Hydraulic oil station: manufacture by own hands

When working with an industrial tool that requires high pressure, without using a hydraulic oil station is indispensable. We will talk about the device, advantages and features of manufacturing the oil station with our own hands further.

Hydraulic oil station type

The oil station is used for converting various types of energy intoenergy of a liquid of mechanical type. The hydraulic oil station pumps hydraulic fluid and creates pressure in the working area of ​​the actuators.

Hydraulic oil station is characterized by:

1. Hydraulic tank - it is made of black steel or stainless steel. The inner surface of the tank is sandblasted and double coated with a polymer. If a long-term operation of the oil station is assumed, then inside the tank are placed partitions, which promote mixing and cooling of the liquid. The main functions of the hydraulic tank are:

• performing the role of a reservoir in which oil is located;
• cooling of working fluid;
• function of a coarse filter in which contaminants are defended;
• separation from liquid water and oxygen;
• supply of working fluid for pumping equipment.

1. Pump. Pumps are of different types and differ in technical features. The pump feed rate is from 3 to 300 liters per minute. Here are the varieties of pumps that are used in hydraulic oil stations:

• gear type;
• plate type;
• radial-plunged type;
• axial-piston type.

1. Primary engine - in this case, hydraulic. Its main function is the conversion of mechanical energy due to rotation or kinetic energy.
2. Pipeline, which is a system of channels consisting of high pressure hoses. Also in the pipeline consists of metal pipes, which are characterized by a modular or butt installation. Their main function is to connect the hydraulic equipment with regulators, energy distributors. Responsible for the transfer of working fluid and its timely return.
3. Drain filter - it is responsible for cleaning the working fluid returning to the tank unit.
4. The suction filter, which prevents the solid parts of the mechanical impurity from entering the pump line. Installation of this filter is carried out directly on the pipe section under the working fluid. Since the pump has limited suction capabilities, the resistance of the filters to the working fluid must be kept to a minimum. These filters produce coarse liquid purification and consist of several structural parts. Some filters have a pass valve or a magnetic trap.
5. The filler neck in which the air filter is located - this element performs the function of preventing dirt from entering the working fluid during the opening of the tank.
6. Measuring elements: manometer, oil quantity indicator.
7. Distributors, which are:

• electrohydraulic;
• manual, with one or more sections.

Principle of operation of hydraulic oil station

Hydraulic oil station is also called hydraulic drive, hydraulic unit or hydraulic pumping station. It appears as a system that converts energy through the management of hydraulic fluid.

The type of energy converted directly depends on the design features of the primary engine, which is the main element of the oil plant.

The principle of operation of a hydraulic oil station consists in transferring the torque from the primary source of mechanical energy( electric motor or internal combustion engine) to the shaft of the hydraulic pump. With the suction filter, the working fluid, in this case oil, is sucked in by the hydraulic pump. Then the RG is transmitted through the pipeline system to the hydraulic equipment, which distributes it and determines its pressure on the way to the hydraulic cylinder or the hydraulic motor that performs the work.

Spent working fluid through the pipe system, passing the drain filters, returns to the hydraulic tank.

Advantages and scope of hydraulic oil station

When comparing a hydraulic oil station with a standard compressor, it stands out with such advantages:

• reduced costs that go to transportation equipment, as well as installation, maintenance and connection of the oil station;
• compact dimensions make it easy to transport and operate the device;
• low fuel consumption;
• high performance and application efficiency;
• oil station has a lower noise generation than the compressor;
• device is characterized by a wide scope of use, it is possible to connect the oil station to units and equipment of various capacities and purposes;
• simplicity and ease of operation on the equipment does not require hiring and training specialists.

The scope of use of hydraulic oil stations is mainly aimed at ensuring the operability of hydraulic tools and tools. With the help of a hydraulic oil station, almost any mechanism can be started. Therefore, they have a fairly wide range of applications.

Hydraulic oil station is capable of operating:

• with static hydraulic tool;
• with wiring equipment;
• with dynamic hydraulic type tool;
• with construction or railway equipment;
• with slurry pumps;
• with drilling equipment;
• with injection molding machine;
• with presses;
• with systems that handle the lifting and moving of large and dimensional structural objects;
• with test benches;
• with technological equipment.

Hydraulic oil stations are used for pumping and cleaning oil. They are able to supply oil to separate parts of the machinery, lubricate and cool its elements. With the help of a hydraulic oil station, hydraulic cylinders, machines, equipment and piping systems are tested.

The main applications of hydraulic oil stations:

• industrial;
• Metallurgical;
• construction;
• power;
• agricultural;
• transport.

The main types of hydraulic oil stations

Hydraulic oil plants are divided into several parameters. Depending on the type of travel, they can be:

• mobile type;
• stationary type;
• self-propelled type.

The first type is characterized by compact dimensions and is easily transported. Mobile oil stations have low power and are used in a private sector.

Stationary devices are used in industry. Such oil plants have large dimensions and operate at high power.

Self-propelled hydraulic oil stations combine the advantages of the two previous types. They have both high power, and means for transportation, and in particular - wheels.

