СНиП 21-02-99 * - Parking of vehicles
System of normative documents in construction
CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS AND RULES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
CAR PARKING
SNiP 21-02-99
STATE COMMITTEE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
FOR CONSTRUCTION AND HOUSING AND UTILITY COMPLEX
( GOSSTROYRUSSIA)
Moscow
2000
FOREWORD
1 DEVELOPED by the State Enterprise "Center for Methodology, Standardization and Standardization in Construction" of the Gosstroy of Russia with the participation of CNIISK them. Kucherenko( SSC "Construction"), VNIIPO of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia and Giproavtotransa
2 INTRODUCED by the Gosstroy Engineering Department of Russia
3 ACCEPTED AND ENABLED AS OF July 1, 2000 by Gosstroy Decree of Russia of November 19, 1999 No. 64
CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS AND RULES OF THE RUSSIANFEDERATIONS
CAR PARKING
PARKINGS
Date of implementation 2000-07-01
1 SCOPE OF USE
These regulations apply to buildings, structures and parking spaces of vehicles regardless of the form of ownership and set-upThe main provisions and requirements for space-planning and constructive solutions, as well as engineering equipment for such buildings and their location on the territory of settlements, are taken.
Norms do not apply to buildings, structures and parking spaces for vehicles intended for the carriage of explosive, poisonous, infectious and radioactive substances.
These regulations apply the main provisions and general principles established by SNiP 21-01.
2 NORMATIVE REFERENCES
These building codes refer to the following documents:
SNiP 2.04.01-85 * Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings
SNiP 2.04.02-84 * Water supply. External networks and structures
SNiP 2.04.05-91 * Heating, ventilation and air conditioning
SNiP 2.07.01-89 * Urban planning. Planning and development of urban and rural settlements
SNiP 21-01-97 * Fire safety of buildings and structures
SNiP 23-05-95 Natural and artificial lighting
SNiP II-89-80 * General plans of industrial enterprises
GOST 12.1.005-88SSBT.General sanitary and hygienic requirements for the air of the working area
Airbags 104-95 Designing of fire warning systems in buildings and structures
Airbags 105-95 Definition of categories of premises and buildings for fire and fire danger
NPB 110-99 List of buildings, structures, premisesand equipment to be protected by automatic fire extinguishing systems and automatic fire alarms.
NPB 250-97 Elevators for transportation of fire departments in buildings and structures. General technical requirements
NPB 88-2001 "Fire extinguishing and alarm systems. Standards and design rules
PPB 01-93 * Fire safety rules in the Russian Federation
ONTP 01-91 Rosavtotrans. General norms of technological design of automobile transport enterprises
GN 2.2.4 / 2.1.8.562-96 of the Ministry of Health of Russia. Permissible noise levels at workplaces, in residential, public buildings and in the residential area of
RD-3112199-98 of the Ministry of Transport of Russia. Fire safety requirements for enterprises operating vehicles on compressed( compressed) natural gas.
VSN 01-89 Ministry of Automotive Transport of the RSFSR "Car service companies".
( Changed edition, amendment No. 1).
3 DEFINITIONS
3.1 Parking for vehicles( hereinafter referred to as parking lot) is a building, structure( part of a building, structure) or a special open area intended only for the storage of( parking) cars.
3.2 Aboveground parking lot of closed type - parking with external wall fences.
3.3. Parking of an open type - parking without external wall fences. An open type parking lot is also considered to be a structure that is open, at least from two opposite sides of the greatest extent. A side is considered open if the total area of the openings distributed along the side is at least 50% of the outer surface of this side in each tier( floor).
3.4 Parking lots with ramps - car parks that use a series of constantly rising( falling) floors or a series of connecting ramps between the floors that allow the vehicle to move on its rod from and to the ground level.
3.5 Mechanized parking - parking lot, where transportation of cars to storage places( cells) is carried out by special mechanized devices( without the participation of drivers).
5 SURVEILLANCE AND DESIGN SOLUTIONS
General requirements of
5.1 Aboveground parking lots can be provided with a height of no more than 9 floors, underground - no more than 5 underground floors.
5.2 Car parking can be carried out:
with the participation of drivers - on ramps( ramps) or using freight elevators;
without the participation of drivers - mechanized devices.
5.3. In the parking lot buildings, it is allowed to provide: service rooms for servicing and duty personnel( control
and cash points, dispatching, security), technical purposes( for engineering equipment), sanitary units, storehouse for luggage of customers, facilities for disabled people, as well as publictelephones and the device of elevators for people. Their need, composition and area are determined by the project, depending on the size of the parking lot and the features of its operation.
The dimensions of the cabin of one of the passenger lifts should provide transportation for disabled people using wheelchairs.
5.4. The categories of premises and buildings for the storage of vehicles by explosion and fire hazard should be determined in accordance with the requirements of the airbags 105.
The premises for the storage of cars may be classified in categories B1 to B4, car parking lot buildings to category B( with the exception of cars withengines working on compressed or liquefied gas).
