How to choose a primer

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Primer is a liquid composed of mineral fillers and organic or inorganic binding ingredients. Used for preliminary, starting treatment of areas before finishing. The priming mixture depends on the durability of the adhesion of the putty layer to the base surface: resistance to delamination and peeling, water repellency, mechanical strength, aesthetic appearance of the upper layer. Soil is the main component factor in the technological process of finishing, repair, preparatory works.

Contents

How to choose a primer according to the characteristicscomponent base

The base surface must firmly hold the coating. For these purposes, a primer is used, the characteristics of which correspond to the basic requirements: deep penetration into the substrate and improvement of adhesion with subsequent layers.

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Uniform application of paint, putty, plaster, wallpaper glue or tile is possible after priming the working surface. The choice of a suitable primer is based on the following criteria:

1. On the basis characteristics. It happens:

  • little absorption,
  • absorbing,
  • highly absorbent.

A surface-penetrating primer is used.

2. From the work front:

  • for preparation,
  • alignment,
  • increase or decrease moisture absorption,
  • increase adhesion to the base layer.

Universal surface primers are applied.

Industrial soils are divided into groups according to their intended use:

  1. Primary preparation of base substrates.
  2. Increases the adhesion between the base layer and the finishing.
  3. Surface ground mixture.
  4. Penetrating primer.

Classification according to binder ingredients or based on:

1. Acrylic. Water-soluble primer for universal use. It is designed to cover new and old plasters, cement, concrete, brick, wood surfaces, DBP, CIP.

Plus means:

  • faint smell,
  • quick drying.

Cons:

  • does not protect the surface of ferrous metals.

2. Alkyd. The optimal means for processing woody areas."Loosens" the structure, increases the susceptibility of finishing coatings.

Is divided into two types:

  • based on zinc phosphate. Anticorrosive preparation, applied as a base for alkyd dyes;
  • base with chromate-zinc. Has a wide scope of operation, not only on wood surfaces.

Advantages of the preparation:

  • drying of the layer up to 15 hours,
  • has time to penetrate deep into the structure of the treated area, the
  • gives a uniform distribution on the vertical and horizontal planes.

Disadvantages:

  • inability to use on gypsum objects.

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3. Griffal. Refers to the starting soil for metal structures. Disadvantage: long drying period - 1 day, not used for medium and high humidity.

4. Mineral, cement-based. Used for starting treatment, correction of the surface of internal foam concrete, brick, gas silicate, expanded clay.

Advantages: quickly fills the voids and porosity.

Disadvantages: not used for processing wood, PBX surfaces.

5. Chlorovinyl. The universal composition of the drug is designed for high-quality processing of metal products and planes. Good fit on plaster of brick and concrete surface even at a temperature of -50.

Advantages: forms the strength of the coating to temperature changes, dries quickly - 1 hour.

Disadvantages: not used for interior work.

6. Polyvinyl acetate. Specific spectrum of use. Used as a substrate for polyvinyl acetate paint.

Advantages: quickly dries at a temperature of 20-240, less than half an hour.

Disadvantage: a narrow range of applications.

7. Polystyrene. Good for plaster and wood.

Disadvantage: the composition contains a toxic diluent, limited indoor use.

8. Phenolic. It is intended for starting finishing of wood and clean surface of metals. Advantages: quickly dries, protects from moisture and corrosion.

Disadvantages: contains volatile organic compounds, long dries from 10 to 12 hours.

Which primer to choose for wood surface

For wood, several types of soil are used:

  1. Standard. The basis is an organic solvent. The preferred preparation for finishing natural and artificial wood coatings. A layer of dry soil does not allow other layers of finish to be absorbed into the wood.
  2. Water based with acrylic. Plus this drug in the absence of a sharp unpleasant odor. Quickly dries, does not form streaks on the plane.
  3. Aluminum. Specific primer intended for application to a specific species of wood: teak, coniferous, deciduous with increased tariness, afrohromias.
  4. For wood fiber boards, DBP, MDF.Pressed products very poorly absorb the deposited solutions. The masters always have difficulties in the selection of soils. Narrow special primer based on water, designed for building materials with low adhesion, penetrates well into the pores of pressed wood, does not slip off the surface, is easily applied.

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Which primer to choose for masonry from concrete or brick

Concrete and masonry have a cellular spatial system. To treat the surfaces of these materials, there are specialized soils:

  • Antichek. Building materials contain a high concentration of alkalis. This drug is resistant to aggressive alkaline environment and substances, reduces the negative impact of caustic and does not allow it to destroy the finish coating.
  • Surface stabilizer. It is used as a binder for crumbling, scaly building materials, limits the absorption of the old plaster surface, stabilizes the bulk and underlying layer of the substrate, strengthens its structure. The industry produces a primer in the form of a clear or white solution. Ideal for the treatment of lime areas intended for application of emulsions or facade dyes.
  • Primer for concrete. A feature of the characteristic of the concrete surface is porosity with a low adhesion index. On a vertical concrete wall, it is very difficult to apply and keep from slipping a layer of finish more than 0.5 cm. The treatment and sealing of the concrete surface with this soil increases the property of adhesion, allows a thick layer of new plaster to be applied, and prevents subsequent shattering of the finish. Applied in the usual way: brush, roller, spray.