Depending on the primary engine, the oil station is:

• hydraulic;
• electrical;
• pneumatic;
• petrol;
• diesel.

The most compact oil-station based on a gasoline engine. For the operation of a pneumatic oil station, a compulsory compressor is required, the minimum working pressure of which is from 0.5 MPa. Hydraulic oil plants based on pneumatic actuators are used in enterprises that impose stringent requirements for work, and in particular, in petrochemical or mining plants. Such oil plants have a longer service life and use devices that lubricate the system by spraying the working fluid.

Depending on the type of distributor, the hydraulic oil stations are:

1. With the presence of a manual discharge crane - they pump and depressurize the hydraulic cylinder assembly. Used when working with equipment that has a spring return, such as a pipe bender or a screwdriver.
2. The oil plant with two-position distributors pumps such pressure, which is able not only to supply oil for operation, but also to ensure its return back to the system. Applied for equipment that has a two-position action.
3. Devices with a three-position distributor are the most popular. They allow you to work in the position of the working stroke - hold and return. They are used for the work of presses.

According to the pressure, oil stations are: low pressure

• - up to 16 MPa;
• medium pressure - up to 45 MPa;
• high-pressure oil station - up to 155 MPa;
• super-high pressure - more than 155 mPa.

Hydraulic oil stations differ in control method and are:

• manual type;
• electromagnetic type;
• automatic type.

In the first form of oil stations, the operation is controlled by means of a handle. Electromagnetic method of control means pushing a button post, which is located in the oil station, or using the remote control on the buttons.

The third type of control is a combination of the two previous methods. Control of the work is possible with both a remote control and a handle.

Depending on the type of hydraulic drive, oil stations are:

• single-stage;
• two-stage.

Single-stage pumps have a single-flow pump. These stations allow you to adjust the speed and mode of operation of the hydraulic cylinder. Oil plants of this type are used in those cases where it is necessary to apply the same forces to compress the pressed body. For example, in the manufacture of briquettes from waste or debris. They are also used in the production of dry ice, gluing wood, scraping or pressing.

Two-stage oil stations consist of a two-stage cycle. They are characterized by the presence of a twin pump and a bulkhead. Such stations significantly save electricity.

Recommendations for choosing a hydraulic oil station

To buy a hydraulic oil station, contact a specialized company or directly with the manufacturer.

The price of the oil station depends on such factors:

• type of the primary engine;
• pressure;
• power;
• type of distributor;
• the ability to move;
• manufacturer.

When choosing an oil station, pay attention to the working pressure of the drive, the working volume of the piston section, the speed and the size of the working stroke, the type of drive and the settings of the hydraulic oil plant.

The main characteristics are:

• value of capacity or rated power;
• the size of the fuel tank and the value of the hydraulic fluid pressure.

Determining the type of oil plant in accordance with the control method directly depends on the technical features of the plant or the direct functions of the oil station.

Please note that the useful volume of the fuel tank must be one-quarter the total hydraulic volume of the hydraulic equipment that will be used in conjunction with the oil station. In this case, another function of the oil tank is lubrication and cooling, so if it is not more than the required volume, these functions will not be performed.

To be able to operate several instruments at the same time, you need to purchase a multi-port crane, port or multi-port pump.

When choosing a hydraulic oil type plant, pay attention to its technical features and read the operating instructions beforehand to determine the recommended supply of hydraulic fluid and compare it with the tool. If the supply is less, there is a risk of slow operation of the equipment, in the event of a larger supply, the equipment will fail.

Hydraulic oil plant with own hands

The manufacture of a hydraulic oil station is a very complicated process. Therefore, in the absence of skills to work with this equipment, it is recommended to entrust this matter to professionals.

To manufacture a hydraulic oil-driven plant with their own hands, the following is required:

• of the prime mover;
• hydraulic tank;
• filters: drain, suction;
• pump;
• pipe system;
• safety valve;
• distributors;
• manometer;
• oil level meter.

Pay special attention to the choice of hydraulic tank. Its size depends on the type of device that is connected to the oil station. It should also be noted that the oil, moving through the system, heats up and returns to the tank heated, and therefore in an increased volume, and requires space to dissipate heat.

The suction zones of the hydraulic fluid must have partitions that improve the performance of the oil station.

Do not use oil that is too high in viscosity, if this can not be avoided - add special additives.

The installation of filters is mandatory - they will prolong the performance of the oil station and prevent its premature failure.

There are several ways to fasten the hydraulic tank to the oil station design:

• horizontal mount, when the hydraulic equipment is attached from above and the engine is located on top of the cover, the hydraulic tank must be rigid to prevent engine vibrations;
• bottom location of the hydraulic tank - this design is quite cumbersome and expensive, improper pressure distribution requires additional energy to increase cavitation;
• the best option will be the location of the hydraulic tank vertically with respect to the entire station, such equipment is characterized by compactness and low noise production.

The size of the tank depends on the amount of oil that is required to ensure the operability of the equipment connected to the oil station. Depending on the shape, the tanks are cylindrical or rectangular.