Wood fireplaces made of bricks are an ornament of any country house or villa.
You admire the photo of the fireplaces, but you can not decide to put this one yourself? Ordering a mason's specialist's work is an expensive treat, so many consider it an excessive luxury.
However, there is another way to acquire this magnificent piece of interior - to build it yourself.
Do you think this is too complicated? Read our guide and understand that the independent construction of a fireplace made of bricks is available to almost everyone.
Brick fireplaces are simply furnaces with an open firebox, having understood this, it will be easier for you to understand how exactly effective wood-burning fireplaces are built.
And at your dacha you can easily make your own street brazier, such as the video below, which is used not only for cooking, but also that is a real decoration of the veranda or gazebo.
Video:
All construction can be divided into several stages:
- preparatory( to understand the features of construction, choose a model);
- selection of materials;
- choice of location on the territory of your country house;
- construction of a fireplace;
- creating a chimney;
- facing, decoration.
From brick it is possible to lay down an excellent practical fireplace for a dacha, which will not only decorate the room, but also heat it.
The heat that radiates this type of furnace is a way to maintain a comfortable temperature in the house and save on electricity.
- Preparation for the construction of the fireplace
- Fireplace device
- Chimney model selection
- Location of the fire room
- Selection of the required materials
- Technology of the construction of the fireplace
- Chimney unit
- Brick brazier
Preparing for the construction of the fireplace
Before proceeding with the erection of the oven,as it is arranged.
Today there are a huge number of types of fireplaces, they are wall, island and built-in.
Do it yourself you can do whatever you want. But the basic elements that make up this type of furnace are almost always the same.
Fireplace device
Let's look at the device of a classic fireplace.
Whatever it is outside, inside they always have the following elements( see the photo below for a vertical section):
- firebox( the space where the firewood is burning);
- fuel basket - a metal basket on which firewood is stacked;
- under the fuel basket is a platform, which is called a underbody, it has the shape of a rectangle or trapezium, tapering to the rear wall. In the hearth of the fireplace sometimes arrange a cavity in which they can cook food;
- above the fuel basket is a mantel mouth - a bottleneck in the pipe above the firebox, into which smoke rushes;
- in front of the mouth( front of the fireplace) is a small jumper or overlap;
- behind the mouth( rear wall) is the so-called "tooth", gas threshold;
- above there is a smoke box( smoke bag), from where the smoke enters the chimney;
- on the front wall there is a damper that controls the smoke flow;
- under the firebox is an ash pan, which must be cleaned from time to time from the ash.
We have dealt with an exemplary device of fireplaces, now we need to decide what our model will be, and also we need a scheme.
If you are not ready to design your oven completely independently, you can find a photo of the finished projects that can be slightly upgraded to make your fireplace unique.
Choice of fireplace model
Furnace fireplace made of bricks can be closed or open, wall, corner or located in the center of the room.
You can select the suitable model in the photo below, and you will also need a ready-made diagram or drawing if you are not ready to make it yourself.
Photo:
Drawings of beautiful fireplaces made of bricks can look below, there is a video about how they are built in the country with their own hands.
Photo:
A closed fireplace is arranged on the basis of a cast-iron firebox, which is simply bricked.
The front wall of the firebox is made of heat-resistant glass.
The fireplace masonry made of open brick is carried out according to a different principle and includes the manufacturing of a firebox made of stone by oneself, the scheme of which is below.
Whatever model you choose, the fireplace will always be the center of any room. Therefore, it is important that it harmoniously fits into the interior design and was executed with it in a unified style.
A lot depends on the scale of the room, the smaller the size of the room - the smaller the size of the fireplace.
Look at the different types of furnaces in the interior, see the photo below.
Photo:
Location of the fire department
The question of location is the most important at the preparatory stage.
Wood fireplaces are installed on the foundation, and it is impossible to move them later in another place.
Basic rules for the location of the fireplace in the interior:
- The fireplace is the main element of any interior. If it is installed in the right place, the other interior items no longer attract so much attention;
- It is usually installed in the living room, less often in the dining room or bedroom. If the fireplace is made in the bedroom, then, as a rule, choose a small corner fireplace made of bricks;
- Sofas and armchairs have a semicircle around the hearth, which is never installed in the passage of the room;
- The furnace does not suit the protruding parts of the walls, on the contrary, it is better to arrange it in the arch or in the corner of the room, if possible;
- It is better not to have a fireplace near the entrances and exits of the room - the presence of doors next to it makes the interior less cozy;
- It is better not to build a fireplace near the outside wall of the house, because of the temperature difference in the house and on the street inside the chimney, too much condensate will be collected.
Selection of the required materials
The fireplace body( its main part) is made of solid clay brick or chamotte.