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  • Water repellent-primer. The cellular surface of the clutches has a large moisture-absorbing characteristic. To increase the water-repellent properties of masonry use a primer. The quality of the application process is facilitated by the addition of an unstable dye to the preparation. It helps to apply a primer to the site without prolysin. Drying, the dye becomes transparent or discolored.
  • Preparation for dirt repulsion. It is used to improve the aesthetic appearance of the front surfaces. Apply the preparation on top of the paint on the masonry. Transparent protective layer of the drug contributes to a smooth spreading of precipitation along the vertical, prevents the formation of dirty streaks, reduces sticking and sedimentation of dirt.
  • Alcoholic quick-drying. The primer is designed to mask problem spots on the painted surface. It has a white color, well disguises dark spots that appear, prevents their protrusion on new finishing layers. Universal agent for applying to creosote-treated wood, tar, bitumen. Methanol is used as the solvent to the primer. The freshly applied layer after 10 minutes becomes dry to the touch. Full drying takes place in half an hour.

How to choose a primer for metal

Primer for metal has the main function - protection against corrosion. The composition of primers for metal surfaces necessarily includes rust inhibitors.

Industrial treatment products:

  • Iron alkyd. The most famous of the soil-protective fluids. Used for all metal and steel surfaces. To create a reliable base for finishing, it is enough to apply one coat of curd.
  • Water based primer. Quick-drying liquid, used for surface treatment of most metals. Apply directly to a fresh prepared metal surface. Not applicable on galvanized surfaces.

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  • Anti-corrosion. It is used on metal surfaces with deep rust damage. Before applying the product, loose oxidized pieces are cleaned from the old surface.
  • Universal zinc-phosphate. Used for color and black metal surfaces. Good lays down and interacts with galvanizing and aluminum.
  • For galvanized metal. Galvanizing is considered a problematic surface due to low adhesion. Any applied finishing layer: putty, paint, lie unevenly, slide off, do not give an even layer. Primer with the addition of zinc phosphate and anti-corrosive substance forms a passivated film on the treated galvanized surface, increases the surface roughness for the subsequent application of paint or putty, provides protection from corrosion.
  • Primer for radiator. It is used for additional protection, over the factory primer coat, before painting. Protects cast iron from corrosion, improves heat transfer, increases adhesion to paint. It is chosen the same with the brand paint according to the manufacturers.

How to choose a primer or filler

When working with artificial materials, you often have to look for a means for masking the stains, processing from mold fungi. For these purposes, the industry produces pore fillers, primers of unified, specialized composition:

  • For PVC plastic, PVC.It is used for renovation of PVC window and door frames. Provides good adhesion of the upper layer of the finish. It is used for processing the joint of a plastic frame with concrete for subsequent application of paint or decorative finishing from gypsum.
  • For ceramic tiles. Nanoprints. Used in the production of ceramic tiles. Provide good adhesion of paint with gloss, enhance protection against mechanical micro-impact, prevent the stratification of finishing layers on the surface of the ceramic.

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  • For melamine. Used for small household repair works of kitchen furniture. It is used as a base for glossy or semi-matt paint.
  • For masking spots. A universal tool that allows qualitative masking on the finished surface of difficult spots from nicotine, stains on the ceiling from leaks, stains and "rusty" stains from the flow of plumbing. Serves as a base for emulsion or oil paint.
  • For wet spots. Decorative primer. It does not eliminate the cause of the leak, but it masks well the gray moldy stains on the walls, the ceiling inside the room.
  • Universal. To carry out large-scale works of priming large dissimilar surfaces: concrete, brick walls, skirting boards made of wood or PVC, oak, ash, pine or PVC trim, metal and brick surfaces.

How to buy a primer

Bring a profitable purchase each makes up at its discretion and its budget. The modern sphere of service in the Internet space is the most comfortable and attractive for wholesale purchases, purchase of small lots. All goods in the online store are supplied with a detailed description of the manufacturers and the composition of the product. Recommendations for the application and safety of work are given. The online store of building chemistry is suitable for people with an allergy to smells. The product is presented visually in full, well visible, but without accompanying fragrances.

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The cost of soils depends on the brand of the manufacturer, the composition and volume of packaging. For example, the Ukrainian manufacturer offers universal primers, the price of which for 5 liters or 10 kg from $ 15 to $ 30.Priming of imported production will be 5-25% higher.

Qualitative preparation of areas for subsequent application of materials is an important final step for maintaining the main coverage, it is not worth neglecting this stage of construction and finishing works.

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