5.5 Parking lots, attached to buildings of other purposes, should be separated from these buildings by fire walls of the 1st type.
Parking lots built into buildings for other purposes must have a degree of fire resistance of at least the degree of fire resistance of the building in which they are built in and be separated from the premises( floors) of these buildings by fire walls and floors of the 1st type.
In buildings of class F 1.3, the built-in parking lot may be separated by a fire-prevention overlap of the 2nd type, while the residential floors should be separated from the car park by an uninhabited floor( technical).
In buildings of class F 1.4, the allocation of fire barriers to the built-in( attached) parking lot, which accommodates one passenger car of the owner of the house, is not regulated.
In the parking spaces built into the building of another purpose or attached to it, in order to prevent the spread of fire, the distance from the car park openings to the bottom of the nearest window openings of a building of other purpose must be at least 4 m or fireproof filling of window openings( except buildings F 1.4).
( Changed edition, amendment No. 1).
5.6 If necessary, a separate building, a room or a group of premises should be provided for these purposes in the car park( according to the design task) of the premises for servicing vehicles( maintenance and repair posts, diagnostics and adjustment works, washing, etc.).Such premises may be provided in car parks( with the exception of parking lots of an open type and built into residential buildings) and should be separated from the parking lot by fire walls of type 2 and floors of the third type. Entrances and entrances to these premises should be isolated from entrances and entrances to the parking lot.
The composition and area of the premises provided for the performance of certain types or groups of works on maintenance and current repair of vehicles are determined by the technological requirements of carrying out the relevant types of work, taking into account the requirements of the ONTP 01.
5.7 In the premises of buildings in which car parks are built,noise in accordance with the hygienic standards of the Ministry of Health of Russia( GN 2.2.4 / 2.1.8.562).
5.8 In parking lots built into other buildings, it is not allowed, as a rule, to include common common staircases and common elevator shafts. To ensure the functional connection of the car park and other buildings, exits from the elevator shafts and staircases of the parking lot should normally be provided to the entrance hall of the main entrance of the said building with a device on the parking floors of the 1st-type lock-sluices with air support in the event of a fire. If it is necessary to communicate the parking lot with all the floors of a building of another purpose, the smoke protection of the elevator shafts and staircases of this building should be provided.
The message of the premises for storing cars on the floor with rooms of a different purpose( other than those indicated in 5.3) or an adjacent fire compartment is allowed through the airlock with air support in case of fire or with a deluge curtain device above the opening from the parking lot.
( Revised edition, amendment No. 1).
5.9 Placement of commercial premises, trays, stalls, stalls, etc.directly in the car storage area is not allowed.
In the car storage area, it is allowed to provide for not more than two car places for unloading( loading) of cars serving the enterprise to which the parking lot belongs. At the same time, the possibility of permanent storage of goods in this place of parking lot should be excluded.
In the storage of passenger cars belonging to citizens, the use of net fencing made of non-combustible materials is allowed to allocate permanently fixed places.
( Changed edition, amendment No. 1).
5.10 In multi-storey car parks for moving cars, ramps( ramps), inclined floor slabs or special elevators( mechanized devices) should be provided.
When using structures with a continuous spiral floor, each full turn must be considered as a tier( floor).
For multi-storey car parks with semi-floors, the total number of floors is defined as the number of floor spaces divided by two, the floor area is defined as the sum of two adjacent semi-floors.
5.11 The number of ramps and, accordingly, the number of necessary departures and arrivals in car parks are determined depending on the number of vehicles located on all floors, except the first( for underground parking lots - on all floors), taking into account the parking mode, estimated traffic intensity and planning decisions for itsorganization.
Typically, the type and number of ramps can be taken with the number of vehicles:
to 100 - one single-track ramp using the appropriate signaling;
up to 1000 - one double-track ramp or two single-track ramps;
over 1000 - two double-track ramps. Entry( exit) from underground car park floors through the storage area of cars on the ground or basement floors is not allowed.
( Revised edition, amendment No. 1).
5.12 In parking lots of a closed type, the ramps common to all floors must be separated( isolated) on each floor from the car storage facilities by fire barriers, gates and / or tambour sluices with air support in case of fire in accordance with Table 1.
Table 1
| Typeparking lots | Fire resistance limit of ramp enclosures( fire barriers), min, not less than | Requirements for the necessity of the device of the tamper-gateway | |
| of the walls | gate | ||
| Underground | ЕI 45 | EI 30 | Tambp-gateway depth that provides door opening, but not less than 1.5 m |
| Aboveground | EI 15 | EI 15 | not required |
doors and gates in fire barriers and tambour gateways must be equipped with automatic closure devices for fire them.
In one-storey underground car parks in front of the ramps, a tambour gateway is allowed not to provide.
In isolated ramps instead of fire doors it is allowed to provide automatic devices that cover the floor of the ramp by at least half of its height( smoke shields) with a deluge curtain above the opening on the storage room side.
( Revised edition, amendment No. 1).