Qualitative, properly baked brick should be orange-red, uniform in color.
Another way to check the quality of the material is to hit it with a metal hammer. The sound should be clean, not deaf, and not ringing.
If the brick has a non-uniform color, then this is a sign of errors in production technology, such a brick you do not need.
Do not experiment with the kind of material.
Only such a brick as described above, silicate and hollow will suit you, because the first one does not withstand high temperatures, and the second one has poor heat transfer.
Wood fireplaces must have a chimney, which is laid out of a special oven bricks, and the outer part of the pipe that goes to the street, from the ceramic.
This is because the oven brick has the property to break down from the effects of weather and precipitation. The diagram of the chimney is seen below.
Mortar for laying bricks with their own hands is made on the basis of clay.
The clay is soaked in advance, for two to three days, allowing it to soak with water. After that, it is wiped through a grid with a cell of 3-5 mm and mixed with sand and water.
The composition of the solution is approximately the following: 4 parts of clay, 8 parts of sand and 1 part of water. You can also add a little cement, not more than 1 part.
The final solution should be a consistency like thick sour cream.
Clay for the mixture will need fatty, this means that initially the percentage of sand in it should be very low( no more than 3%).
Sand for mortar is clean, medium sized, without large grains.
It is not recommended to add cement to the mortar, which will be used directly when laying the furnace.
High temperatures require that all materials are thermally stable. Therefore, it is better not to take cement, but in order to make the mixture even more heat resistant, sand is changed to chamotte powder.
To clay brick fireplaces, use natural stone, ceramic tile, wood, plaster.
Technology of fireplace construction
At your dacha you can make your own fireplace open or closed, based on a cast iron furnace.
Projects of fireplaces made of bricks you can see above, there is also a chimney scheme.
For the beginning the foundation is poured. On average, a camminopeg weighs about a ton, and of course no floor can stand it. Therefore, a very stable foundation is laid on which a sheet of roofing material is laid.
This is done because the brick is very hygroscopic and easily collects water, which means that it is necessary to isolate it from moisture.
The order of the brick is carried out in staggered order as follows: take a brick in your left hand, dip it into the water for a couple of seconds, and apply a mixture of clay with your right hand, put the brick and press it on top.
The order of the fireplace starts at the corners, and after the walls are filled. As you can see in the video below.
Video:
Chimney unit
The chimney device is no less important than the device of the fireplace itself. Without a strong draft the fireplace simply will not be able to function in the house or at the dacha - smoke and soot will get into the rooms.
Construction of fireplaces for a house made of bricks will not do without the construction of a chimney. If you build a street brazier in a gazebo, then you will need a chimney too.
Its base is a vertical channel made of heat-resistant material, through which smoke and combustion products will escape.
A ceramic pipe can be used as the main channel, which is an excellent heat-resistant material.
On top, it is covered with sheets of mineral wool, and afterwards the brick is laid.
Do not forget that each chimney needs a systematic cleaning.
Twice a year it is necessary to carry out diagnostics, even if everything is in order, because soot is mixed on the internal parts of the chimney, mixed with condensate.
Brick brazier
With the onset of heat, many people think about arranging a manger or barbecue in their dacha, where you can prepare juicy meat and delicious vegetables.
According to the technology of the device and laying, the street brazier is not much different from the home fireplace made of bricks.
You can look at the photo below how to order such a furnace for cooking.
A street brazier can combine the properties and stoves for cooking, and a fireplace for creating comfort.
If you install it on a terrace or in a gazebo, then on spring and autumn evenings it will create an atmosphere of warmth and coziness for your family.
Add the brazier yourself is not more difficult than a fireplace.
Requirements for the location of the fireplace:
- quiet place, hidden from the wind;
- smoke should not interfere with vacationing home owners and neighbors.
The average brazier weighs several hundred kilograms, so it is necessary to make a foundation under it.
The technology of laying the foundation under the furnace can be seen in the photo and video below. There is also a ready-made scheme , which will help you build a street brazier.
Video:
The foundation is arranged as follows: formwork is piled into the pit and is poured with concrete. After this, it must be left to fully cure for about two weeks.
Materials that you will need for building a brazier with your own hands:
- a clay mixture for masonry, and for a brazier - clay mud. The usual cement will not work for you;
- heat-resistant brick of M-150 grade or fireclay.
As a waterproofing between the foundation and the main part of the furnace, a roofing material is laid, the dimensions of the sheet are slightly smaller than the dimensions of the base of the fireplace.
Before you start laying a brick on a mortar, you can put it on a dry pair of rows to make sure that everything turns out as planned.
How does the order of the fireplace look like in the photo and video below.
Video:
