How to make folding ladder

The folding ladder is very convenient to use, it is used as a ladder. In the folded form of this design is compact in size, it can be placed for storage in the basement or in the attic. For its construction, the same materials as used in the manufacture of a simple ladder are required. In addition, you will also need to prepare a kapron cord, connecting transforming mechanisms in the form of hinges, as well as steel bolts with nuts.

For the manufacture of a folding ladder, the same sequence of operations as in the previous case is used first - strings and steps are prepared and fixed with each other. It is necessary to make two identical sections( each of them can be the same width along the entire length or expanding downwards).After this, you will need to install the tightening bolts, and then cover the surface of the sections with varnish or waterproof paint. After this, the sections must be joined together by hinges, fixing the joints with bolts and nuts. In order to limit the mobility of a ladder in the form of a ladder, several layers of a kapron cord or another stopper of the required length( from a metal wire of 8 mm thick or a wooden bar) should be attached to the strings.

After completing the installation, it is necessary to test the reliability of the structure - for this, the stairs must be tested in different positions.

How to make a ladder - video