What is the JBI panel?
Panels are made of different concrete, in addition, they can be insulated and not insulated. Their standard sizes are controlled by GOST, but they are chosen based on the size of the object, its design, floor layout, etc. The panels are divided according to the typical characteristics: the purpose in the building, the number of main layers and the constructive solution. They are used for socle and aboveground floors, technical underground and attic.
Structurally, they are divided into integral and composite, and by the number of layers - on single-layer or multi-layer, which in turn can be two-layer and three-layer. Panels with layers are with air interlayers and solid.
They also differ in load distribution: load-bearing, hinged and self-supporting. To determine the proper thickness of the panel, it is worth paying attention not only to the loads that the panel will perceive, but also to the climatic conditions of the area in which construction will take place.
Single-layer wall panels are made from homogeneous and low-conductive materials. The thickness of the outer side is approximately 20-40 mm. The inside is covered with decorative lining.
Two-layer panels have a continuous construction, consisting of two layers: a carrier( made of dense reinforced concrete) and heat-insulating. Typically, the carrier layer is placed on the inside during installation. So it will also be a vapor barrier. The second layer is outside and subsequently covered with cement mortar.
Three-layer wall panels consist of two plates of reinforced concrete, between which there is a layer of insulation. Connect the layers of reinforced concrete welded frames from the reinforcement.
House of reinforced concrete - pros and cons
The house made of reinforced concrete has advantages and disadvantages. The advantages are:
- long service life;
- fire resistance;
- does not leak moisture;
- resistance to static and dynamic loads.
Speaking about the merits, it can also be noted that the main thing is the universality of the material. All panels, including reinforced concrete floor slabs, whose dimensions are determined by drawings and building diagrams, are successfully used in the construction of objects with different purposes.
In addition to all this, the construction of reinforced concrete houses has its drawbacks:
- heavy weight( although this can be eliminated with the help of lightweight aggregates);
- high sound and heat conductivity;
- for construction uses a special technique;
- no wear control( can be eliminated if the defect is detected early).
How to build a monolithic reinforced concrete house?
Before starting the construction of a house made of cast-in-situ reinforced concrete, it is necessary to do the preparatory work. Since these structures are of great weight, one should consider how the access of special equipment to the construction site will be carried out. Then conduct geodetic work, which allows you to tie the axis of the structure to the terrain. Also it is necessary to decide on the design: how many are necessary and which ones? Still, you need to make preliminary calculations in order to avoid unnecessary waste of time and money for rework.
Next, the foundation blocks are laid in the pre-excavated trench. Its preparation should be carried out according to a preliminary drawn up scheme. There are built lighthouse blocks, then blocks-pillows. Between the latter leave a gap to pass pipelines or cables.
After this, foundation walls and basements are installed. At the end make a layer of cement on the top. It is needed in order to reach the design mark. Next, a basement is built, and the basement is covered with slabs.
The next step in the construction is the installation of columns. Before this, from above and below, along four faces, risks are posed, which mean the axes. The columns are mounted in a "glass" reinforced on the basement. They should stand upright, without slopes, fixed with concrete solution.
After completing the work, you need to fix the trusses and joists. They can be installed separately or together with the cover plates. After adjusting the truss and checking its stability make it permanently fixed. The beam and the truss must stand, without disturbing the geometry of the entire building. Now you can install wall panels. They put after the construction of the frame and the installation of floors. They are installed from the inside of the building, along the entire height of the building between the two columns.
It is very important to correctly fix the first row of panels, so carefully check the compliance with the risks.
External panels have not only protective and supporting functions, but also aesthetic. Therefore, it is necessary to seal the seams between the panels neatly. Internal panels are mounted before installing the floors of the upper floor. With the help of clamps are fastened to the columns, struts to the slabs. And the last stage of the installation is the welding of panels with parts of the frame of the building. So the cottage is ready from reinforced concrete.