The cesspool, which was traditionally settled on the territory, is a thing of the past. To avoid soil contamination, draining into it should not exceed by volume 1 m³ / day. But this is unrealistic, since in a modern private house, by definition, there is a bathroom and a toilet room, and in addition, some household appliances that use water( for example, washing machines and dishwashers).
Therefore, the septic tank, no matter what design it is - the only acceptable solution for the organization of the sewage system. To choose the best variant of this device from a large number of different models, you need to know how the septic tank works, its device and the principles of functioning. Here with this and understand.
Varieties of septic tanks
For the execution of
Quite often septic tanks are mounted independently, assembling from separate structural elements( for example, from concrete rings).As a rule, with one compartment, which simultaneously serves as a settler and filter. This option does not provide the proper degree of purification, so it is suitable except for the suburban area, but not for a full-fledged residential building. Installation of a more complex structure, especially on its own, requires not only skilful hands, but also certain engineering training.
By connecting
- With power consumption.
- Nonvolatile. The most convenient option, especially for country houses, not provided with a reliable alternative source of power.
By type of post-treatment
- Soil.
- Biological.
Constructive elements septic tank
Sedimentation tank - 1st chamber. It receives sewage from the sewage pipe. Its purpose is to separate solid suspensions from liquid( preliminary, rough cleaning).Heavy fractions gradually settle to the bottom( the process takes several days), and the liquid gradually flows into the next compartment.
Filter - 2 and 3 cameras. They are used for post-treatment of waste water. Here the process is somewhat different - biological. It involves bacteria, which finally decompose the remaining suspended matter.
Drainage well( chamber). The performance of this part of the septic tank depends on the particular model. It serves to ensure the removal of clarified liquid from the territory. As an option - to remove from the 2-chamber septic liquid is arranged( if the size and layout of the territory allows) a filtering field. If it is impossible to equip it, an infiltrator is put, from which the purified water goes to the ground.
In addition - a vent pipe( for evacuation of formed gases) and a hatch through which the interior of the tank is cleaned.
Types of septic tanks
Single-chamber
One of the models( from reinforced concrete rings) is shown in the figure.
The analog of plastic works on the same principle.
Two-chamber
Such models are quite suitable for a small private house, if there is a diversion out of the territory.
It is undesirable to organize drainage directly on the site, as the quality of cleaning is not the highest, and there is a risk of contamination of groundwater. It is especially important if the water intake is made from a well or a well to limestone( no more than 10 m deep).
Three-chamber
Provides the greatest possible cleaning of drains.
The principle of operation is easy to understand by schemes.
Here, perhaps, and all that you need to know about the principle of the septic. This information will help determine the most appropriate option for a cleaning device for your own home. Visually, all the processes of the septic's operation are shown on the video:
Note! The most popular models of septic tanks in the private sector are "Topas"( read about it here) and "Tank"( description here).They are characterized by a variety of assortment, reasonable prices, ease of installation and maintenance. In principle, these are the main criteria for selecting cleaning devices.
