Existing types of drainage
Drainage is a very important part of the engineering communications of a private house. Thanks to this system, rain and melt water is not built up on the site and prevents its waterlogging.
There are three types of drainage patterns, and they are divided among themselves:
- Surface( open);
- Closed( deep);
- Zasypnoy.
Surface drainage and its features
Surface drainage consists of an open channel network. Due to its design, it is designed to collect drains from the yard, tracks, and running water from the roofs of buildings. Thus, water does not destroy the foundation of the house, and mold does not form on its walls.
Surface, in turn, is divided into:
- Spot - collects water locally at drain points, covered with metal trellised lids, which do not let trash and leaves into the system. Point water headers are connected to pipes connected to a single drainage system, through which the drains are transported to wells or into a trench outside the estate. The device for point surface drainage is extremely simple, it is only necessary to provide the necessary slope and to determine the location of the discharge of effluents.
- Linear drainage drains through deep channels located in the ground. Includes elements such as catchments, gutters and sand catchers that hold back small debris, leaves and sand that rushes together in the water stream.
The most effective is the use of these two types at the same time.
Deep drainage: elements and structure
The very name of deep( closed) drainage indicates that the system is located at a depth below the ground.
Serves such a system of channels for lowering the level of groundwater and draining gutters from all over the site.
Design this type of drainage, based on their geographical location of the land, for example in lowlands or in places with wetland.
In its construction, the closed drainage is divided into:
- Horizontal - the most common type of drainage, which includes channels, drainage pipes and trays.
- Vertical - is buried in the area of drainage collectors, equipped with pumps. And the design process, and the installation process is quite complex, requiring the participation of experienced professionals. Therefore, in dachas or a country houses used very rarely.
- Combined - is a system consisting of elements of vertical and horizontal drainage.
Backfill drainage system
The principle of the backfilling drainage is similar to the deep one, but instead of drainage pipes, rubble or broken brick is used. To build such a structure, it is necessary to excavate a channel, the bottom of which is covered with gravel of a large fraction or brick. Over it is covered with fine gravel, and the last layer - the soil.
Technological process of arrangement of drainage
In order to build a drainage structure on its own, the following order of work must be adhered to:
- Dig a ditch of a certain width and depth, with a mandatory slope towards the drain of water;
- The bottom of the channel is covered: 1 layer - rubble;2 layer - sand;
- Special perforated drainage pipes with holes are laid on top of the sand;
- All pipes are combined into one system, the end of which is lowered into the water well
- The last step is to fill all the rubble and lay a layer of soil.
Having worked out all the details of the work, and using quality pipes and components, it is possible to build a reliable and functional drainage system.