5.13 In the above-ground car parks the device of non-insulated ramps is allowed:
in buildings of I and II degrees of fire resistance, class C0 and C1, the total area of their floors( semi-floors) connected by uninsulated ramps should not exceed 10,400 m2;
in an open parking lot.
The device of a common uninsulated ramp between the underground and above-ground parking floors is not allowed.
( Changed edition, amendment No. 1).
5.14 From each floor of the fire compartment of car parks( except for mechanized parking lots), at least two dispersed evacuation exits must be provided directly to the outside in staircases or to stairs of the third type. Allowed one of the evacuation outputs to provide for an isolated ramp. Passage along the sidewalks in the ramps to the semi-floor in the stairwell may be considered evacuation.
Evacuation exits from the premises specified in 5.3 can be envisaged through car storage facilities. The luggage room for customers' luggage is allowed to be placed only on the first( landing) floor of the car park.
The permitted distance from the most remote storage location to the nearest evacuation exit should be assumed according to table 2.
Table 2
| Type of car parks | Distance to the nearest evacuation exit, m, with the location of the | |
| storage location between the | evacuation outputs in the dead-end part of the room | |
| Underground | 40 | 20 |
| Above ground | 60 | 25 |
| Note - The evacuation path length is measured along the middle line of passages and driveways, taking into account the arrangement of the |
vehicles. In parking lot buildings, intoryh ramp evacuation by simultaneously serves, on the one hand ramps arranged pavement width of not less than 0.8 m.
stairs as escape routes must have a width of not less than 1 m.
( Revised edition. Chg. № 1).
5.15 To enter the ramp or adjacent fire compartment, a fire door( wicket) with a threshold height of not more than 15 cm should be provided in the vicinity of the gate or in the gate.
For the possibility of laying fire hoses at the bottom of the gate, it is necessary to provide a hatch with a self-closing 20 '20 cm.
5.16 When using the car park cover, the requirements for this covering are the same as for conventional car park floors. The top layer of such an exploitable coating should be provided from materials that do not spread the combustion( the flame propagation group for such materials must be at least RP 1).
5.17 In the car storage areas at the places of departure( entry) onto the ramp or into the adjacent fire compartment, as well as on the cover( when parking there), measures should be taken to prevent possible spreading of the fuel in case of fire.
5.18 Multi-storey( multi-storey) parking lots must have exits to the roof of buildings in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 21-01.
5.19 Enclosures for elevator shafts must comply with the requirements of SNiP 21-01.
5.20 In underground car parks having more than two floors, it is necessary to provide in each fire compartment at least one elevator with the mode of operation "transportation of fire departments" for the airbags 250.
5.21 The carpet flooring should be resistant to oil products and designed for dryincluding mechanized) cleaning of premises.
The covering of ramps and pedestrian paths on them must prevent slipping.
Floor covering should be provided from materials that provide a flame spreading group for such a coating at least RP 1.
5.22 In areas where vehicles are transported and stored, the height of the rooms and gates from the floor to the bottom of the protruding structures and hanging equipment must be no less than 0.2m the greatest height of the car and should be not less than 2,0 m.
5.23 The ways of movement of cars inside the parking lots should be equipped with driver-oriented indexes.
5.24 The parameters of the places for storing cars, ramps and driveways in the parking lot, the distance between cars in the storage areas, as well as between cars and building structures are determined by the project depending on the type( class) of vehicles, the way of storage, the dimensions of the cars, their maneuverabilityand arrangement taking into account the requirements of the ONTP 01.
5.25 The minimum dimensions of storage areas should be taken: the length of the parking lot is 5.0 m, the width is 2.3 m( for disabled people using wheelchairs 3.5 m).
5.26 Car storage facilities may be provided without natural light or with insufficient natural light for biological effects.
5.27 In multi-storey parking buildings, the slopes of the floors of each floor, as well as the placement of ladders and trays should be designed so that liquids do not enter the ramp and floors below.
5.28 Ramps in parking lots must meet the following requirements:
a) the longitudinal slope of closed straight ramps along the axis of the lane should be no more than 18%, the curved ramps - no more than 13%, the longitudinal slope of open( not protected from precipitation) ramps - notmore than 10%;
b) the transverse slope of the ramps should not be more than 6%;
c) on ramps with pedestrian traffic, a sidewalk of at least 0.8 m in width should be provided.
5.29 Sloping floor slabs should have a slope of not more than 6%.
5.30 When designing car parks in which gas-cylinder vehicles are to be stored, that is, with engines operating on liquefied petroleum gas( LPG) and compressed natural gas( CNG), additional requirements for these premises, buildings and facilities of ONTP 01and RD-3112199.
5.31 Storage spaces for gas-cylinder vehicles should normally be provided in separate buildings and structures of I, II, III and IV degrees of fire resistance class C0.
The premises for storage of passenger gas-cylinder vehicles can be located on the upper floors of stand-alone parking lots with cars running on gasoline or diesel fuel.
The location of the premises for storage of gas-cylinder cars on the floors of parking lots of an open type, as well as in mechanized parking lots( provided that ventilation of storage tiers is provided) is not standardized.
