Even a person who is not particularly versed in construction issues knows the most common types of foundations that are mounted to any building. A little is known about what a "warmed Swedish plate" is. With the specifics and specifics of the arrangement of such a foundation, we will deal with this article.
This technology was developed, and relatively recently, in Germany, based on the experience of house building in the Scandinavian countries. This is one of the main reasons for our lack of information on this issue.
Starting with a description of all the advantages of this design, it makes no sense - all the "advantages" of the Swedish plate will become clear when the technology and the process of its installation will be considered in detail.
What is the peculiarity of the technology?
- The whole plate is covered with a heater( hence the commonly used abbreviation - UWB).This excludes the effect of changes in soil temperature on the foundation of the structure. Since the freezing of soil under the house itself is insignificant, the risks of its movement are significantly reduced.
- The depth of such a foundation is minimal.
- All communication routes pass inside the insulated Swedish plate.
- Such grounds are used, as a rule, when building houses no more than 2 floors.
Taking into account the peculiarities of our country's climate, for the private sector - an excellent option. Now, knowing all the nuances of construction, you can go to its step-by-step description. A similar design should be obtained, as in the figure( variant).
Procedure for the construction of
Trace of terrain
Nothing special about this. The only thing to consider is the orientation of the plate, especially if it is not rectangular, but rather complex geometry. On which side, in accordance with the layout of the house, it is more convenient to construct engineering communications?
Trimming of the foundation pit
- The soil is removed approximately 45 cm. This is quite sufficient regardless of its characteristics. The bottom of the prepared segment is compacted well.
- After that, the loose material that forms the "pillow" is loaded onto the platform. In principle, this is done by erecting any foundation in order to minimize the impact on it of the soil, with its possible shifts. But when installing UWB there are some nuances that are determined by the presence of a heater, covering all the edges of the plate.
Firstly, if possible, previously to the bottom should cover the clay( about 10 cm) and ram. This will create an additional layer of waterproofing the foundation.
Secondly, all such "cushions" - a mixture of sand + gravel( or crushed granular fractions).In this case, these materials are loaded separately from each other in a certain order. First, solid fractions( pebbles, gravel), which after sealing are covered with a geotextile cloth. After that - a layer of sand, but only river( or quarry with large granules).Why so? If the sand is at the lower level, then by definition it will absorb moisture from the soil, which can gradually reach the insulation.
Third, it is necessary to immediately mount a perimeter drainage system. There are recommendations that this is done only in cases where underground water layers are not deep. All right. But is there any guarantee that after some time their configuration will not change? There are many reasons for this - large-scale construction near the site, gradual climate change and a number of other factors. And then what? After all, the house is being built for many years, and to make constructive changes after a while - it is very troublesome and expensive. So it's better to prepare for all the "surprises" in advance and put the drainage pipes right away.
Laying of communications
Everything is done according to the project, and there are no complications here.
Note! You need to take into account the perspective. After all, when planning the construction of everything can not be taken into account. It is clear that the project takes into account all the basic engineering systems. But if then there will be a desire( and an opportunity) to connect something else? For example, cable TV.Perhaps, it will be necessary to lay an additional cable / cable, since the former can no longer "hold" the load due to the purchase of new household appliances. There are many options. So as not to puzzle over how to solve the problem, it is advisable to lay a couple of spare pipes. And so that there are no bends, since then pulling the same cable will become difficult.
Thermal insulation
Given that the material is mounted under UWB, it must have high strength, especially for compression. Therefore, such common options as polystyrene or mineral wool are discarded. An example is the Penoplex product. You can choose a different one, but with similar characteristics. What is its advantage? It is multifunctional, as it simultaneously provides both heat and waterproofing.
At the same stage, the formwork is assembled, which is laid out from the inside with the same "Penoplex".After the board is hardened, the guardrail is dismantled, and the heater remains and serves simultaneously as the bumps of the lower part of the structure.
Reinforcing frame
It is worth recalling that its bottom should slightly rise above the base. Therefore, under the net, plastic "cups"( on sale) or wooden "chocks" are put under the grid so that it is raised to a height of at least 50 mm.
Note! Depending on the design and purpose of the structure, it is possible to lay pipes of the heating system right under the net, that is, to equip the "warm floors" contour. The Penoplex itself will only reduce heat loss, but the floor will not heat up, especially to the required temperature. Naturally, this will require special calculations, but for a residential structure it is more than advisable. It is possible to specify only the limiting distances between neighboring "threads".At a minimum - 100 mm, at the maximum - 250.
In the section, the whole structure looks like this( without taking into account the above nuances for the arrangement of the "cushion")
Filling the solution
To reduce the cost of further finishing the premises, it is necessary to level the surface of the future plate to the ideal state, since it is the floor of the lower floor. Taking into account its preliminary( already done) insulation, you can then limit the installation of carpet, linoleum, parquet without the device of logs and other additional measures that are carried out during the installation of the "finish" coating.
Summary
It's time to summarize and formulate what is the preferred construction of a heat-insulated Swedish plate.
First, do not need a lot of experience, as well as rent( hire) of special equipment - everything is done by oneself. The only difficulty - in the calculations, and they will need absolutely accurate. Here you need specialist services, and everything else can be done on your own.
Secondly, the possibility of significant savings, primarily on cement.
Thirdly, taking into account the presence of a "warm floor" contour, it is possible to establish the most favorable microclimate( and throughout the house) without additional costs for various special equipment. Plus to this - the cost of heating is sharply reduced.
The cost of the Swedish foundation
The exact figure for obvious reasons will not even be called by a specialist. It is possible to be guided by such( approximate) data - the independent laying of a plate on 100 m ² will cost within 325 000 rubles.