5.32 Premises for storage of gas-cylinder vehicles are not allowed to provide:
a) in the basement and underground floors of car parks;
b) in aboveground parking lots of a closed type, located in buildings for other purposes;C) in overground parking lots of closed type with uninsulated ramps;
d) when storing cars in boxes that do not have a direct exit out of each box.
Underground parking lots for cars
5.33 The required degree of fire resistance, the permitted number of floors and the area of the floor within the fire compartment should be taken in accordance with Table 3.
Table 3
| Fire resistance level of the building | Class of structural fire hazard of the building | Fire compartment height | Area of the floor within the fire compartment, m2 |
| I | C0 | 5 | 3000 |
| II | C0 | 3 | 3000 |
5.34 Service rooms for duty and maintenance personnel, pumping fire extinguishing and water supplybzheniya, transformer substations( only with dry transformers), storage room for luggage of clients, rooms for disabled people are not supposed to be placed below the first( top) floor of the underground facilities. The placement of other technical rooms on the floors is not regulated.
The indicated premises should be separated from the storage areas of cars by fire barriers of the 1st type.
5.35 In underground parking lots, as a rule, the separation of parking spaces by partitions into separate boxes is not allowed.
In separate underground car parks with no more than two floors, located on an undeveloped territory, the device of separate boxes meeting the requirements of 5.40 is allowed. At the same time, independent departures must be provided directly from outside each underground floor.
In car parks located in the basement or ground floor of buildings of Class F 1.3 I and P degrees of fire resistance, it is allowed to provide separate boxes meeting the requirements of 5.40 to allocate places for storing cars belonging to citizens.
( Changed edition, amendment No. 1).
5.36 In underground car parks with two underground floors and more, exits from underground floors to staircases and exits from elevator shafts should be provided through floor-to-ceiling tampers with air support in case of fire.
5.37 Departures and entrances of underground parking lots should be at a distance from buildings of class Ф 1.1, Ф 1.3 and Ф 4.1 in accordance with the requirements of SNIP 2.07.01.
5.38 In the floors of underground parking lots, devices should be provided for draining water in case of fire extinguishing. The diversion of water may be envisaged in the storm sewage network or on the relief without the installation of local treatment facilities.
( Changed edition, amendment No. 1).
Parking overground parking lots for cars
5.39 The required degree of fire resistance, the permitted number of storeys and the area of the parking floor within the fire compartment should be taken according to table 4.
Table 4
| Fire resistance level of the building( structure) | Class of structural fire hazard of the building( structure) | Number of floors in a fire compartment, m2 | ||
| of a single-storey building | of a multi-storey building | |||
| I, II | C0 | 9 | 10400 | 5200 |
| C1 | 2 | 5200 | 2000 | |
| III | C0 | 5 | 7800 | 3600 |
| C1 | 2 | 3600 | 1200 | |
| IV | C0 | 1 | 5200 | - |
| C1 | 1 | 3600 | - | |
| C2, C3 | 1 | 1200 | - | |
| V | Not standardized | 1 | 1200 | - |
5.40 In buildings of parking spaces I and II degrees of fire resistance for allocation of places of storage of the cars belonging to citizens, it is supposed to provide isolated boxes. Partitions between the boxes should have a fire resistance limit of 45, fire hazard class K0;the gates in these boxes should be provided in the form of a mesh fence or the gate of each box at an altitude of 1.4-1.6 m should have a hole size of at least 300'300 mm for the supply of extinguishing agents and control over the fire-fighting condition of the box.
When using bulk fire extinguishing systems( self-operated modules and systems: powder, aerosol, etc.) in the enclosures, it is necessary to provide for the gates to be deaf, without the device of the indicated holes. In this case, the ramps common to all the floors( ramps) may not be separated from the car storage areas by the fire barriers required by 5.12.
In the presence of leaving each box directly outward, it is allowed to provide partitions of non-combustible materials with an unregulated fire resistance limit in two-story buildings of I, II and III degrees of fire resistance and one-storey buildings of class C0.At the same time, in the above two-storey buildings, the floors must be fireproof type 3.The gates in these boxes must also have aperture size of at least 300'300 mm for the supply of extinguishing agents and control over the fire-fighting condition of the box.
( Changed edition, amendment No. 1).
Outdoor car parks of open type for passenger cars
5.41 The required degree of fire resistance, the permissible number of floors and the area of the parking floor within the fire compartment should be taken from Table 5.
Table 5
| Fire resistance level of the building | Class of constructive fire hazard of buildings( structures) | Number of the fire compartment | Area of the floor within the fire compartment, m2 | |
| of the single-storey building | of the multi-storey building | |||
| I, II | C0 | 9 | 10400 | 5200 |
| C1 | 2 | 3500 | 2000 | |
| III | C0 | 6 | 7800 | 3600 |
| C1 | 2 | 2000 | 1200 | |
| IV | C0 | 6 | 7300 | 2000 |
| C1 | 2 | 2600 | 800 |
5.42 In the parking lot buildings, the cabinet width must not exceed 40 m
( Changed edition No. 1).
5.43. The device of the boxes, the construction of walls( with the exception of the walls of staircases) and partitions that obstruct airing, is not allowed. If it is necessary to allocate places for storing cars belonging to citizens, it is allowed to use a net fence made of non-combustible materials.
5.44 The height of the floor parapets should not exceed 1 m.
For the filling of open openings in external enclosing structures, a grid of non-combustible materials is allowed. At the same time, through ventilation of the floor must be ensured.
To reduce the effects of atmospheric precipitation, visors of non-combustible materials can be provided over open openings. At the same time, through ventilation of the floor must be ensured.
5.45 In the buildings of the IV degree of fire resistance, the enclosing structures of evacuation ladder cells and their elements must meet the requirements for staircases of buildings of III degree fire resistance.
5.46 Smoke extraction and ventilation systems are not required.
5.47 In open parking spaces, a heated premise for storing primary fire-extinguishing means should be provided( on the ground floor).
Mechanized car parks for cars
5.48 The composition and area of the premises, storage cells( places), parking parameters are taken in accordance with the technical features of the used parking system.
The control of the mechanized device, control over its operation and fire safety of the parking lot should be carried out from the dispatch room located on the landing floor.
5.49 Buildings( structures) of mechanized parking lots may be provided for aboveground classes of constructive fire hazard C0.
Parking lots are allowed to be designed using an unprotected metal frame and enclosing structures made of non-combustible materials without the use of combustible heaters( such as stacked stacks).
Mechanized parking lots may be attached to buildings of other purposes only at the blind walls of these buildings with a fire resistance rating of at least RЕI 150.
5.50 The parking lot with a mechanized device may have a capacity of not more than 100 parking spaces and the height of the building( in accordance with SNiP 21-01) -not more than 28 m.
If necessary, the arrangement of car parks from several blocks should be separated by fire barriers of the 1st type.
( Changed edition, amendment No. 1).
5.51 Each of the blocks of a mechanized parking lot should be provided with access to fire trucks and access to fire departments to any floor( tier) from two opposite sides of the parking lot( through glazed or open openings).
5.52 In the mechanized parking lot block, an open staircase made of non-combustible materials is allowed for maintenance of mechanized device systems by floors( tiers).
5.53 In mechanized parking spaces of an open type, enclosing structures may be provided in accordance with 5.44.Ventilation and smoke removal systems are not required.
( Introduced additionally, Amend No. 1).
6 ENGINEERING SYSTEMS
General requirements of
6.1 Engineering systems of parking lots and their engineering equipment should be envisaged taking into account the requirements of SNiP 2.04.01, SNiP 2.04.02, SNiP 2.04.05, except in cases specifically stipulated by these standards.
In parking lots, the requirements for ventilation systems should be taken for the specified documents as for warehouse buildings that are classified according to fire hazard to category B( according to the airbags 105).
Heating and ventilation of the premises for servicing vehicles designed according to 5.6 should be provided taking into account the requirements of VSN 01.
( Amended version, Amend No. 1).
6.2 In multi-storey buildings of parking lots, engineering communications( water, sewerage, heat supply) passing through floors must be made of metal pipes.
Cable networks crossing ceilings should also be laid in metal pipes or in communication boxes( niches) with a fire resistance rating of at least EI 45.
In underground parking lots, use electrical cables with a sheath that does not spread the combustion.
6.3. Engineering systems of parking lots built into other buildings or attached to them should, as a rule, be autonomous from the engineering systems of these buildings.
In case of transit laying through the premises of the parking lots of engineering communications belonging to the building in which the parking lot is built, these communications( except for water supply, sewerage, heat supply, made of metal pipes) should be insulated by building structures with a fire resistance rating of at least EI 45.
Water supply
6.4 The number of jets and the minimum water flow per jet for internal fire extinguishing of heated parking lots of a closed type should be taken: with a volume of firefighterscompartment from 0.5 to 5 thousand m3 -. 2 jets of 2.5 l / s, more than 5 thousand m3 -. 2 jets 5 l / s.
It is allowed not to provide an internal fire-fighting water supply in one- and two-storey box-type car parks with direct outward departure from each box.
6.5 In the above-ground car parks of the internal fire-fighting water supply system it is allowed to carry out dry-tube pipes with 89( 77) mm diameter outlets, equipped with valves and connecting heads for connection of mobile fire fighting equipment. The number of jets and the minimum water flow are taken in accordance with 6.4.
In parking lots with separate boxes that meet the requirements of 5.40, including one-story underground, it is allowed not to provide an internal fire-fighting water pipe when using self-extinguishing fire suppression modules in each box and meeting the requirements of 6.29 and 6.30c).
( Revised edition, Amendment No. 1).
6.6 In underground parking lots with two floors and more internal fire water supply must be carried out separately from other internal water supply systems.
6.7 In underground car parks with two floors or more, an internal fire-fighting water pipe and automatic fire-extinguishing installations shall have outlets with connecting heads outfitted with valves and check valves for connection of mobile fire fighting equipment.
6.8 Calculated water consumption for outdoor fire extinguishing of overground parking lots of closed and open types should be taken according to table 6.
Estimated water discharge for outdoor fire fighting of other types of parking lots should be:
underground car parks with two floors and more - 20 l / sec;
parking lots of box-type with direct outward exit from each box with the number of boxes from 50 to 200 - 5 l / s, more than 200 - 10 l / s;
mechanized parking lots - 10 l / s;
open areas for storage of cars with the number of cars up to 200 inclusive - 5 l / s, more than 200 - 10 l / s.
Table 6
| Fire resistance level of the building | Class of constructional fire hazard of the building | Water consumption for external fire extinguishing of car park buildings for one fire, l / s, with volume of buildings( fire compartment), thousand m3 | |||
| to 5 | over 5 to 20 | over 20 to 50 | over 50 | ||
| I, II, III | C0, C1 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 30 |
| IV | C0, C1 | 10 | 15 | 20 | - |
| C2, C3 | 20 | 25 | - | - | |
| V | Not standardized | 20 | - | - | - |
6.9 On the mains between the fire pumps and the networkfire water pipes should install check valvess.
Heating, ventilation and smoke protection
6.10 In the heated parking lots, the design air temperature in the car storage should be taken at 5 ° C.
6.11 In unheated parking lots, it is sufficient to provide for heating only the auxiliary premises specified in 5.3.
For the storage of vehicles that must always be ready for departure( fire, medical assistance, emergency services, etc.), it is necessary to provide heated premises.
6.12 In closed parking spaces in car storage facilities, it is necessary to provide supply and exhaust ventilation for dilution and removal of harmful gas emissions by calculation of assimilation, ensuring the requirements of GOST 12.1.005.
In unheated overground parking spaces of closed type, forced ventilation ventilation with mechanical impulse should be provided only for areas that are more than 20 m away from the openings in the outer fences.
( Changed edition., No. 1).
6.13 In closed parking spaces, it is necessary to install devices for measuring CO concentration and corresponding CO alarms installed in a room with 24-hour staff on duty.
6.14 Normally open fire retardant valves shall be installed in the exhaust ducts at the intersection of fire protection barriers.
Transit ducts outside the serviced floor or room allocated with fire barriers should be provided with a fire resistance rating of at least EI 30.
6.15 In underground car parks, smoke exhaust ventilation systems should be provided to remove combustion products from the fire storey:
a) fromcar storage facilities;B) from isolated ramps.
( Changed edition, amendment No. 1).
6.16 Smoke removal should be provided through exhaust chambers, usually with artificial motivation of thrust.
It is allowed to provide natural smoke removal through windows and lanterns equipped with a mechanized drive to open the transom at the top of the windows at a level of 2.2 m and above( from the floor to the bottom of the transom) and to open the apertures in the lanterns. In this case, the total openable opening area, determined by the calculation, must be at least 0.2% of the room area, and the distance from the windows to the most remote point of the room should not exceed 18 m.
In car parks built into buildings for another purpose, smoke removal through opening openings is not allowed.
One-storey underground parking is allowed for the extraction of exhaust fumes with natural exhaust.
In parking lots with insulated ramps in exhaust chambers on each floor, smoke flaps should be provided.
The required costs of smoke removal, the number of mines and smoke flaps are determined by calculation.
In underground car parks, it is allowed to attach smoke zones to a single smoke mine with a total area of not more than 3000 m2 on each underground floor. The number of branches of ducts from one smoke mine is not standardized.
( Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
6.17 In stairways and shafts of elevators parking lots should provide for air support in case of fire or a device on all floors of air-lock type 1 with air support in case of fire:
a) for two underground floors and more;
b) if staircases and elevators connect the underground and aboveground parts of the car park;
c) if staircases and elevators link the parking lot to the above-ground floors of another building.
6.18 In case of fire, general ventilation must be deactivated.
The order( sequence) of the inclusion of smoke protection systems should anticipate the start of exhaust ventilation( before the supply ventilation).
6.19 Control of smoke protection systems should be carried out automatically - from a fire alarm( or automatic fire extinguishing system), remotely from the central control panel of fire protection systems, as well as from buttons or mechanical manual start devices installed at the entrance to the car park floor, on staircases atfloors( in the cabinets of fire hydrants).
( Changed edition, amendment No. 1).
6.20 Elements of smoke protection systems( fans, shafts, air ducts, valves, smoke detectors, etc.) should be provided in accordance with SNiP 2.04.05.
In smoke exhaust ventilation systems, fire-proof( including smoke) valves must have a smoke-tight resistance of at least 8000 kg-1 -m-1 per 1 m2 of the cross-sectional area.
6.21 The following initial data should be taken into account when determining the main parameters of the intake and exhaust smoke ventilation:
occurrence of a fire( car fire or fire in one of the auxiliary rooms according to 5.3) in the above-ground car park on the lower standard floor, and in the underground parking lot on the upper and lower standardfloors;
geometric characteristics of a standard storey( longline) - the area, the storage area used, the area of enclosing structures;
specific fire load;
position of the openings of emergency exits( open from the floor of the fire to the outdoor exits);
parameters of outside air.
Electrotechnical devices
6.22 Electrotechnical devices for car parks should be provided in accordance with the requirements of the Electrical Installation Rules( PUE).
6.23 To ensure the reliability of electricity supply to consumers, parking lots should be classified in the following categories:
to category I - electrical installations used in fire protection, including automatic fire extinguishing and automatic alarm systems, smoke protection, lifts for transportation of fire departments, fire alarm systems, as well as systems for automatic control of the air environment in the storage areas of gas-cylinder vehicles;
to II category - electric drives of elevators and other mechanized devices for moving cars;
electric actuators of gate opening mechanisms without manual drive and emergency lighting of parking lots of cars constantly ready for departure;
to the III category - the remaining electric consumers of technological equipment of parking lots.
The electrical cables supplying the fire fighting equipment must be connected directly to the input shields of the building( structure) and must not be used simultaneously for connection to other pantographs.
6.24. Lighting of car storage facilities should be provided in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 23-05.
6.25. To the emergency( evacuation) lighting network, the following light indicators shall be connected:
- evacuation exits on each floor;
- vehicle paths;
- places of installation of connecting heads for connection of fire fighting equipment;
- places for installation of internal fire hydrants and fire extinguishers;
- the location of external hydrants( on the facade of the structure).
6.26 Lamps indicating the direction of movement are installed at corners, in areas where slopes change, on ramps, entrances to floors, entrances and exits on floors and staircases.
Direction indicators are installed at a height of 2 m and 0.5 m from the floor within the line of sight from any point on the evacuation routes and driveways for cars.
6.27 In parking lots of closed type, at the entrances to each floor there must be installed sockets connected to the power supply network in the 1st category, for the possibility of using electrified fire-technical equipment.
Automatic fire extinguishing and automatic fire alarm
6.28 Automatic fire extinguishing and signaling systems used in parking lots must comply with the requirements of the airbags 88. The equipment of automatic devices must have appropriate fire safety certificates.
The type of automatic fire extinguishing system, extinguishing method and type of extinguishing media is determined by the project organization, depending on the technological, structural and space-planning features of the protected space. It is allowed to use self-operated modules and systems( powder, aerosol, etc.), certified in accordance with the established procedure.
( Changed edition, amendment No. 1).
6.29 Automatic fire extinguishing in car storage areas should be provided in closed type car parks:
a) underground regardless of number of storeys;B) aboveground with two floors and more;C) single-storey aboveground I, II and III degrees of fire resistance with an area of 7000 m2 and more, IV degree of fire resistance of class C0 with area of 3600 m2 and more, class C1 - 2000 m2 and more, classes C2, C3 - 1000 m2 and more;at storage of cars in these buildings in the separate boxes( allocated according to 5.40) - at number of boxes more than 5;
d) built-in buildings of other purpose, except for those specified in 4.27 NPB 110;E) in the premises for storing vehicles intended for the carriage of fuels and lubricants;E) located under bridges;G) mechanized car parks.
It is allowed not to provide for automatic firefighting in single-storey underground parking spaces with a capacity of up to 25 parking spaces located on an undeveloped territory.
In car parks with separate boxes meeting the requirements of 5.40, when using in each box of modular fire extinguishing systems( self-service modules), automatic fire extinguishing of passages between the boxes is not required, and these passages must be equipped with floor-by-step mobile fire extinguishers( such as OP-50, OP-100) from the calculation: with the area of travel on the floor to 500 m2 - 1 pc.on the floor, more than 500 m2 - 2 pcs.on the floor.
The necessity of an automatic fire extinguishing device in the premises for servicing vehicles designed according to 5.6 is determined in accordance with the requirements of VSN 01.
( Amended version, Amendment No. 1).
6.30 Automatic fire alarms shall be equipped with:
a) one-storey above-ground parking spaces of closed type with an area less than specified in 6.29;
c) or with the number of boxes up to 5 inclusive;B) the premises specified in 5.3, except for bathrooms and ventilation chambers.
c) Separate boxes that meet the requirements of 5.40, and the passages between them parking places when used in boxes of modular fire extinguishing systems( self-operated modules);
d) car service rooms, designed according to 5.6 - in accordance with the requirements of VSN 01 ".
Premises with 24-hour stay of the staff on duty are allowed not to be equipped with automatic fire alarm.
( Changed edition, amendment No. 1).
6.31 In one- and two-storey box-type car parks with direct outward departure from each box it is allowed not to provide automatic fire fighting and signaling.
6.32 Overground parking lots of closed type for two floors and more( with the exception of parking lots with direct outward departure from each box and mechanized parking lots) for a capacity of up to 100 parking spaces should be equipped with 1-type alarm systems, more than 100 parking spaces - 2 ndtype ASB 104.
Underground car parks with two floors or more should be equipped with warning systems:
with a capacity of up to 50 cars - type 2, more than 50 to 200 - type 3, more than 200 - fourth or fifth types.
4 PLACEMENT OF BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES
4.1. Placement of parking lots in the territory of urban and rural settlements, the size of their land and the distance to other buildings and structures should be envisaged taking into account the requirements of SNiP 2.07.01 and SNIP II-89.
4.2 Parking lots may be located( with the requirements of these standards) below and / or above the ground level, consist of underground and aboveground parts( underground and aboveground floors, including using the roof of these buildings), attach to other buildings or be built inof them, including under these buildings in underground, basement, basement or lower ground floors, and also be located on a specially equipped open area at ground level.
To the underground floors of car parks, it is necessary to refer floors to the marking of the floor of premises below the planning level of the ground to more than half the height of the premises.
Underground parking lots may also be placed on undeveloped territory( under driveways, streets, squares, squares, lawns, etc.).
4.3. Parking lots may be placed in annexes to buildings of other functional purposes, except for buildings of functional fire hazard classes( in accordance with SNiP 21-01), F 1.1, F 4.1, and also F 5 categories A and B( according to the airbags 105).
4.4 Parking lots are allowed to be built in buildings of other functional purposes of I and II degrees of fire resistance of class C0 and C1, except for buildings of classes F1.1, F4.1, F5 of categories A and B. In a building of class F 1.4 parking lots may be built regardless of their degreefire resistance. In buildings of class F 1.3 it is allowed to build car parks of cars, except for parking lots of an open type, only with permanently fixed places for individual owners.
Under the buildings of class F 1.1, F 4.1, parking spaces are not allowed.
( Changed edition, Amend No. 1).
4.5 Parking spaces of closed type for cars with engines operating on compressed natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas, built into buildings and attached to them, and also located below the ground level is not allowed.
4.6 Fire-prevention distances from open areas( including a canopy) for the storage of cars to buildings and facilities of enterprises( for servicing cars, industrial, agricultural, etc.) should be accepted: a) to industrial buildings and structures:
I, II andIII degrees of fire resistance class C0 from the side of walls without openings - not normalized;
is the same, from the side of walls with openings - not less than 9 m;
IV degree of fire resistance class C0 and C1 on the side of walls without openings - not less than 6 m;
is the same, from the side of walls with openings - not less than 12 m;
other degrees of fire resistance and classes of fire hazard - not less than 15 m;
b) to administrative and residential buildings of enterprises:
I, II and III degrees of fire resistance class C0 - at least 9 m;
of other degrees of fire resistance and classes of fire hazard - not less than 15 m.
Distance from car storage sites to buildings and structures of I and II degrees of fire resistance of class СО in the territory of service stations of cars with the number of posts not more than 15 from the side of walls with openingsnot standardized.
4.7 The storage of vehicles for the transportation of fuels and lubricants( fuel and lubricants) should generally be provided in open areas or in detached single-storey buildings of at least grade II fire resistance class C0.It is allowed to attach such parking lots to the deaf fireproof walls of the 1st or 2nd type of industrial buildings of I and II degrees of fire resistance of class C0( except buildings of categories A and B), provided that in the parking lot cars with a total capacity of transported fuels not more than 30 m3.
In open areas, the storage of vehicles for the transportation of petroleum products should be provided for in groups of not more than 50 cars and the total capacity of these materials is not more than 600 m3.The distance between such groups, as well as to the storage areas for other vehicles, must be at least 12 m.
The distance from storage areas for vehicles for transportation of fuels to buildings and structures of the enterprise should be taken in accordance with SNiP II-89 for LV storage, and before administrative andhousehold buildings of this enterprise - not less than 50 m.
7
OPERATING REQUIREMENTS 7.1 The outputs on each parking floor shall be marked with clear and clearly visible signs.
It is recommended to use luminous paints and luminescent coatings to indicate the paths of vehicles and the main target points( exits on floors, places for installing fire hydrants, fire extinguishers, etc.).
7.2. The car and ramp storage areas must have signs for smoking in the parking lot.
7.3 Parking lots should be equipped with primary fire-fighting equipment in accordance with the requirements of PPB 01.
7.4 Special fire-retardant coatings and impregnations applied to the exposed surface of structures should be periodically restored or replaced when they are destroyed( completely or partially) or in accordance withterm of operation, established in the technical documentation for these coatings and impregnations.
7.5 External ramps and external ladders should be cleaned of snow and ice.
7.6 It is not allowed to convert or use individual boxes intended for the storage of cars as spaces for repair work.
7.7 The efficiency of fire protection engineering systems( fire hydrants and hydrants, fire extinguishing pumping stations, fire alarms, smoke protection systems, fire alarms, devices for closing evacuation exits) must be checked at least once a year with the drawing up of an appropriate act involving representativesstate fire supervision.
7.8 Organizational arrangements for ensuring fire safety are provided in accordance with PPB 01.
Keywords: aboveground and underground parking lots, fire resistance, fire distances, ramps( ramps), tambour gateways, blocks
